An initial investigation of forage production and feed quality of perennial wheat derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Newell ◽  
Richard C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Eastern Australia

Perennial cereals may offer a novel forage source in mixed farming enterprises while improving the sustainability of grain farming. There has been limited analysis of the quality of this forage type and its likely value to mixed grazing/cropping farming systems. This study evaluated the biomass and grain production of four wheat × wheatgrass hybrid experimental lines under four simulated grazing regimes; nil defoliation (grain only; D0), defoliate once (D1), defoliate twice (D2) and defoliate twice followed by a simulated hay cut (D3), and compared performance to a winter wheat, Wedgetail, and the perennial grass Thinopyrum intermedium. Early biomass production of the perennial entries was significantly less than Wedgetail (P = 0.01). Grain yield from Wedgetail was generally higher (P < 0.001) than all other lines. As defoliation frequency increased, the comparative difference in grain yield between Wedgetail and the hybrid entries decreased, with lines OK7211542 and 11955 exceeding the grain yield of Wedgetail in the D3 treatment. Cumulative annual biomass production of the hybrid lines exceeded that of Wedgetail, though the seasonal production differed markedly. Generally there was limited decline in perennial plant population between April and December in both years of the experiment. Defoliation had little impact on perennial plant survival; however, none of the hybrids could sustain a significant plant population beyond the second summer of the experiment. Yield declines of the hybrid entries was due to increasing plant mortality, rather than a predisposed yield limitation of the germplasm, as all hybrid entries either maintained or increased their grain yield on a per plant basis. In contrast, the perennial grass maintained a constant population for the duration of the experiment. Dry matter digestibility and energy content of all forages tested were high, averaging 80.2% and 13.3 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively. Crude protein was higher (P < 0.001) in Th. intermedium and the hybrid entries with 62% and 25% more crude protein than Wedgetail, respectively. All cereals had very high potassium : sodium and low calcium : phosphorus ratios, which indicated the need to provide mineral supplements to grazing animals to maintain growth rates and manage animal health disorders, similar to conventional grazing cereals. This paper discusses the role perennial cereals could play in a sustainable expansion of the cropping zone in south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Heat and Drought Stress Impact on Phenology, Grain Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnae Choukri ◽  
Kamal Hejjaoui ◽  
Adil El-Baouchi ◽  
Noureddine El haddad ◽  
Abdelaziz Smouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a protein-rich cool-season food legume with an excellent source of protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. With climate change, heat, and drought stresses have become more frequent and intense in lentil growing areas with a strong influence on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil. For this purpose, 100 lentil genotypes from the global collection were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) among lentil genotypes for phenological traits, yield components, and grain quality traits. Under no stress conditions, mineral concentrations among lentil genotypes varied from 48 to 109 mg kg−1 for iron (Fe) and from 31 to 65 mg kg−1 for zinc (Zn), while crude protein content ranged from 22.5 to 32.0%. Iron, zinc, and crude protein content were significantly reduced under stress conditions, and the effect of combined heat-drought stress was more severe than heat stress alone. A significant positive correlation was observed between iron and zinc concentrations under both no stress and stress conditions. Based on grain yield, crude protein, and iron and zinc concentrations, lentil genotypes were grouped into three clusters following the hierarchical cluster analysis. Promising lentil genotypes with high micronutrient contents, crude protein, and grain yield with the least effect of heat and drought stress were identified as the potential donors for biofortification in the lentil breeding program.

Managing competitive interactions to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in semi-arid south-eastern Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Hacker ◽  
Ian D. Toole ◽  
Gavin J. Melville ◽  
Yohannes Alemseged ◽  
Warren J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

Treatments to reduce available soil nitrogen and achieve specified levels of weed control were evaluated for their capacity to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in a degraded semi-arid woodland in central-western New South Wales. Treatments were factorial combinations of nitrogen-reduction levels and weed-control levels. The four levels of nitrogen reduction were no intervention, and oversowing of an unfertilised summer crop, an unfertilised winter crop or an unfertilised perennial grass. The three weed-control levels were defined by the outcome sought rather than the chemical applied and were nil, control of annual legumes and control of all annual species (AA). Regeneration of perennial grasses, predominantly Enteropogon acicularis, was promoted most rapidly by the AA level of weed control with no introduction of sown species. Sown species negated the benefits of weed control and limited but did not prevent the regeneration of native perennials. Sown species also contributed substantially to biomass production, which was otherwise severely limited under the AA level of weed control, and they were effective in reducing soil nitrogen availability. Sown species in combination with appropriate herbicide use can therefore maintain or increase available forage in the short–medium term, permit a low rate of native perennial grass recruitment, and condition the system (by reducing soil mineral nitrogen) for more rapid regeneration of native perennials should annual sowings be discontinued or a sown grass fail to persist. Soil nitrate was reduced roughly in proportion to biomass production. High levels of soil nitrate did not inhibit native perennial grass regeneration when biomass was suppressed by AA weed control, and may be beneficial for pastoral production, but could also render sites more susceptible to future invasion of exotic annuals. The need for astute grazing management of the restored grassland is thus emphasised. This study was conducted on a site that supported a remnant population of perennial grasses. Use of the nitrogen-reduction techniques described may not be appropriate on sites where very few perennial grass plants remain.

scholarly journals ACTION OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH REGULATORS ON STRUCTURE INDICES OF WHITE LUPIN GRAIN YIELD AND ITS QUALITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Герман ЯГОВЕНКО ◽  
German YaGOVENKO ◽  
Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО ◽  
Tat'yana YaGOVENKO ◽  
Наталья ЗАЙЦЕВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Structure Indices

Effect of exogenous growth regulators on structure indices of grain yield and its quality of white lupin varieties Dega and Alyi parus are presented. Comparative analysis of action of chemicals Circon, Epin-extra, Gibberellin, Zavyaz on implementation of pod forming potential, plant productivity, number of pods, seeds per a plant and 1000 seed weight is given. The tested varieties differed in response degree to action of the chemicals. It’s established that the tested chemicals increased the yield of var. Dega by 6.0–7.2% (average during research years). The average increasing of the yield of var. Alyi parus made 20.6–22.0%. In addition it was noticed that the tested chemicals increased the seed size of main stem. Crude protein content in seeds of the var. Dega was 34.7–37.2%; of the var. Alyi parus it was 36.9–37.8%. After the treatment with these chemicals the tendency to increasing of this parameter has been no-ticed. Growth regulators have positive action on elements of white lupin yield structure. The plant productivity increasing made 5.0–10.0% after treatment of growth regulators, after double treatment it made 17.0–28.0%. Seed number growth took place also. In case of double treatment with Epin-extra this index of var. Alyi parus was the highest and made 17.3% compared to the standard and to the treatment with Zavyaz — 22.8%.

scholarly journals Produksi dan Kandungan Nutrien Beberapa Varietas Sorgum Hybrid dengan Jarak Tanam Berbeda sebagai Sumber Pakan

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hajar Hajar ◽  
Luki Abdullah ◽  
Didid Diapari
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Matter Production

Sorghum feed is a type of cereal plant that has potential use as animal feed or forage. The reseach aim was to evaluate production and nutritional quality of some sorghum hybrid varieties, and determined the optimal spacing of sorghum plants. This research was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with 6 treatments and four replications. The first factor was the varieties of 12FS9006, 13FB7001 and 12S49001. The second factor was space of 25x25cm and 25x40 cm. The variables were fresh and dry matter of biomass production and also nutrient (ash, crude fiber, crude protein, Neutral Detergen Fiber and Acid Detergen Fiber. Sorghum varieties had significant effect (p<0.05) to fresh biomass production, dry matter biomass production, ash, crude ϐiber and crude protein). The space had a significant effect (p<0.05) to the dry matter production of biomass and crude fiber. The average variety of fresh biomass plant production was (18.90 tons ha-1), dry matter production of biomass was (4 ton ha-1), ash (5.51%), crude ϐiber (30.90%) and crude protein (8.45%). The average dry matter production was 4.34 tons ha-1 and crude ϐiber 29.96%. It can be concluded that the highest production and the best nutrient quality of sorghum hybrid was obtained at the sorghum variety of 12S49001, the distance of 25x25cm was the best plant space for hybrid sorghum production

Digestible energy content of meat meals and meat and bone meals for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of 14 meat meals and meat and bone meals produced from different regions in eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationship between digestible energy content and chemical constituents in the meals was investigated.2. Digestible energy ranged from 9·4 to 13·9MJ/kg (air-dry basis). This variation in digestible energy was best described by the regression equation:3. Simpler equations, with only gross energy or crude protein and ether extract were:4. Digestibility of the energy and crude protein in the meals ranged from 0·63 to 0·77 and 0·73 to 0·91 respectively. These variations were not related to any of the major chemical constituents of the meals.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE BULKY FEEDS IS THE BASE OF ADEQUATE DIETS FOR HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE LIVESTOCK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Владимир Клименко ◽  
Vladimir Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Main Factor

At present we obtain the stable increasing of livestock milk productivity in Russia, but in the same time there is reduction of cows number and deficit of milk production that resolved only by import for 15–25%. The main factor, limited the gain of milk production volumes, is low quality of bulky feeds, the base of livestock rations, the portion of which is compound more than 50% on nutritiousness. Moreover, bulky feeds determine the type of feeding, quantity and quality of including mixed concentrate fodders, bio-additives and feed additives in diets. Experience of advanced specialized farms shows, that Holstein cows able to give 10–12 thousand kg of milk during lactation, whereas Ayrshire cattle — 7.5–8 thousand kg of milk if silage and haylage in diet conforms to requirements of 1 category and contains not less 10 MJ of metabolized energy (9 MJ for hay) and more than 14% of crude protein. Low quality of balky feeds is compensated by exceeding of concentrates in diets, that due negative influence on animal health and decrease the terms of their productive use to 2–2.5 lactations. The enhancing of bulky feeds quality is possible at state supporting of milk branch and realization the complex measures in farms, directed on application the advanced technologies of forage crops cultivation and harvesting, effective approaches of its processing and preservation.

scholarly journals Grain production, fatty acid and oil profile from sunflower cultivars receiving different boron doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiziene Soares Alves ◽  
Larissa Gasparelo Morais ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Diego de Mello Conde de Brito ◽  
André Marques dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Boron Fertilization

Among the main factors that affect the productivity of crops is deficiency of nutrients. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and sunflower is one of the most sensitive plants to deficiency of the element. Its inadequate supply can impair sunflower plants’ metabolism and grain and oil yield. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different boron doses on the production of sunflower grains and the content and quality of the oil obtained from them. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme with three cultivars (Helio251, BRS323, BRS324) and four B doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 8.0 kg ha-1). Two harvests were performed, the first in the R5 reproductive stage and the second at the end of the R9 cycle. In both cases, the levels of B in the capitulum were measured. At the end of the cycle, the grain yield, crude protein and oil content in the grains and fatty acid profile were analyzed. The cultivars responded differently to the treatments with B. The boron fertilization influenced the grain yield and oil content, but was not correlated with the profile of the majority unsaturated fatty acids and crude protein in the grains. Variations were observed in the fatty acid profile between the cultivars, an important aspect that needs to be evaluated according to the purpose of the production. In soil with lower availability of B, cultivar BRS323 was most efficient in B uptake, grain yield and oil content and quality.

scholarly journals Effects of plant population and row spacing on grain yield of aerial-sown and drill-sown rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
J. Brinkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Objective guidelines about plant population are essential to ensure that yield potential of rice grain is not compromised. Drill-sowing of rice is increasing in popularity in many rice-growing regions of the world in response to a requirement for increased water productivity, but little information is available on row-spacing widths required to maximise grain yield potential. This research investigated the impacts of plant population on grain yield and yield components for aerial- and drill-sown rice, and the effects of row-spacing width for drill-sown rice grown in a temperate environment. Ten aerial-sown and five drill-sown experiments were conducted in south-eastern Australia over three seasons using four semi-dwarf rice varieties. Plant populations ranged from 7 to 396 plants m–2. Plant populations as low as 30 plants m–2 were able to achieve grain yields &gt;12 t ha–1 but only when the plants were uniformly distributed. At a population of ~100 plants m–2, the impact of plant-stand distribution was negligible. Grain yield was maintained across a large range of plant populations, mainly through compensatory effects of more tillers per plant and more grains per panicle at lower plant populations. For aerial-sown rice, maximum grain yield (up to 14.9 t ha–1) was always achieved with a minimum plant population of 100 plants m–2, and likewise for drill-sown rice provided the row spacing was ≤27 cm. At equivalent plant populations, 36-cm row spacing produced lower grain yield than narrower row spacings. When large gaps existed between plants within the rows, neighbouring plants could not compensate for the gap at the wider 36-cm row spacing, and grain yield was reduced. A practical optimal plant population of 100–200 plants m–2 was found to be suitable for the semi-dwarf varieties used in this study for both aerial- and drill-sowing methods.

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