Responses of Rhizobium-inoculated and nitrogen-supplied Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata plants to root volume restriction

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Izaguirre-Mayoral ◽  
Margarita Sicardi de Mallorca
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars

Present investigation was undertaken to analyse the effect of root volume restriction on the physiological performance of Rhizobium-inoculated (R+ ) and nitrogen-supplied (N+) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. var. Tuy.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Montalbán.) plants. Restriction of root volume (RRV) was imposed via an 8-fold reduction in the rooting space. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and an unlimited availability of water and nutrients. For both plant species, RRV reduced the dry weight of roots, shoots and nodules, retarded the rate of leaf initiation and development, and increased the leaf chlorophyll concentration, regardless of the source of nitrogen. In contrast, RRV did not alter the shoot/root, leaf/root and nodule/root ratios, the concentration of total reducing sugars in shoots, roots and nodules, the leaf relative water content or the concentration of Rubisco in mature leaves of R+ and N+ bean and cowpea plants. Concentration of ureide and α-amino-N in shoots and nodules of R+ plants as well as of α-amino-N in shoots of N+ plants were also not affected by RRV, and abscission of trifoliolated leaves was not recorded in any of the treatment combinations. We conclude that dwarfism of RRV plants was not due to water stress, decreased rates of assimilation, increased abscisic acid, sink/source alterations, or to a reduction on the effectiveness of the symbiotic process or of nitrogen uptake in R+ and N+ plants, respectively.

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

scholarly journals Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de A. Silva ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
Jorge A.G. da Silva ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Drought is one of the major limitations to plant productivity worldwide. Identifying suitable screening tools and quantifiable traits would facilitate the crop improvement process for drought tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of four relatively physiological parameters (variable-to-maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, F v/F m; estimated leaf chlorophyll content via SPAD index; leaf temperature, LT; and, leaf relative water content, RWC) to distinguish between drought tolerant and susceptible sugarcane genotypes subjected to a 90-d drought cycle. Eight field-grown genotypes were studied. By 45 d after the onset of treatments, the F v/F m, SPAD index and RWC of drought-stressed plants had declined significantly in all genotypes compared to values at the onset of well-watered treatments. However, the reductions were more severe in leaves of susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, the tolerant genotypes as a group, maintained higher F v/F m (8%), SPAD index (15%), and RWC (16%) than susceptible genotypes. In general, LT of drought-stressed plants was higher (~4ºC) than that of well-watered plants but the relative increase was greater among drought susceptible genotypes. Under drought stress, LT of tolerant genotypes was on average 2.2ºC lower than that of susceptible genotypes. The results are consistent with the tolerant-susceptible classification of these genotypes and indicate that these tools can be reliable in screening for drought tolerance, with F v/F m, SPAD index and LT having the added advantage of being nondestructive and easily and quickly assessed.

Rapid influences of water stress on photosynthesis and translocation in Phaseolus vulgaris

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoddinott ◽  
D. L. Ehret ◽  
Paul R. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Transient Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Labelling System

A steady-state 14C labelling system is used to simultaneously measure rates of photosynthesis and translocation before and after the onset of an osmotic shock to the base of rooted or rootless Phaseolus vulgaris plants. In all experiments, the photosynthetic rate declines soon after the onset of a shock owing to rapid stomatal closure. The translocation rate, following a brief transient change, remains almost constant for several hours, indicating less sensitivity to osmotic shock than is shown by the photosynthetic rate. The transient changes in translocation rate are due to transient changes in the leaf relative water content. The direction of the transient depends on the nature of the osmoticum and the presence or absence of roots.

scholarly journals Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by Grafting Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3229
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Thang Vu ◽  
Jong-Man Park ◽  
Ngoc-Quat Nguyen ◽  
Trong-Truong-Son Nguyen ◽  
Il-Soep Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Coffee Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate grafting method to improve the drought tolerance of Coffea arabica. Using C. arabica species as scions, and C. robusta as rootstock, the grafted plant was compared with the non-grafted plant (C. arabica) under water deficit condition. The result shown that growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the grafted coffee plants were higher than those of the non-grafted. The leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were highly reduced in non-grafted coffee plants. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values of the grafted and non-grafted coffee plants decreased significantly with increasing duration under water deficit condition. The SPAD and Fv/Fm values of the two coffee types were also increased significantly with increasing duration after re-watering. Compared to the non-grafted plants, higher values of SPAD, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf were observed in the grafted coffee plants. Moreover, lower values of relative ion leakage were observed in the grafted coffee plants after three days of water withholding and one month after re-watering. On the other hand, the grafted coffee plants showed enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the percentages of wilting plant under water deficit condition, and increasing the recovery percentages after re-watering.

scholarly journals Unravelling the phosphorus use efficiency associated traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under low phosphorus condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar Aski ◽  
Renu Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Use Efficiency

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in different parts of the world. The root, shoot and biomass related traits were investigated for identifying P-efficient genotypes in 54 mungbean genotypes under low-P (LP) and normal-P (NP) conditions. In this study, the membership function value of P use efficiency of studied traits was used as a compendious index for studying P use efficiency (PUE) in mungbean. Among the studied traits, mean values of total root volume, chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight (RDW) and root to shoot ratio increased >25% under LP condition indicating that these traits are highly responsive to P deficiency. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that RDW explained most of the variation and could be used as a clear indicator of PUE. The five highly P-efficient genotypes namely, MH 805, M 42, PUSA 9531, EC 398885 and M 209 with high MFVP values may be used for PUE improvement in mungbean.

scholarly journals Consequences of the water deficit on water relations and symbiosis in Vigna unguiculata cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.S. Lobato ◽  
R.C.L. Costa ◽  
C.F. Oliveira Neto ◽  
B.G. Santos Filho ◽  
M.C. Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The study aimed at evaluating and comparing changes provoked by the water deficit on water relations and nitrogen fixation in two <I>Vigna unguiculata</I> cultivars, as well as at indicating which cultivar is more tolerant under water deficiency. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in factorial scheme, with 2 cultivars (Pitiuba and Pérola) and 2 water regimes (control and stress). The parameters evaluated were the leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nodule number, nodule dry matter, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, ureide concentration and leghemoglobin in nodule. The stomatal conductance of the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water deficit were 0.20 and 0.01 mmol H<sub>2</sub>O/m<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The nitrate reductase activity of the plants under stress was significantly reduced in both cultivars. The leghemoglobin in the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water stress had the concentrations of 58 and 41 g/kg dry matter, respectively. The parameters investigated in this study suggest that the Pitiuba cultivar under water deficit suffers from smaller changes, when compared with Pérola cultivar.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes associated with beans and cowpea root diseases in Oman

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Al-Jaradi ◽  
Issa Al-Mahmooli ◽  
Rhonda Janke ◽  
Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Nadiya Al-Saady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Root Diseases

The purpose of this study was to characterize fungal and oomycete species associated with root diseases of Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. radiata and Vicia faba in Oman. Root samples were collected from plants suffering from weakened growth and yellowing symptoms. Fungal species were isolated on 2.5% potato dextrose agar amended with 10 mg l−1 rifampicin and 200 mg l−1 of ampicillin and identification was based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS rRNA), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF), beta-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CMD), actin (ACT). Isolations yielded 204 fungal isolates belonging to nine different genera, with most isolates belonging to Alternaria and Fusarium. Molecular identification revealed that the isolates belong to 20 fungal species, the most dominant of which was Alternaria alternata. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on each plant species. The inoculations on P. vulgaris revealed that Pythium aphanidermatum induced rotting, damping-off and wilt symptoms while Fusarium equiseti induced yellowing symptoms on the leaves. Rhizoctonia solani produced lesions and root rot on Vigna unguiculata while Curvularia muehlenbeckiae and Curvularia caricae-papayae produced root lesions on the roots of V. unguiculata and V. radiata, respectively. Alternaria alternata produced brown symptoms on the tap root of Vicia faba. P. aphanidermatum resulted in a significant reduction in the fresh weight, dry weight and shoot length of Phaseolus vulgaris. The study shows that several fungal species can be found associated with the roots of beans and Vigna unguiculata in Oman and can result in varying disease symptoms. This is the first report of root lesions produced by Curvularia muehlenbeckiae on the roots of V. unguiculata and by C. caricae-papayae on V. radiata worldwide.

scholarly journals Capillary Mats Modify Media Moisture Content during Mist Propagation of Chrysanthemum Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 634a-634
Author(s):  
Jennifer Marohnic ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Jack W. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Initial Root

Capillary mats were used to vary the water content in oasis blocks during mist propagation of chrysanthemum cuttings. Mats placed on the surface of the propagation bench extended over the edge of the bench and downward a distance of either 0 or 20 cm. Oasis blocks with chrysanthemum cuttings `Boaloi' and `Salmon Charm' were placed on mats under intermittent mist (10 seconds every 5 minutes) between 5 am and 8 pm. Relative water content, mL of water/gram oasis, and leaf water potential were measured at noon every 5 days. After 26 days number of roots per cutting was evaluated. Water content in the oasis block was reduced by 49% (450 to 219 mL/g dry weight of oasis) by hanging the capillary mat 20 cm over the edge of the bench compared to 0 cm treatment. Cuttings showed an increase in leaf relative water content from 49% and 51% at day 1 to 65% and 71% by day 11 for `Boaloi' and `Salmon Charm', respectively. Following initial root formation, leaf relative water content increased to 85%. Over the course of the experiment `Boaloi' and `Salmon Charm' showed an average reduction in leaf water potential of 0.14 and 0.08 MPA, respectively. `Boaloi' showed overall higher root numbers than `Salmon Charm'; however, no difference in rooting between mat treatments was observed.

Survival of rice during complete submergence: effect of potassium bicarbonate application

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Krishnan ◽  
G. Ramakrishnayya
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Survival And Growth

The effect of potassium bicarbonate application to floodwater on the survival and growth of submergence-tolerant (FR13A) and -intolerant (IR42) rice cultivars during complete submergence was investigated. Potassium bicarbonate, applied at different rates to enhance floodwater carbon dioxide concentrations, increased the floodwater oxygen concentration. The treatment that had CuSO4, added alone to reduce algal growth showed the lowest O2 concentration at the time of submergence and after 10 d of submergence. Potassium bicarbonate at higher rates tended to maintain the floodwater pH near neutrality while copper sulfate affected pH increase during a 10-day period of complete submergence. Potassium bicarbonate addition led to 100% survival of tolerant FR13A. Potassium bicarbonate, even at 0.01 mol m–3 enhanced the survival of intolerant IR42 to 69% and at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mol m–3, the survival was above 85%. Dry weights of submerged plants showed increases in both rice cultivars in floodwater treated with potassium bicarbonate. The dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration of both cultivars increased with increasing rates of potassium bicarbonate. Algal chlorophyll concentration of floodwater treated with potassium bicarbonate was comparable to that of the control without copper sulfate. The findings suggest a possibility of environmental manipulation of floodwater by potassium bicarbonate application to enhance the survival and growth of rice cultivars during complete submergence.

Physiological, biochemical and mineral dimensions of green beangenotypes depending on Zn priming and salinity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdilek Gulmezoglu ◽  
Cigdem Aydogan ◽  
Ece Turhan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
K Concentration

The effects of salinity and zinc (Zn) priming on the physical and mineral composition of green bean genotypes were investigated on two green bean genotypes (‘ªeker Fasulye’ and ‘Local Genotype’) by soaking seeds in 0.05% Zn (ZnSO4.7H2O) solution and by exposing to salt stress by applying 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl after first true leaf emergence. Plants not exposed to salt stress were treated as control. The effects of Zn priming on the salt tolerance of genotypes, fresh and dry weight of plant leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity (LOT), Na, K, Ca and Zn concentrations in the leaves, stem and root portions of plants were evaluated. The NaCl concentrations led to significant variations in the examined parameters. The highest concentration of salt (150 mM) caused fading in leaves and led to inhibition of growth and development. Salt application generally reduced the fresh and dry weights of plants of both genotypes where Zn priming showed an amendatory effect. Leaf RWC decreased with salt applications while LOT increased but Zn priming had no amendatory effect on these parameters. ‘ªeker Fasulye’ genotype was found to be relatively more salt tolerant than ‘Local Genotype’ on the basis of the investigated parameters. Zinc priming decreased the Na and Ca concentrations in plant organs; however, a decrease in K concentration was observed due to increase in NaCl.

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