Effects of row spacing on growth and grain yield of early and late sorghum cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
MA Foale
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The effects of row spacing on growth and yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) were investigated at a constant population density using 5 cultivars of different duration to flowering under dryland conditions in south-eastern Queensland. The row spacings were narrow (0.33 m), standard (1.0 m), and wide-double (1.67 + 0.33 m). Rainfall was plentiful during the tillering and grain filling stages of growth, but a severe water deficit developed at the boot-anthesis stage. The water stress impaired heading and grain set, and grain dry weight was low (40-190 g m-2), with earlier flowering cultivars producing higher yields. There was a cultivar x row spacing interaction for yield; in the earliest flowering cultivar Texas (610SR), which headed before severe stress developed, there was no significant effect of row spacing while in the other cultivars the yield was highest in double row and least in narrow row. There was no detectable difference in soil water available to the plants at any time during growth, but a slightly higher plant water status and faster phenological development in the wider row plants. These responses are related to the fact that the tiller production was least in double row and therefore individual stems had more water available to them.

scholarly journals Double-Double Row Planting Mode at Deficit Irrigation Regime Increases Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Xun Bo Zhou ◽  
Guo Yun Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Hai Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low water availability coupled with poor planting method has posed a great challenge to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. To improve productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) under deficit irrigation, an effective water-saving technology that is characterized by three planting modes has been developed (uniform with 30-cm row spacing (U), double-double row spacing of 5 cm (DD), and furrow-ridge row spacing of alternated 20 cm and 40 cm (F)) combined with three irrigation regimes (50 mm water each at growth stage 34 (GS34) and GS48 (W1), and 100 mm water at GS48 (W2), or 100 mm each water at GS34 and GS48 (W3)). Results showed that DD increased yield by 9.7% and WUE by 12.6% due to higher soil water status and less soil water depletion and evapotranspiration compared with U. Although the soil water status, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration, and yield increased with increasing irrigation amount, more soil water depletion and evapotranspiration resulted in low WUE. The deficit irrigation was beneficial for improving WUE as W1 had significantly increased yield by 5.4% and WUE by 7.1% compared with W2. Yield and evapotranspiration showed a quadratic dynamic equation indicating that yield increased with increasing evapotranspiration. Considering WUE and relatively higher yield under deficit water, W1 combined with DD is suggested to be a good management strategy to be applied in winter wheat of water-scarce regions.

scholarly journals Effects on Soybean Growth and Yield of Wheat-Soybean Intercropping System

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1498-1510
Author(s):  
Fernando Ross ◽  
Pablo Eduardo Abbate
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Narrow Row

It has been demonstrated that soybean (Glycine max) produces lower yields at relay intercropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum) than if it is sown as a sole crop. However, most studies considered wider or irregular soybean row spacing, compromising its capacity to recover after wheat harvest. This work studied the stress effects in relay soybean intercropping and suggests narrowing row spacing to improve soybean performance. The aims were (i) to compare growth and yield of two planting patterns and (ii) to separate the effect of water stress (WS) from the effects of other stress factors (OSF) induced by wheat on intercropping soybean. WS was evaluated comparing above-ground dry and grain yield of irrigated and non irrigated intercropping soybean, and OSF was evaluated comparing intercropping soybean with another treatment in which wheat straw (aerial biomass) was eliminated at soybean emergence, both irrigated treatments. In wheat, similar yields were obtained in treatments with an intercropping planting pattern with two rows for wheat and one for soybean (2:1) compared to three rows for wheat and one row for soybean (3:1). However, intercropping soybean at narrow row spacing (52 cm; 2:1) improve yielded 23% more than intercropping at 70 cm (3:1). During wheat-soybean coexistence, OSF prevailed on soybean and this effect persisted in later stages. After wheat harvest, OSF reduced the amount of light interception from R1 to R5 and depressed the crop growth rate (CGR) in 34%. However, in this period, WS also affected the radiation use efficiencies (RUE) which explained the greater fraction (66%) of the total stress induced by wheat in soybean CGR. Intercrop soybean yielded 182 g m-2 less compared to the unstressed sole crop control. Considering the wheat effects on soybean growth, 63% (116.5 g m-2) of the total yield lost were due to WS. Therefore, most of the performance of relay intercropping soybean was linked with water disponibility since early stages. However, at optimum water condition wheat competition by light and resources also affected soybean yield (OSF: 37%).

scholarly journals Shallot Growth and Yields Based on Ammonium:Nitrate Ratio on Coastal Sandy Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 064
Author(s):  
Wiji Safitri ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto ◽  
Stephen Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plot Design

Nitrogen was a key component for increasing yield and quality of vegetables like shallots. The growth and development of plants were influenced by nitrogen form. Common plants preferred nitrate for growth, but the enormity preference varies within plant species and other environmental factors. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ammonium:nitrate ratio in sandy soil to growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The experiment had been conducted in August-October 2015 in the sandy land on Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a Split-Plot design. The main plot was the source of nitrogen (NH4+; NO3-; NH4+: NO3- 1:1; NH4+: NO3- 1:2; and NH4+: NO3- 2:1) and the subplot was cultivars (Crok Kuning, Tiron, and Bima Brebes). Each subplot covered an area of 2.5 m² (2.5 m x 1 m) with three blocks as replications. Shallot bulbs were planted in sixth-row, spacing 20 cm between rows and 15 cm within rows. The dose was applied according to the recommendation of BPTP (urea 200 kg ha-1, ZA 250 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, and KCl 150 kg ha-1) 144.5 kg N ha-1. Ammonium:nitrate ratio influenced shallot growth in sandy soil through number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase and its leaf area. The NH4+: NO3- 1:2 ratio gave the best result in dry weight of leaves following bulb dry weight than other ratio. Nevertheless, ammonium:nitrate ratio had no significant influence on bulb dry weight (ton ha-1).

scholarly journals Effect of petrol and spent oil on the growth of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronke Justina Komolafe ◽  
Olatunde M. Akinola ◽  
Oludare James Agbolade
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Petroleum Pollutant

This study assessed the effect of petrol and spent lubricating oil on the major growth traits (such as root length, stem length, leaf area, and biomass), and the changes in epidermal layer of leaf and its mitotic index in Guinea Corn (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> L.) exposed to 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations of petrol and spent lubricating oil. Each concentration was mixed with 3 kg of soil in a plastic pot and each treatment was carried out in three replicates. Forty days after planting, the leaf areas of guinea corn plant were 95.83 cm2, 89.67 cm2, 89.47 cm2, and 77.80 cm2 in control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively of petrol pollutant. The means of stem length were 32.50±0.5 cm, 22.60±0.65 cm, 21.27±0.75 cm, 20.83±0.28 cm and 20.33±0.28 cm in control, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Both leaf area and stem length of treated seedlings reduced with increased concentration of the pollutants. Additionally, reduction in the dry weight of the seedlings increased with increasing concentration of both petrol and spent oil. The micrograph of the internal anatomy of the upper epidermal layers of the leaf revealed broken and scattered epidermal cells and smaller sizes of the stomata, and were increased with the increasing concentration of the treatment. Statistical analysis of the treatment shows that there was a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in the stem length and leaf area of the seedlings. This study revealed that petroleum pollutant adversely affected germination, growth and development of guinea corn but petroleum products like spent oil can provide nutrition necessary for growth and yield of plant at low concentration.

Effect of plant spacing on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) yield at Wollongbar, New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Trochoulias ◽  
EB Dettmann
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Single Row ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Tea yields were compared from single-row plots (2 m apart, 63-cm spacing within rows) and double-row plots planted at 2 different row spacings (2 m between row centres, rows 90 cm apart, plant spacing of 83 or 56 cm within rows), giving plant densities of 8 000, 12 000 and 18 000 bushes/ha. Over a 6-year period total dry weight yields from double-row plots (10.70 t/ha) were significantly higher than from single-row plots (8.21 t/ha), but there was no significant difference between yields from double-row plots with different within-row spacing.

scholarly journals Grain Sorghum Response to Row Spacing and Plant Populations in the Texas Coastal Bend Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Fernandez ◽  
Dan D. Fromme ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Two grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) studies were conducted in the Coastal Bend Region of Texas over a two-year period. In one study, sorghum growth and yield were compared when planted in a single row on beds or planted in twin rows on beds with different plant populations under dryland or irrigation. Above average rainfall occurred in May 2000 which resulted in twin rows at any plant population producing higher yields than the single row at lower plant population. In 2001, single-row plantings with either plant population (124,000–160,000 or 161,000–198,000 plants/ha) produced higher yield than twin rows planted at 161,000–198,000 plants/ha. Under irrigation, twin rows planted at 161,000–198,000 plants/ha produced higher yields than single row at the same population; however, no other yield differences were noted when row systems or plant populations were compared. In another study, 38 cm row spacings were compared with 76 cm row spacings under two plant populations. In 2000, when rains fell at an opportune time, no yield differences were noted; however, in 2001 with below average rainfall, the 76 cm plantings at 170,000–200,000 and 210,000–240,000 plants/ha produced higher yield than the 38 cm plantings at those same plant populations.

Growth and yield of highland maize in Mexico

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy ◽  
M. Colegrove
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Highland Maize ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Tropical Varieties

SUMMARYThe growth and yield of five highland varieties of tropical maize were studied. Grain yields were between 4·7 and 8·8 t/ha. Crop growth rates (C) increased to a maximum of between 25 and 35 g/m2/day at silking and then declined. Grain growth rates (maximum 21 g/m2/day) exceeded current C during most of the grain-filling period.After silking, when C exceeded grain growth rate, dry matter accumulated in the stem and husk, resulting in an increase of from 200 to 600 g/m2. Later, as grain growth rate increased and exceeded current C, some of this accumulated material was incorporated into the grain, and stem weight decreased. A comparison of the dry weight changes after flowering in these varieties with those reported for a hybrid that yielded 12 t grain/ha indicates that the smaller yield of the Mexican varieties was associated with smaller grain growth rates and the incorporation into the grain of a smaller fraction of the dry weight produced after flowering. These results suggest that the capacity of the grain ‘sink’ to utilize assimilates limited yields in the tropical varieties.

scholarly journals Breeding sunflower cultivars for the northern latitudes

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Walter Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Narrow Row

Development of short season sunflower hybrids has been the main objective of the Canadian sunflower breeding program. A gene pool created with 50 lines extracted from USSR open-pollinated varieties provided a good source of early inbred lines. The gene pool produced the lines CM447, CM469 and CM497 which were the basis for the superior early parental lines. Another early line, CM594, was extracted from Armavirec. CM447 and CM594 were converted to the cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) form, while CM469 and CM497 were used in the development of fertility-restorer lines. Hybrids from these lines and in combination with HA3O1, HA232, and NS39 resulted in up to 15 days earlier maturity than the standard hybrids, with good oil content, disease resistance and lodging resistance. An early dwarf hybrid. Sunwheat, developed by SeedTec shows good performance in late seeded tests, but it requires higher plant population and a narrow row spacing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Early Cropping on Subsequent Growth and Yield of Highbush Blueberry in the Establishment Years at Two Planting Densities is Cultivar Dependant

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1998-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine Strik ◽  
Gil Buller
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

The effect of early cropping (no removal of fruit buds the first two years) and in-row spacing (0.45 or 1.2 m) on growth and yield of `Duke', `Bluecrop', and `Elliott' northern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was studied. Plants were grown on raised beds for four years. No yield was produced on the control plants in the planting year (year 1) and year 2. Plant growth at the start of year 3 was adversely impacted by early cropping in years 1 and 2. Early cropping reduced the dry weight of the root system, crown, and 1- to 3-year-old wood in all cultivars. `Bluecrop' plants had less total dry weight than those of `Duke' or `Elliott'. Roots accounted for 30% to 45% of the total plant dry weight depending on cultivar. Early-cropped plants had a lower percentage of fruit buds than control plants. Early cropping reduced yield 44%, 24%, and 19% in year 3, compared to control plants, in `Elliott', `Duke', and `Bluecrop', respectively. Cumulative yield (years 1 through 4) was similar between control and early cropped plants in `Bluecrop' and `Duke', whereas early cropping reduced cumulative yield in `Elliott' 20% to 40%, depending on in-row spacing. Plants spaced at 0.45 m produced 62% to 140% more yield per hectare than those spaced at 1.2 m, depending on cultivar. `Elliott' plants seemed less suited to high density planting due to their large root system.

Growth and yield of lowland tropical maize in Mexico

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy ◽  
A. F. E. Palmer ◽  
D. W. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Tropical Varieties

SUMMARYThe growth and yield of three tropical varieties of maize were studied at two elevations in Mexico: Poza Rica (60m) and Tlaltizapan (940m). Grain yields were between 3·5 and 8·5 t/ha. The growing period was longer and the crop produced more dry weight and yield at Tlaltizapan than at Poza Rica. Crop growth rates (C) increased to a maximum of about 35 g/m2/day at both sites and then declined. Grain growth rates (maximum 35 g/m2/day) exceeded current C during most of the grain filling period. After silking when C exceeded grain growth, dry matter accumulated in the stem. Later as grain growth increased and exceeded C, some of the accumulated material was incorporated into the grain and stem weight decreased. The dry weight increase after flowering was similar at the two sites, but the grain yield at Tlaltiapan was larger because a larger proportion of the dry weight increase was incorporated into the grain than at Poza Rica. The results indicate that at both sites grain ‘sink’ capacity was limiting yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document