Bond Localization Energy. I. Definition, Methods of Computation, and Relation to Bond Order

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
RD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Bond Order ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Localization Energy ◽  
Resonance Energies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bond Localization ◽  
Activated Complex ◽  
Mobile Order

A new quantity-the bond localization energy-which has some advantages in the theoretical discussion of the chemical reactivities of various bonds, is introduced. Its relationship to the activated complex is indicated. It is shown to be expressible in terms of the resonance energies of certain molecules related to the molecule being considered. The various methods available for computing resonance energies by the LCAO method are outlined and some of these are used to derive numerical values for the localization energies of particular bonds. The relationship between bond localization energy and mobile order is investigated, and the significance of the relations thus found is indicated.

scholarly journals Development? Thinking the future through a urban-natural perspective

Nova Economia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1157-1186
Author(s):  
Harley Silva ◽  
Jakob O. W. Sparn ◽  
Renata Guimarães Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Utopia ◽  
Traditional Communities

Abstract: This article offers a theoretical discussion on urbanization, nature and development and some of the links and interdependencies that connect these concepts. The focus is on some of the underlying dynamics and issues of our current development project defined as capitalist industrialization. The article illustrates the role of cities for human development and then argues that the relationship between society and nature could be - and indeed already has been - thought from a different perspective. Finally, the article discusses the transition from “campesinato” (peasantry) to traditional communities as product of extensive urbanization, as form of resistance and as potential blueprint for an alternative development and, potentially, for the Lefebvrian urban-utopia.

Persuasion by Design? Design Theory Between Aesthetics and Rhetoric

Design Issues ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Joachim Knape
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Design Argument ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article deals primarily with object design from a production-theoretical perspective. It is focused on the question of the rhetorical achievement of design, i.e., its persuasiveness, which was already discussed by Buchanan and Krippendorf in 1985. To this day, the relationship between aesthetic and rhetorical calculuses in the design process is controversial in theoretical discussion. The solution to the problem: Aesthetics and rhetoric combine in the appeal structure (1) at the moment of creation of design and (2) at the moment of the user's decision for an object. In these processes, the design argument results from the combination of aestheticized gestalt and rhetorical appeal of an object.

Lexical and Conceptual Arguments and Historical Reading: on the History of SELF

Paragraph ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-142
Author(s):  
James Helgeson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Michel De Montaigne ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
French And English ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The terms ‘self’ and ‘moi’ appeared within the lexica of French and English at the end of the sixteenth century, for example in Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors. This paper takes a sceptical approach to lexical arguments about the history of the self and SELF-concepts. Initially, the relationship of SELF to the question of ‘paradigms’ and ‘conceptual schemes’ is discussed via recent work in developmental psychology (Susan Carey) and classic discussions within analytic philosophy (Donald Davidson). The questions raised in the theoretical discussion are then re-examined through short readings of texts that do not contain lexicalized SELF-vocabulary, by the sixteenth-century French writers Maurice Scève and Michel de Montaigne. It is suggested that the importance of lexical arguments to the history of selves and SELF-concepts has been exaggerated, and that cognitive study has the potential to transform the study of the first-person stance and its history.

scholarly journals How to blame and make a difference: perceived responsibility and policy consequences in two Swedish pro-migrant campaigns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Johannesson ◽  
Noomi Weinryb
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Blame Attribution ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Policy Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this paper, we explore the assumption that blame-attribution can be an effective rhetorical strategy for non-elite interest groups who want power holders to be attentive to their demands. Through a qualitative analysis of two pro-migrant campaigns led by grassroot activists in Sweden, one taking place in 2005 and the other in 2017, we offer a nuanced empirical examination of non-elite initiated blame-games. We show how perceived responsibility influences these blame-games, and explore which policy consequences might emanate from them. We demonstrate that blame-making, under certain conditions, can be a successful strategy to gain policy influence, but that this strategy is conditioned by the complexity and transparency of the institutional arrangements of accountability within the policy sector. The focus on non-elite blame-making in order to change policies enables us to contribute to the theoretical discussion on the relationship between anticipatory and reactive forms of blame-avoidance behaviours, and to discuss the democratic implications of blame-games in both shorter and longer time perspectives. One implication of this study is that successful non-elite blame-making at one point in time actually can lower the chances of successful blame-making in the future.

scholarly journals La vinculación entre geopolítica y seguridad: algunas apreciaciones conceptuales y teóricas/ The link between geopolitics and security: a conceptual and theoretical assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Lester Martin Cabrera Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
The Way

El presente artículo establece una discusión teórica sobre la vinculación que existe entre la geopolítica y la seguridad. En este sentido, la discusión se aprecia desde un punto de vista en torno a la evolución que ha tenido la relación entre geopolítica y seguridad, particularmente sobre la forma en que se comprenden tanto los procesos conflictivos y los actores que se ven involucrados. Así, se establece la vinculación desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, donde se percibe la necesidad de comprender tanto a la geopolítica como a la seguridad desde otros puntos de vista en los que incluso sus elementos básicos se ven cuestionados. Se concluye que se requiere una comprensión holística de ambas perspectivas para entender y explicar los nuevos fenómenos conflictivos, sin descartar la totalidad de los postulados clásicos. ABSTRACTThe present article seeks to establish a theoretical discussion about the link between geopolitics and security. In this sense, the discussion is seen from a point of view on the evolution of the relationship between geopolitics and security, particularly on the way in which both conflicting processes and the actors involved are understood. Thus, it is established the linkage from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, where it is perceived the need to understand both geopolitics and security from other points of view, in which even its basic elements are questioned. It concludes that a holistic understanding of both perspectives is required to understand and explain the new conflicting phenomena, without ruling out the totality of the classical postulates.

scholarly journals Da Rua e da Cena: um estudo sobre Turismo de Teatro

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Baptista ◽  
Vanessa Lamego
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Resumo O presente artigo procura compreender e aprofundar a relação existente entre a festa e o teatro e evidenciar de que modo essa associação pode ser integrada na atividade turística, nomeadamente através do conceito de Turismo de Teatro. Este estudo produz, assim, um levantamento bibliográfico e uma discussão teórica acerca desta temática, onde se concluiu que apesar de não ser evidente a relação entre a festa e o teatro, esta revela-se muito claramente através do ritual e do jogo, dois elementos presentes em ambas as práticas. Com efeito, o sector do turismo não se restringe apenas aos meios de alojamento, transporte e entretenimento, mas também a todas as manifestações culturais que motivam a visita dos turistas. Nestas manifestações podem incluir-se o teatro e a festa, dois elementos que não foram desenhados com o objetivo turístico, mas que possuem grande potencialidade a este nível e que configuram um tipo de turismo cultural que tem vindo a ser designado na literatura da especialidade por Turismo de Teatro. Abstract This article seeks to understand the relationship between the festival and the theatre and show how this relationship can be integrated in tourist activity, namely through the concept of Theatre Tourism. This study results, thus, in a literature review and a theoretical discussion about these issues, in which was concluded that although the relationship between the festival and the theatre it’s not obvious, it is clearly revealed through the ritual and the game, two elements present in both practices. Indeed, the tourism sector is not restricted only to the accommodation, transportation and entertainment segments, but also to the cultural events that motivate tourist’s visits. These manifestations may include the theatre and the festival, two elements that were not designed with a tourist purpose, but have a great potential at this level and form a type of cultural tourism that has been designated in the literature as Theatre Tourism.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Digital Capitalism ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Chinese Model ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Global Communications ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides a historical account of the geopolitical economy of the global digital infrastructure and the role played by multinationals in configuring the global communications order. Locating the Huawei case in the international political-economic framework, it is argued that the relationship of capital, state, and class is mutually constituted. This approach offers a perspective to capture the dynamics of power structure and social relations underlying the globalization of corporate China. By contextualizing Huawei’s growth in China’s political-economic transformations and the country’s integration into global digital capitalism, this case also contributes to the theoretical discussion of the “Chinese model.”

Neutral hyperconjugation and one-bond couplings between heavy atoms

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B Lambert ◽  
Catherine E Shawl ◽  
Ernani Basso
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship has been examined between bond order and one-bond couplings involving heavy atoms, as modulated by neutral hyperconjugation. Two systems have been studied in which either an aromatic ring or a double bond can influence, through hyperconjugation, the α and β bonds (respectively, Ci—C and Ci—M in =C-C-M). Hyperconjugation may be modulated by substituents on the aromatic ring or double bond or by placement of different atoms (M = C, Si, Ge, or Sn) at the β position. The α bond exhibits no relationship between coupling constant and neutral hyperconjugation, but the β bond shows a strong relationship.Key words: hyperconjugation, germanium, σ-π conjugation, silicon, tin.

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