Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 4. The use of faecal and blood phosphorus for the estimation of phosphorus intake

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

In two experiments measurements were made of the phosphorus content of faeces and blood of penned Angus steers which received diets containing different amounts of phosphorus. In experiment 1, mature carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) hay was supplemented with different amounts of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and in experiment 2, different mixtures of carpet grass hay and lucerne hay were given. Phosphorus intake (X) was related to total daily faecal phosphorus excretion (YT) by the equation: YT= 2.442 + 0.289 � 0.234 (r2 = 0.96; P < 0.001) It is therefore possible to estimate phosphorus intake (X) from total daily faecal phosphorus excretion from the equation : X = 3.460 YT- 8.450 Because the constant 8.450 will vary with the size of the cattle, both variables should be expressed in units of metabolic body weight SO that the prediction equation then is : Xc = 3.401 Yc - 0.1 73 When the regression equation calculated for cattle from these experiments was compared with that calculated for sheep the differences in the slopes of the two regressions suggested that sheep may be more efficient than cattle in retaining phosphorus when intakes of this nutrient are low. Regressions relating phosphorus intake to phosphorus content of faecal dry matter and organic matter differed for the two experiments (P < 0.05) but residual variability was significantly reduced when dry matter digestibility was included as a second independent variable. Plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration was significantly related to phosphorus intake (P < 0.05) but the relationship varied (P < 0.05) depending on the time of day at which samples were collected.

A note on the relationship between the digestible dry matter and the digestible energy content of ruminant diets

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
The Relationship

The digestible energy content (y, in Calories per gram) of a wide range of foodstuffs for ruminants may be accurately estimated from the dry matter digestibility (x per cent) by the regression y = 0.0467 x - 0.158 (r = 0.998). It follows that dry matter digestibility itself is a simple and accurate description of the digestible energv content of foodstuffs for ruminants.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep. III. The relationship between phosphorous intake and resorption and repair of the skeleton in pregnancy and lactation

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benzie ◽  
A. W. Boyne ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno ◽  
J. Duckworth ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. The ash content of the skeleton of Cheviot ewes fed a daily ration containing about 4·5 g. of phosphorus fell by 18·8% between mid-gestation and mid-lactation, and 2 months after the end of lactation the loss was fully replaced.2. In ewes fed a daily ration containing about 1·5 g. of phosphorus the loss of skeletal ash was 39·9% at mid-lactation, and this was not replaced 2 months after the end of lactation. When the phosphorus intake was raised in mid-lactation from 1·5 to 4·5 g. repair was greater but was still not complete.3. Resorption was greater in bones rich in cancellous tissue, such as the cervical vertebrae, than in those rich in compact tissue, such as the shafts of long bones, but when severe resorption took place significant losses were found in the shafts of long bones as well as in other bones.4. Whole blood inorganic phosphorus values were very low, particularly during lactation, in ewes fed on the low-phosphorus ration. When extra phosphorus was fed from mid-lactation onwards blood phosphorus values rose to normal in less than four weeks, a much more rapid recovery than that which took place in the skeleton.5. Resorption of the skeletons of ewes on both moderate and low-phosphorus rations could be detected using radiographs taken of the radius in the living animal at mid-lactation, and severe resorption found in ewes fed on the low-phosphorus ration could be distinguished readily from the milder resorption found in ewes fed on the moderate-phosphorus ration.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS OF HERBAGE AND THEIR DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. A. Tilley ◽  
R. A. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Relationship

Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ding ◽  
M. Oba ◽  
M. L. Swift ◽  
M. Edney ◽  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Seed Hardness ◽  
The Relationship

Ding, S., Oba, M., Swift, M. L., Edney, M., O'Donovan, J. T., McAllister, T. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 299–303. An in situ study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD) and seed hardness or malting characteristics of barley grain. Samples were selected for low and high values of seed hardness index (53 vs. 65; N = 18), beta-glucan content in wort (122 vs. 316 ppm; N = 18), diastatic power (146 vs. 203°L; N = 18), and friability (46 vs. 81%; N = 18) in malt, and incubated in the rumen of three beef heifers for 4, 12 and 48 h. In situ DMD did not vary with beta-glucan concentration or friability. However, barley grain with low seed hardness had lower (P = 0.02) in situ DMD than those with high seed hardness after 4 h of incubation. The barley samples with low diastatic power also had (P = 0.02) higher DMD than with high diastatic power after 4 h, a trend (P = 0.07) that continued after 12 h of incubation. Seed hardness and malting characteristics may have the potential to predict DMD of barley grain in the rumen. However, observed differences in in situ DMD were relatively minor, and we did not detect a relationship between malting characteristics and in situ DMD at longer incubation times. This suggests that the identified grain physical and malt parameters may impact the rate, but not the extent of barley grain digestion in the rumen.

Influence of phosphorus content on feed intake and weight gain in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ozanne ◽  
DB Purser ◽  
KMW Howes ◽  
I Southey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In two experiments penned sheep were fed the dry residues from subterranean clover based pastures. Phosphorus levels in the pelleted residues, produced by varying the rate of superphosphate application, ranged from 0.07 to 0.23 per cent. In addition, a high phosphorus ration was produced by the addition of inorganic phosphate salts. This supplement raised the phosphorus concentration from 0.07 to 0.30 per cent of dry matter. In both experiments, increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the dry feed by higher fertilizer rates resulted in: increased dry matter intake; increased percentage of dry matter digested (at least in one experiment) ; more phosphorus retained by the sheep (although on feed containing 0.1 1 per cent phosphorus or less, losses still exceeded gains) ; and increased body weight gains. Increasing the phosphorus content of the feed by use of an inorganic supplement gave: a smaller increase in dry matter intake; decreased digestibility; positive phosphorus balances; and an increase in body weight gain of about half that given by unsupplemented feed high in phosphorus. The results indicate that for maximum animal production, phosphorus concentrations needed in the dry feed are higher than those produced by fertilizing legume-based pastures at the lowest rate that gives maximum dry matter production. Near linear responses in body weight gains were obtained up to phosphate fertilizer rates of about three times those needed for maximum pasture yield.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of sugar cane oxide treated with calcium

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Romão ◽  
G.G.P. Carvalho ◽  
V.M. Leite ◽  
A.S. Santos ◽  
D.M.T. Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to identify the most adequate level of calcium oxide (CaO) in the treatment of sugar cane by evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. The sugar cane was homogenized with CaO levels 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5%, in natura matter, for 24 hours. The dry matter and mineral matter increased, while the organic matter of the sugar cane decreased (P <0.05) linearly as a result of the CaO levels. The CaO had no effect on the levels of crude protein and ether extract. The phosphorus concentration remained unchanged, but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the calcium content. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased linearly with the levels of CaO. The average levels of indigestible dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased with increasing levels of CaO. The results showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was different between fresh sugar cane and sugar cane with added levels of CaO from 1.5%. The IVDMD and nutritional value of the sugar cane was improved by adding 1.5% CaO based on fresh content.

Efficiency with which yellow serradella and subterranean clover use superphosphate on a deep sandy soil near Esperance, Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Relationship

In 1984, the efficiency with which an early- and a late-flowering yellow serradella (cv. Pitman and strain DP4 respectively) and a subterranean clover (cv. Seaton Park) utilise phosphorus (P) from superphosphate was compared on a deep sandy soil near Esperance, W.A. Phosphorus applications ranged from 0 to 90 kg/ha P. For each legume there was an approximately linear relationship between the amount of P applied and either the yield of dry herbage and seed, or the P content of dry herbage. The efficiency with which each legume utilised applied P (kg/ha) was determined by calculating the slope of the relationships between dry matter production, or phosphorus content of this dry matter, and the amount of phosphorus applied; this varied according to the growth stage at which the legumes were sampled. Strain DP4 utilised P more efficiently to produce dry herbage, and Seaton Park to produce seed. Pitman was the least efficient at utilising P for dry herbage production in September, and Seaton Park in early October. For dry herbage production in September and early October, the relationship between yield and P content was similar for all 3 legumes, and yield depended on the amount of P present in the herbage. For each legume, the rate of phosphorus applied had no effect on seedling emergence, the period between sowing and commencement of flowering, senescence or the weight per seed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Forage Dry Matter Digestibility and Weight Gain by Dairy Heifers on Three Winter Grazing Crops

1954 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. McCullough ◽  
D.M. Baird ◽  
O.E. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on forage cell walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. McManus ◽  
M. L. Bigham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryFood intake prediction relationships were developed from in vitro dry-matter digestibility determinations on food and resultant faecal material for a number of diets ranging from low quality roughage to high quality irrigated pastures.The relationship between true digestibility in vitro and in vitro food dry-matter digestibility was curvilinear, although true digestibility of food dry matter in vivo was highly correlated with apparent digestibility of food dry matter in vivo. The latter relationship was linear.For 122 sheep observations on voluntary dry-matter intake incorporating 11 diet types, introduction of either of the terms, cell-wall concentration in food: cell-wall concentration in the resultant faeces (CWFo/CWFe), or its converse, into conventional faecal index relationships did not increase precision of intake prediction using faecal nitrogen as an indicator substance. However, significant intake prediction relationships using food:faeces cell-wall ratios were generated.Values for in vitro digestibility of food and resultant faeces dry matter expressed as either a ratio (R) or as a difference (delta) yielded useful prediction relationships. For ‘green’ and for ‘dry’ classifications of the feedstuff's investigated some of these new relationships were either equal to or superior to the predictive efficiency of conventional faecal index relationships.Reasons are discussed for use of maximum potential in vitro digestibility values for food and faecal dry matter in such relationships in future work rather than a conventional 48 h fermentation.

scholarly journals Response of ley plants to rock phosphate and superphosphate

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pentti Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Fractionation Procedure

The results of two field trials in which the efficiency of superphosphate phosphorus and rock phosphate (Hyperphosphate Reno) phosphorus were compared on a fine sand soil and a humus soil, did not show any differences in the dry matter yields produced by the two fertilizers within the experimental period including the nurse crop and three years of ley. The analyses of the hay yields harvested from the third year red clover-timothy ley, fairly poor in red clover, proved that the phosphorus content of the hay from the hyperphosphate plots was markedly lower than that of the hay from the superphosphate plots. The respective figures were 0.17 and 0.21 per cent P of dry matter, while the phosphorus content of the hay from the untreated plots was 0.15—0.16 per cent. Red clover seemed to be able to synthesize plant material equally rich in phosphorus both when feeding on superphosphate and when feeding on hyperphosphate. On the other hand, the grasses, in these cases mainly timothy, took up far less phosphorus from hyperphosphate than from superphosphate. The differences in the phosphorus content of the respective plant groups were almost exclusively due to differences in their content of inorganic phosphorus, or phosphorus determined as inorganic forms by the simple fractionation procedure employed. No effect of the different phosphate treatments on the content of ash, calcium, potassium, or nitrogen in the ley plants could be detected. The results of the present study corroborate the earlier observation that on a ley, poor in clover, rock phosphate may produce crops too low in phosphorus for the needs of domestic animals. The results also emphasize that it is important not to judge the response to phosphate fertilizers only on the basis of the dry matter yields.

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