scholarly journals A brief history of AAHL

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Paul Selleck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
International Reference ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exotic Animal

The CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) was officially opened on 1 April 1985. After that day the laboratory switched to secure mode and has operated as such ever since. AAHL was constructed to be the primary national diagnostic facility for exotic animal diseases but has expanded its role to become a national and international reference laboratory for many diseases. AAHL has supported disease control within the region by providing training, reagents and proficiency testing, both within Australia and internationally. AAHL’s role has evolved even further to include a focus on one-health which resulted in AAHL being renamed the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP) in March 2020.

scholarly journals Development of a curriculum for training in One Health analytical epidemiology at the University of Zambia

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Muma ◽  
Martin Simuunza ◽  
K. Mwachalimba ◽  
M. Munyeme ◽  
B. Namangala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
London School ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Recently, the world has witnessed emergence of novel diseases such as avian influenza, HIV and AIDS, West Nile Virus and Ebola. The evolution of these pathogens has been facilitated mainly by a constantly evolving animal-human interface. Whilst infectious disease control was previously conceptualised as either public health or animal health related issues, the distinction between disciplinary foci have been blurred by multiple causal factors that clearly traverse traditional disciplinary divides. These multiple evolutionary pressures have included changes in land use, ecosystems, human-livestock-wildlife interactions and antibiotic use, representing novel routes for pathogen emergence. With the growing realisation that pathogens do not respect traditional epistemological divides, the ‘One Health’ initiative has emerged to advocate for closer collaboration across the health disciplines and has provided a new agenda for health education. Against this background, the One Health Analytical Epidemiology course was developed under the auspices of the Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance by staff from the University of Zambia with collaborators from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Royal Veterinary College in London. The course is aimed at equipping scientists with multidisciplinary skill sets to match the contemporary challenges of human, animal and zoonotic disease prevention and control. Epidemiology is an important discipline for both public and animal health. Therefore, this two-year programme has been developed to generate a cadre of epidemiologists with a broad understanding of disease control and prevention and will be able to conceptualise and design holistic programs for informing health and disease control policy decisions.

scholarly journals A brief overview of the history of veterinary field services in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon K. Brückner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
The Times ◽  
Health Legislation

The historical evolution of veterinary services in South Africa is closely linked to the colonial history of the past and the eventual political formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, as well as the establishment of a fully democratic South Africa in 1994. The majority of the early pioneering veterinarians had close links to military activities and were originally mostly of British origin. The appointment of the first colonial chief veterinary officers occurred in the late 1800s. These appointments were dictated by the need to combat devastating animal diseases, such as rinderpest and African horse sickness, mainly because they affected draught oxen (used for travel) and horses (used in combat). Veterinary field services was established in 1962 as a separate functional entity within government services when M.C. Lambrechts became Director of Veterinary Services of South Africa. In the context of this article, veterinary field services refers to that sphere of veterinary service delivery conducted by government-appointed or seconded veterinarians applying disease control and prevention, as required by animal health legislation. Paging through the history of veterinary field services in South Africa confirms that the problems faced by the veterinary services of today were just as real during the times of our pioneers. The pioneers of veterinary services transformed unknown animal diseases into textbook descriptions still used today and also demonstrated the important link to, and use of, the observations made by farmers, as well as the need for continued basic and applied research on animal diseases. This article provided a brief overview of the evolution of veterinary field services and the important role played by pioneers over the last two centuries to make South Africa relatively free and safe from the most important trade-sensitive and economically important animal diseases.

scholarly journals Public Awareness in ensuring Animal Originated Food Safety : A Review on “One Health” Approach in Veterinary Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
A. T. Soelih Estoepangestie
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Human and animals live in the same ecosystem bound one to another interdependently and build an harmony in an ecosystem. Since the time of Hippocrates, the One Health concept has existed, which is now we can find in AVMA’s web page, the words “on Airs, Waters, and Places”. One of the One Health’s founders is an epidemilogist, Dr. Calvin W. Schwabe, captured the word “One Medicine” in his book, Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. Now we live in this century can feel the existence of various health problems involving human health and animal health affected one to another.Antimicrobial resistance issues is nowadays one of the challenge facing the medicine. Veterinary Services has a plenty history of applying veterinary public health principles to protect human health through animals and animal products saftey. The Veterinary role in the AMR problems is not a question. The use of drugs, includes antimicrobial, in veterinary practices can not be hindered, that is all to ensure safety not just for animals but also for humanbeing. Microbes contamination in the preparation of animal originated food, from farm to fork, is the main problem in connection to the animal originated food safety. Public services in this field is the entry point of microbes contamination which causing the decrease of food quality. To change the people’s behaviour in processing of animal originated food chain is not easy. Continuing public awareness in preparing safety food is one of athe best way to ensure the intelectuality of a nation Keywords:   Global health problem; Animal originated food ; Food safety in Indonesia; Human-animal health interactions; From farm to fork; Public awareness

scholarly journals The history of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) 1920–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Robert P. Ellis ◽  
L. Susanne Squires Ellis ◽  
Erwin M. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Research Administration ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Meeting ◽  
Academic Professionals

AbstractThe following history has been compiled and written by the authors. The historical facts are available from the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD) archives, dating back to letters and summaries written by the founders, and by a few of the Secretary-Treasurers from the early decades through 2014. The Organization and Purpose: The CRWAD is a non-profit organization and has been since its origin. The sole purpose of CRWAD is to discuss and disseminate the most current research advances in animal diseases. Graduate students and industry and academic professionals present and discuss the most recent advances on subjects of interest to the CRWAD and of importance to the global livestock and companion animal industries. The oral and poster abstracts of new and unpublished data presented at the meeting sessions are published each year in the CRWAD Proceedings (formerly the CRWAD Abstracts). CRWAD publishes, copyrights, and distributes the Proceedings. The presentations are arranged into the following 10 sections, according to the primary topic of the presentation: Bacterial Pathogenesis, Biosafety and Biosecurity, Companion Animal Epidemiology, Ecology and Management of Foodborne Agents, Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics, Immunology, Pathobiology of Enteric and Foodborne Pathogens, Respiratory Diseases, Vector-Borne and Parasitic Diseases, and Viral Pathogenesis. Prospective members should be actively engaged in animal disease research or research administration. Meeting information and membership applications may be obtained by contacting the Executive Director or by visiting the CRWAD website. Annual abstracts are currently available on-line at the On-line Meeting Planner and Itinerary Builder, with access through the CRWAD website.

scholarly journals Re-thinking public health: Towards a new scientific logic of routine animal health care in European industrial farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Bellet ◽  
Lindsay Hamilton ◽  
Jonathan Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Industrial Farming ◽  
The One

AbstractThis study makes the case for a new scientific logic of routine animal health care in industrial farming in Europe. We argue that the social regime underpinning scientific research and development on chronic animal disease management (CADM) in Europe stifles innovation and sustains a productivist model of animal husbandry that facilitates and maintains chronic animal diseases rather than eliminating them. Drawing on documentary analysis and qualitative interviews, the study explores the science of CADM in the broiler, cattle and pig sectors of the European food industry. Our findings show that in these major sectors, research and development on CADM is largely orientated towards a logic of growth, profitability and control rather than a recognition of the interconnection between chronic animal diseases, the food industry, and people (especially consumers) as advocated by the One Health approach. The study contributes to the literature on medical humanities and science and technology studies within One Health and public health in two ways: First, we draw new focus towards chronic animal diseases that are non-transmissible to humans and argue that while these are not zoonoses, they are equally worthy of attention for managing the emergence of new pathogens and diseases. Second, we expand the conceptualisation of One Health to include chronic animal health conditions. Our argument is that public health as an outcome of the One Health approach should be a term of reference that applies to humans and nonhumans alike whether they be farmed animals, practitioners or consumers.

scholarly journals Thymoma in an aged backyard Leghorn chicken, with reviews of a database and literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Julia Blakey ◽  
Carmen Jerry ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Simone Stoute
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Backyard Chickens

A 7-y-old backyard Leghorn chicken ( Gallus domesticus) was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)–Turlock branch for postmortem examination, with a history of unexpected death. At postmortem examination, a hemorrhagic soft tissue mass was observed in the cervical region. Microscopically, a densely cellular neoplasm of polygonal epithelial cells and small lymphocytes was observed. The microscopic features of the neoplasm in combination with positive immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin and CD3 were used to classify the lesion as a thymoma. Thymoma was diagnosed in only 5 birds submitted to CAHFS from 1990 to 2019. Thymoma has been described only rarely in birds, and is an unusual diagnosis in backyard chickens.

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

scholarly journals Assessing Environmental Factors within the One Health Approach

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Sarah Humboldt-Dachroeden ◽  
Alberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
First Case ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
The One

Background: One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. Method: A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. Results: 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. Conclusions: The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.

A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110030
Author(s):  
Craig N. Carter ◽  
Jacqueline L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

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