Differences in surface soil aggregation under six different crops

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Chan ◽  
DP Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Red Earth

The effects of lupin, field pea, barley, canola, linseed and lentil crops on the surface (0-0.10 m) aggregation of a red earth at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, were investigated in the field under identical cultivation and agronomic practices. Soil friability after cropping was in the order lupin > lentil > canola > field pea = linseed > barley. Both lupin and canola cropping produced significantly stronger aggregates (measured as tensile strength of the aggregates) than barley, lentil and field pea. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in water-stable macro-aggregation after growing the different crops. However, there was a significant (P<0.05) correlation between the tensile strength of the aggregates and amount of dispersed clay released from moist soil (-10 kPa), possibly indicating different abilities of crops to modify soil bondings affecting aggregate strength.

Tolerances of canola, field pea, lupin and faba bean cultivars to herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
RB Hinkley
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
New South ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Yield Responses

The grain yield responses of cultivars of canola, field pea, lupin and faba bean to the recommended rates and twice the recommended rates of pre- and post-emergence herbicides were examined in field trials conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, from 1986 to 1989. Significant (P<0.05) reductions in grain yield of some field pea cultivars resulted from the recommended rate of registered post-emergence herbicides: Cressy Blue (22%), Derrimut (20%) and Dundale (13%) with metribuzin (0.23 kg a.i./ha); Wirrega (26%) with cyanazine (1.0 kg a.i./ha); Wirrega (15%) and Maitland (13%) with methabenzthiazuron (0.6 kg a.i./ha). The canola lines Hyola 30 and BLC 198-82 also had significant reductions in yield (16-19%) from the recommended rate of clopyralid (0.09 kg a.i./ha). There were differences in cultivar (or advanced line) tolerance to other herbicides at twice the recommended rate: clopyralid (0.18 kg a.i./ha) applied post-emergence in canola; diflufenican (0.2 kg a.i./ha) and MCPA (0.75 kg a.i./ha) applied post-emergence in field pea; preemergence treatments of metribuzin (0.46 kg a.i./ha), cyanazine (3.0 kg a.i./ha) and simazine (3.0 kg a,i./ha), and post-emergence treatments of simazine (2.0 kg a.i./ha) and diflufenican (0.2 kg a.i./ha), in lupin. Faba bean cv. Fiord tolerated pre-emergence treatments of terbutryne (2.0 kg a.i./ha), prometryne (3.0 kg a.i./ha) and triallate (1.6 kg a.i./ha), and there was seasonal variation in faba bean tolerance to pre-emergence treatment with cyanazine (3 kg a.i./ha), metribuzin (0.42 kg a.i./ha) and simazine (2.0 kg a.i./ha). The crops tolerated the early post-emergence grass herbicides: clethodim (0.48 kg a.i./ha), diclofop-methyl (1.5 kg a.i./ha), fluazifop-P (0.21 kg a.i./ha), haloxyfop (0.156 kg a.i./ha), quizalofop (0.28 kg a.i./ha), sethoxydim (0.372 kg a.i./ha). Herbicides that were tested in field pea and found to have only marginal selectivity at the recommended rate (even though some cultivars were tolerant) were terbutryne + MCPA (0.4 + 0.15 kg a.i./ha), diuron (0.4 kg a.i./ha) and pyridate (1.35 kg a.i./ha). Pyridate was non-selective in canola, lupin and faba bean. Faba bean tolerance to glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) was achieved in 1989 if application was delayed from 11 to 15 weeks after sowing.

Effects of sowing time on growth and grain yield of lupin and field pea in south-eastern New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production

Cultivars of lupin and field pea were grown at different times over 4 years on a red earth at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, to assess the influence of sowing time on growth and production from each crop. The cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum) included Dinkum, Derrimut, Dunn, and Maitland; lupins used were Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Danja, Gungurru, and Geebung, and either the L. angustifolius line 75A/330 (1989-90) or L. albus cv. Ultra (1991-92). When autumn rain was sufficient to allow sowing, highest yield and dry matter production of lupin were gained by sowing from late April to 19 May. Yields declined with later sowing, though high spring-summer rainfall in 1992 reversed the decline. There was little difference between Danja, Gungurru, and Geebung, but these were usually higher yielding than the semi-dwarf 75Al330 when sown early. However, Ultra produced higher yields than the L. angustifolius cultivars in 1991 and 1992, particularly under high rainfall conditions. Early-sown crops (late April-mid May) of field peas were often severely infected with black spot blight and, in 1 year, with sclerotinia. In 1992 these diseases devastated all cultivars when sown on 1 May. Sowing later markedly reduced disease infection but also reduced grain yields and dry matter when sown after late June. The semi-leafless, semi-dwarf cultivar Dinkum was usually the lowest yielding and displayed the highest incidence of black spot blight.

The effect of plant size and developmental stage on summer survival of some perennial grasses

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hoen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Observations on summer survival in sown swards of a number of cultivars of Phalaris tuberosa L., P. coerulescens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Hordeum bulbosum L. were made at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, in two consecutive years with widely different rainfall patterns. In both years survival was higher among reproductive plants than among vegetative plants, and in both types of plants the largest individuals had the highest survival rates. In the abnormally dry year 1965 only a number of cultivars of cocksfoot had adequate survival rates. Some agronomic practices aimed at maximum survival over the first summer are discussed.

scholarly journals Subtle Changes or Dramatic Perceptions of Air Pollution in Sydney during COVID-19

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Peter Brimblecombe ◽  
Yonghang Lai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

The COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to limit the spread of the disease by enforcing human isolation, restricting travel and reducing social activities. Dramatic improvements to air quality, especially NO2, have often characterised places under COVID-19 restrictions. Air pollution measurements in Sydney in April 2019 and during the lockdown period in April 2020 show reduced daily averaged NO2 concentrations: 8.52 ± 1.92 and 7.85 ± 2.92 ppb, though not significantly so (p1~0.15) and PM2.5 8.91 ± 4.94 and 7.95 ± 2.64 µg m−3, again a non-significant difference (p1~0.18). Satellite imagery suggests changes that parallel those at ground level, but the column densities averaged over space and time, in false-colour, are more dramatic. Changed human mobility could be traced in increasing times spent at home, assessed from Google Mobility Reports and mirrored in decreased traffic flow on a major road, suggesting compliance with the restrictions. Electricity demand for the State of New South Wales was low under lockdown in early April 2020, but it recovered rapidly. Analysis of the uses of search terms: bushfires, air quality, haze and air pollution using Google Trends showed strong links between bushfires and pollution-related terms. The smoke from bushfires in late 2019 may well have added to the general impression of improved air quality during lockdown, despite only modest changes in the ground level measurements. This gives hints that successful regulation of air quality requires maintaining a delicate balance between our social perceptions and the physical reality.

Acidification of soils on a transect from plains to slopes, south western New-South-Wales

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Chartres ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
JA Beattie ◽  
GM Bowman ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
The West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Red Earth

Samples were collected from unimproved road reserves and adjacent paddocks on a 90 km transect crossing red-brown earth soils in the west and red earth soils in the east. Measurements of pH in water and CaCl2 indicated that the red earths have been acidified by approximately 0.5 pH units over the last 30-40 years. Small increases in CaCl2-extractable A1 were also recorded for the acidified red earths. The red-brown earths do not appear to have been markedly affected by soil acidification to date. Clay mineralogical data and measurements of cation exchange capacity of the <2 �m fraction indicate that red-brown earths are better buffered against acidification than red earths. However, small differences in management practices and rainfall along the transect may also be partially responsible for differences in acidification between soil types.

scholarly journals Evaluating the information content of National ASTER Geoscience Maps in the Wagga Wagga and Cobar regions of New South Wales

Preview ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (171) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hewson ◽  
David Robson
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Wales

The availability of mineral nitrogen in a wheat soil from southern New South Wales

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Storrier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
South Wales

In a red-brown earth soil from Wagga Wagga the fluctuations in the level of mineral nitrogen (ammonia plus nitrate-nitrogen) and its availability to wheat under growing period rainfalls of 6 inches and 16 inches were studied. Ammonia-nitrogen did not exceed 8 lb nitrogen per acre 6 inches but showed statistically significant short term fluctuations. Mineral nitrogen decreased steadily from the 4-5 leaf stage of plant growth, reaching minimum values in the ear-emergence period when a temporary nitrogen deficiency occurred. Following rainfalls of about one inch or more, conditions favoured biological activity and nitrogen was mineralized, absorbed by the crop and/or leached down the profile. In one season a release of mineral nitrogen about two weeks before flowering contributed an estimated 20-30 per cent of the total nitrogen uptake of the crop. Nitrogen uptake by the wheat crop ceased after flowering and subsequent changes in mineral nitrogen level reflect the net result of mineralization and demineralization processes, and nitrogen uptake by weeds, particularly skeleton weed. Absorption of nitrogen from the profile depended upon seasonal conditions, with the surface 18 inches suppling the greater part of the nitrogen absorbed by the crop. This indicates the need to sample regularly to at least a depth of 18 inches, particularly during the period from 4-5 leaf to flowering, when studying the relation between mineral nitrogen and crop growth. The data suggest that the response of wheat, as measured by grain yield and protein content, to the higher levels of mineral nitrogen in the improved soils of southern New South Wales is determined by soil moisture levels, particularly in the post-flowering period.

Performance of breeding ewes on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Lamb Growth

Pasture production, ewe and lamb growth, ewe wool production and diet quality were studied on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Lucerne was sown at rates of 0.75 to 3.0 kg/ha, and the pastures were rotationally grazed with Border Leicester x Merino ewes at 9.6 or 12.7 sheep/ha, the ewes lambing in August- September. Lucerne density declined by 45% over the 3 years on all treatments. The clover cultivar sown, Woogenellup, had low persistence, particularly at 12.7 sheep/ha. The density of lucerne had little effect on annual wool and lamb production, although the ewes grew faster on the denser lucerne in summer and the sparser lucerne in winter. At 12- 7 sheep/ha, there was an extra 19% total lamb weight by the end of November and an extra 22% of finer wool (1 �m) annually, but the fleeces had a higher proportion of wool tenderness. The major limitations of the lucerne-subterranean clover pastures to sheep production were the low quality of the diet in early summer, and low pasture production in late winter. In early summer the lucerne was rapidly consumed, leaving only moderate quality clover and grass residues, which limited lamb growth, while in winter pregnancy toxaemia occurred, fleeces were tender and wool growth was low, particularly during a drought in 1976.

Effects of variable-intensity logging and the influence of habitat variables on the distribution of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans in montane forest, southeastern New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Rodney P. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Populations of arboreal marsupials were assessed in forests before and after logging at different levels of logging intensity to determine the sensitivity of these species to habitat disturbance. The logging treatments imposed were unlogged controls and two intensities of integrated logging for sawlogs and woodchips. The mean basal area of trees retained in logged blocks ranged from 83% to 35% of pre-logging levels. The objective of the study was to develop better methods for managing arboreal marsupials within the wood production forests of southeastern New South Wales. Seven species of arboreal marsupials were recorded during the study, but the Greater Glider Petauroides volans was the only species recorded in sufficient numbers for analysis (86% of all records). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in counts of the Greater Glider before and after logging. However, given the observed trend and an a priori expectation of a decline in numbers of this species following intensive logging, a one-tailed statistical test was applied which resulted in a significant difference at P = 0.08 for the contrast between the unlogged controls and the most intensively logged treatment. The existence of a threshold in logging intensity within the range of 21 % to 39% retention of tree basal area, below which numbers of the Greater Glider suffer a marked decline, was inferred on the basis of comparisons with the results of other studies. Factors other than logging were important in determining the distribution of the Greater Glider. Elevation, in particular, was a significant environmental variable, with Greater Gliders more likely to occur in forests above 845 m a.s.1. The presence and absence of particular tree species also influenced the distribution of the Greater Glider. Forests containing Manna Gum E. viminalis and Mountain Gum E. dalrympleana were highly preferred compared to forests with a high proportion of E. obliqua. The presence of E. cypellocarpa appeared to improve the quality of habitat for the Greater Glider in forests dominated by E. obliqua. This study has shown that Greater Glider populations can be maintained at or near pre-logging levels when at least 40% of the original tree basal area is retained thoughout logged areas and when the usual practice of retaining unlogged forest in riparian strips is applied.

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