A note on the relationship between the digestible dry matter and the digestible energy content of ruminant diets

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
The Relationship

The digestible energy content (y, in Calories per gram) of a wide range of foodstuffs for ruminants may be accurately estimated from the dry matter digestibility (x per cent) by the regression y = 0.0467 x - 0.158 (r = 0.998). It follows that dry matter digestibility itself is a simple and accurate description of the digestible energv content of foodstuffs for ruminants.

Digestible energy of wheat and oat grains when fed to sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

In pen feeding trials with eight Merino wethers, digestion coefficients were estimated for rations of cereal chaff-wheat grain-oat grain mixture, and wheat grain and oat grain fed separately at two levels of intake. Digestion coefficients for wheat and oat grain fed at 675 g/day in a double crossover experiment were dry matter 89.4, 80.8 per cent, organic matter 90.1, 82.6 per cent, protein 82.3, 77.6 per cent, ether extract 84.1, 90.9 per cent, crude fibre 33.2, 59.9 per cent, nitrogen free extractives 93.2, 85.8 per cent, energy 88.1, 81.0 per cent, total digestible nutrients 91.6, 87.1 per cent, and starch equivalents 90.7, 85.7. When these grains were fed at 785 g/day there was about 10 per cent improvement in crude fibre digestibility for both grains and 1-2 per cent improvement for other estimations with oats but not with wheat. The gross energy content of the wheat and oat grains when fed at 675 g/day was 4407 and 4700 calories/g dry matter. The digestible energy of the wheat in calories/g dry matter and organic matter was 3869 � 30, 3933 � 30 and for oats 3791 � 59, 3910 � 61. When fed at 785 g/day these values for wheat were 3850 � 50,3911 � 51 and for oats 3796 � 34, 3913 � 51. A highly significant relationship was found between energy and dry matter digestibility which for wheat diets was Y = 1.074x 7.840. r = 0.993 (P<0.001), and for oats and the mixed diet of cereal chaff-oat grain-wheat grain, Y = 0.983x + 1.550. r = 0.996 (P<0.001) where Y = energy and X = dry matter digestibility and r = the coefficient of correlation. Because of the similar digestible energy content of, and the body weight gains of sheep on, these two grains it was concluded that under the present conditions these grains were equivalent weight for weight.

Metabolisable energy content of diets based on oats grain

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
VH Oddy ◽  
CL Ewoldt ◽  
AW Jones ◽  
HM Warren
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Difference

The metabolisable energy (ME) content of a range of oats-based diets, encompassing a wide range in dry matter digestibility of oat grain, was measured at maintenance in sheep. Dry matter digestibility was 66-82% and ME content was 11.4-15.9 MJ/kg DM for the range of oats-based diets studied. Chaffed lucerne hay, used as a control diet, had a dry matter digestibility of 61% and ME content of 9.7 MJ/kg DM. The ratio of ME to digestible energy content of oats diets was 0.88, compared with 0.81 for chaffed lucerne hay. The difference between the diets based on oats grain and chaffed lucerne hay was accounted for by increased urine energy and nitrogen loss on the lucerne diet and not by reduced methane output on oats-based diets. Cell wall organic matter and lignin content of the oats-based diets were strongly correlated with diet digestibility (r2 = 0.79-0.90).

The energy values and nutritive value indices of Digitaria decumbens, Sorghum almum, and Phaseolus atropurpureus

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens

Two subtropical grasses, Digitaria decumbens and Sorghum almum, and one legume, Phaseolus atropurpureus (var. Siratro), cut at different ages were fed to sheep indoors to measure voluntary intake and apparent energy digestibility. Energy values of dry matter ranged from 4.11 to 4.48 kcal/g and those of organic matter from 4.47 to 4.94 kcal/g. There was a positive correlation between the energy value of organic matter and the crude protein content (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). The apparent digestibility of feed energy was correlated with species, age, and dry matter digestibility but there were significant differences between the regression equations for each species. Age was the most important factor determining the digestible energy content of the three species, and the energy value of digestible organic matter varied from 3.860 to 4.801 kcal/g. This value was positively correlated with protein content. The intake of digestible energy (kcal/kg0.75) was approximately four times as great for young cuts as for mature cuts of both grasses. Nutritive value index (N.V.I.) was closely correlated with the intake of digested energy for the three species (r > 0.998, P < 0.001), but the regression coefficient for S. almum was significantly different from those for D. decumbens and P. atropurpureus. The relative merits of the digestible energy and N.V.I. methods of expressing the energy value of pasture are discussed, and it is concluded that digestible energy is the more suitable method.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBLE ENERGY IN FORAGE BYIN VIVOANDIN VITROASSAYS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Forage of six pure species was harvested for hay at several maturity stages during four years. The digestible energy content of 102 different lots of hay was determined by feeding to four groups of sheep during the same period, and by in vitro digestions and energy analysis of the undigested residues. The relationship between digestible energy content assayed by the two methods was highly significant (r = 0.85) and did not differ between years and species. Exclusion from regression of the hays containing less than 2 or more than 3 digestible kcal/g revealed that the in vitro assay could reproduce the in vivo digestible energy value with a standard deviation of 0.31 in over 70% of the hays. This represented the maturity and quality range of forage commonly fed to cattle and sheep. The in vitro assay therefore appeared promising for commercial quality determinations.

scholarly journals GRAIN SCREENINGS AS A DIETARY COMPONENT FOR PIGS AND SHEEP. II. ANIMAL UTILIZATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
J. LITSKY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Animal Utilization

The digestibility of four types of grain screenings, No. 1 screenings, rapeseed screenings, mixed feed oats and refuse screenings was measured with pigs, rats and sheep. For the pig diets, hammermilled screenings replaced 60% of a complete basal diet, with the exception of the rapeseed screenings, where replacement level was 10% (hammermilled) and 20% (whole). Digestibility values were determined by difference. In the rat diets screenings were incorporated to provide 1.5 g N 100 g−1 dry matter (DM) and the biological value (BV) of the protein was also measured. In the sheep diets, all screenings except rapeseed were provided as the sole dietary component, with the No. 1 feed screenings and the mixed feed oats pelleted without prior grinding and the other screenings ground before pelleting. For rapeseed screenings, incorporation in the sheep diets was at a level of 30%. For No. 1 screenings, apparent digestibility of organic matter (OMD) and nitrogen (ND) for pigs was 82.3 and 83.2%, respectively; BV for rats was 77.4%, while OMD and ND for sheep was 73.9 and 72.7%, respectively. For rapeseed screenings, OMD and ND for pigs for the hammermilled screenings were 46.1 and 50.7%, respectively, and for the whole screenings were 30.3 and 11.5%, respectively. Biological value (rats) was 80.0%, while for sheep OMD and ND it was 63.9 and 77.4%, respectively. For mixed feed oats, OMD and ND for pigs were 63.8 and 82.6%, respectively; BV (rats) was 61.1% and OMD and ND for sheep were 64.2 and 73.4%, respectively. For refuse screenings, OMD and ND for pigs were 63.8 and 65.4%, respectively; BV (rats) was 83.8%, while OMD and ND for sheep were 59.9 and 65.3%, respectively. Number 1 feed screenings are of a high nutritive value and are suitable as a grain for both pigs and sheep. Unprocessed rapeseed screenings are unpalatable for pigs with both dry matter and protein poorly utilized. With sheep, pelleted rapeseed screenings are readily accepted, and the nitrogen is well digested. If mixed feed oats are ground, protein is well digested by both species although dry matter digestibility is low. Refuse screenings appear to be suitable only for ruminant diets. Key words: Grain, wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, screenings

The effect of dietary concentrations of digestible energy on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
P. D. Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARYFifty-four pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age were allocated at an average weight of 5·4 kg to two experiments to examine the effects of diets having digestible energy (DE) concentrations ranging from 2910 to 3940 kcal/kg.In the first experiment pig growth performance and the dry-matter digestibility of the experimental diets were measured between 3 and 8 weeks of age. The composition of the carcass at 8 weeks of age was correlated with the composition of various carcass joints.In the second experiment pig growth performance was measured over the live-weight range 5-4 to 20 kg.The findings were:1. Growth rate was linearly related to DE intake.2. The optimum DE level for maximum growth was 3640 kcal/kg.3. The efficiency of utilization of DE for growth did not vary in the first experiment but was poorest at a DE concentration of 3245 kcal/kg in the second.4. The DE content of the diet had no significant effect on carcass characteristics at 8 weeks of age in the first experiment or at 20 kg live weight in the second.5. The proportion of fat and lean in the 8-week carcass was significantly (P < 0·01) correlated with that of the shoulder joint.

Seed yield and nutritive value of dry, mature subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Ru ◽  
J. A. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range

The nutritive value of 26 cultivars of dry, mature subterranean clover was evaluated at Shenton Park, Perth, Western Australia. The cultivars were divided into 3 maturity groups according to flowering time and each cultivar was sown in blocks comprising 4 replicates. The plots were grazed by sheep at 2-week intervals during the growing season. Dry mature plant material and soil were sampled in summer to examine the effect of grazing and cultivar on seed yield and nutritive value of feed residues. Cultivars heavily grazed in spring had a low herbage mass. There was no difference in seed yield and seed weight between heavily and lightly grazed cultivars. Dry matter digestibility and mineral content of dry residues was inconsistent for the 2 grazing treatments. The dry matter digestibility of dry, mature subterranean clover ranged from 40 to 56%, with a wide range of crude fibre, nitrogen and mineral content for the 26 cultivars. While most minerals in the dry residues were above the requirement for sheep, 7 cultivars had a zinc content less than the maintenance requirement for sheep. There was an imbalance for all cultivars in calcium: phosphorus with a range of 4–10: 1. Concurrent estimates on the yield and composition of seed indicated that seed can be resource of minerals for grazing animals in summer. Most cultivars had a seed yield over 100 g/m2 with that of 9 cultivars being over 130 g/m2. Seed was rich in nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and copper, and poor in sodium, calcium and manganese. However, there were no cultivars with an appropriate ratio of calcium and phosphorus. The imbalance in nitrogen and sulfur was a result of high nitrogen content with the ratio ranging from 19: 1 to 29: 1.

The effect of density of planting on the growth of two Phaseolus vulgaris varieties in England

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Lucas ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pod Photosynthesis ◽  
Number Of Branches

SummaryThe growth and development of two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (Purley King and Limelight) were compared in two experiments in 1973 and 1974 at a range of planting density from 20 to 100 seeds/m2. Within this range, the relationship between seed yield and density in Purley King was asymptotic, although there was a suggestion that if even higher densities had been tested, a downward trend in yield might have occurred. The optimum density of planting for Purley King in Expt 1 was 50 seeds/m2 while that for Limelight was 40 seeds/m2. The corresponding densities in Expt 2 were 75 and 50 seeds/m2 respectively. Although number of branches per plant generally decreased with increasing density, there was no significant density effect on the number of nodes per plant. Thus stabilization of seed yield occurred even at quite low densities. Although in the low-density treatments, less vegetative tissue was produced, the peak of dry-matter yield occurred later after flowering and the slower subsequent senescence ensured the presence of active photosynthetic tissue throughout the pod-fill stage. Less pod retention occurred at high density which, combined with the ability of widely spaced plants to produce pods over a longer period, resulted in a similar number of pods per unit area over a wide range of density.Although the variety Purley King produced more than double the number of mature pods from its extra nodes and branches, it was outyielded by Limelight by 35% from the combined effect of more seeds per pod and a higher mean seed weight. Limelight also produced this high yield with less vegetative tissue. In both varieties it appeared that pod photosynthesis could take place, in Purley King because the pods were borne on higher nodes above the canopy and in Limelight due to the earlier senescence of its smaller leaf area. However, in spite of the apparent physiological advantages of Limelight, the pods are not borne high enough on this plant to enable satisfactory mechanical harvesting.

Evaluation of some annual Trifolium spp. under irrigation

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Kelly ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Germinable Seed ◽  
Early Establishment

Eighteen annual species (38 lines) of the genus Trifolium were sown in 1982 as nursery plots to evaluate their potential under irrigation at Kyabram in northern Victoria. A wide range in plant habit, plant growth and flowering time was observed both within and between species. This experiment was used to select species for further agronomic evaluation; those selected were T. balansae CPI45856, T. purpureum cv. Paratta, T. resupinatum cv. Maral and the subterranean clover species T. brachycalycinum cv. Clare, T. subterraneum cv. Woogenellup and T. yanninicum cv. Trikkala. Pure swards of T. balansae, T. resupinatum and a mixture of subterranean clover cultivars were sown on five occasions in 1983. The first four sowings were established by irrigation on 7 February, 28 February, 21 March and 11 April; the fifth was sown on 20 June. T. purpureum was included only on 28 February and 20 June. Establishment was low (35% of germinable seed sown) at the first two times of establishment, when temperatures and evaporation rates were high. Early establishment increased the productivity of all species, by increasing autumn-winter production with only slight indications of a decline in spring growth. Spring productivity of T. resupinatum was superior to all other species. Irrigation into early summer maintained the growth of T. resupinatum but not of the other species. Data on growth rates, in vitro dry matter digestibility and nitrogen content are also presented.

The use of the in vitro fermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages: III. The effect of periodical renewal of medium on volatile fatty acid production and cellulose digestion in vitro as criteria of energy content

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
K. El-Shazly ◽  
M. A. Naga ◽  
M. A. Abaza ◽  
A. R. Abou Akkada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Digestible Energy

SUMMARYEleven forages of known digestible energy/kg dry matter (Naga & el-Shazly, 1963) were used in in vitro fermentation experiments. Direct determinations of digestible energy (D.E./kg D.M.) using the bomb calorimeter were also included, and the values were corrected for gas losses.In vitro fermentations were interrupted every 12, 8 and 6 h, the medium was renewed and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and cellulose digestion were estimated. Volatile fatty acid production from legumes was high early in the fermentation periods and became lower in later periods. Non-legumes behaved in an opposite manner.Significant negative correlation coefficients between VFA production and D.E./kg D.M. were found for legumes at later intervals of fermentation, while correlation coefficients for non-legumes lost their significance at later periods of fermentation.Digestible energy/kg dry matter could best be predicted for legumes from the volatile fatty acids produced in the second 12 h fermentation period or from the sum of the VFA produced in second, third and fourth 6 h periods of fermentation.

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