Development of bovine embryos derived from reproductive techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míryan L. V. Alberto ◽  
Flavio V. Meirelles ◽  
Felipe Perecin ◽  
Carlos E. Ambrósio ◽  
Phelipe O. Favaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Heart Abnormalities

Assisted reproduction techniques have improved agricultural breeding in the bovine. However, important development steps may differ from the situation in vivo and there is a high mortality rate during the first trimester of gestation. To better understand these events, we investigated the development of embryos and fetal membranes following fixed-time AI (FTAI), IVF and nuclear transfer (NT). The onset of yolk-sac development was not normal in cloned embryos. Later steps differed from conditions in vivo in all three groups; the yolk-sac was yellowish and juxtaposed with the amniotic membrane. Vascularisation of the chorioallantoic membrane was relatively late and low in NT gestations, but normal in the others. The overall development of the embryos was normal, as indicated by morphology and regression analysis of growth rate. However, NT conceptuses were significantly smaller, with the livers in some embryos occupying the abdominal cavity and others exhibiting heart abnormalities. In conclusion, the yolk-sac and the cardiovascular system seem to be vulnerable to morphogenetic alterations. Future studies will focus on gene expression and early vascularisation processes to investigate whether these changes may be responsible for the high incidence of intrauterine mortality, especially in clones.

scholarly journals Oncodevelopmental α-Fetoprotein Acts as a Selective Proangiogenic Factor on Endothelial Cell from the Fetomaternal Unit

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olin D. Liang ◽  
Thomas Korff ◽  
Jessica Eckhardt ◽  
Jasmin Rifaat ◽  
Nelli Baal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Protein S ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract The molecular coordination between angiogenesis and vascular remodeling is a critical step for the development of a functional vasculature in the placenta and the uterus during pregnancy. The oncodevelopmental albumin homolog α-fetoprotein (AFP) is mainly synthesized in the developing fetus, and its expression has been found to be associated with highly vascularized tumors in the adult. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic activity of AFP and its possible role in the fetomaternal unit. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the AFP-binding protein(s) is expressed in blood vessels of chorionic villi from placentae of the second and the third but not of the first trimester during pregnancy. At low concentrations, AFP directly stimulates or enhances, respectively, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and sprout formation of endothelial cells isolated from the placenta and the uterus possibly by a MAPK-dependent pathway. Furthermore, AFP enhances blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Interestingly, AFP has no proliferative or migratory effects on endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data indicate that AFP may act as a specific proangiogenic factor of endothelial cells within the fetomaternal unit during advanced stages in pregnancy.

The distance between the embryo and yolk sac associated with inhibin A in the first-trimester pregnancy – which is the novelty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (67) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Carmen Elena Bucuri ◽  
Răzvan  Ciortea ◽  
Andrei Mihai Malutan ◽  
Cristian Iuhaș ◽  
Maria Rada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marilyn Smart ◽  
Edwin D. Kilbourne
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Present System ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Experimental Viral Infection

A comparative study was undertaken of the pathogenesis of infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with three influenza viruses of differing virulence, and of the influence of hydrocortisone on the course of infection. Judged on the basis of earlier onset and greater degree of inflammatory response and diminished survival time of infected embryos, Mel. and Lee viruses were markedly more virulent than PR8, despite the earlier appearance of virus in PR8-infected embryos. Interferon appeared first and in greater quantity in the allantoic fluid of Lee-infected embryos and latest with PR8 infection. Thus, there was no correlation of avirulence and better interferon production with the viruses under study in the present system. Furthermore, evidence obtained suggested that Lee virus ("virulent") was most susceptible to interferon action, and also that viral synthesis in the chorioallantoic membrane with PR8 ("avirulent") persisted after the appearance of interferon. The injection of hydrocortisone within 2 hr of the initiation of infection delayed the synthesis of all three viruses; had no significant effect upon the inflammatory response; and transiently inhibited the synthesis of interferon, while prolonging the survival of Lee- and Mel.-infected embryos. Late administration of hydrocortisone suppresses both the inflammatory response and the production of interferon. Only in the case of Lee virus infection did hydrocortisone administration lead to augmentation of final yields of virus with the low infection multiplicity employed in the present experiments. It is postulated that Lee virus is a better inducer of interferon because its infectivity in vivo is more rapidly inactivated. As a consequence synthesis of Lee virus is more under the control of endogenous interferon than is the case with PR8 or Mel. virus. Therefore, inhibition of interferon synthesis with hydrocortisone has a greater influence on final yields of Lee virus.

The Use of the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) of the Embryonic Chick for the Direct Assessment of Implant Toxicity

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
P.P. Monro ◽  
D.P. Knight ◽  
W.S. Pringle ◽  
D.M. Fyfe ◽  
J.R. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
Fluid Environment

The toxicity of implant materials requires investigation prior to clinical use. We have developed a method where materials are directly applied to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9-day-old chick embryos and toxicity is assessed using histological criteria. We evaluated the method using metal foils. The number and organisation of fibroblasts seemed to be the most useful criteria for assessing metal toxicity. Differences were greatest after 10 days of culture on the CAM. The method is sensitive enough to enable us to discriminate between the less toxic aluminium and titanium and the highly toxic cobalt, nickel and tungsten. The proposed method has advantages over in vitro techniques which provide an abnormal fluid environment and in which the more complex interactions that are possible between implant materials and tissue in vivo cannot be modelled.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 Promotes Growth and Reduces Apoptosis Through Regulation of miR-363-3p/PAX6 Axis in Retinoblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Jianchang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Retinoblastoma Cell ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Common Malignancy

AbstractRetinoblastoma is the most common malignancy in children's eyes with high incidence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the progression of retinoblastoma. LncRNA FEZF1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) has been found to stimulate retinoblastoma. However, the mechanism of FEZF1-AS1 underlying progression of retinoblastoma is still unclear. In current study, FEZF1-AS1 was up-regulated in retinoblastoma tissues and cells. FEZF1-AS1 overexpression enhanced retinoblastoma cell viability, promoted cell cycle, and inhibited apoptosis. Conversely, FEZF1-AS1 knockdown reduced cell viability, cycle, and elevated apoptosis. The interaction between FEZF1-AS1 and microRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) was confirmed. FEZF1-AS1 down-regulated miR-363-3p and up-regulated PAX6. PAX6 was a target gene of miR-363-3p. EZF1-AS1 promoted retinoblastoma cell viability and suppressed apoptosis via PAX6. Further, we demonstrated that FEZF1-AS1 contribute to tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, FEZF1-AS1 elevated growth and inhibited apoptosis by regulating miR-363-3p/PAX6 in retinoblastoma, which provide a new target for retinoblastoma treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Beers ◽  
Juliet C. Gray ◽  
Janos M. Kanczler
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

Study of yolk-sac endoderm organogenesis in the chick using a specific enzyme (cysteine lyase) as a marker of cell differentiation

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Nelly Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Morphological Specialization

The detection of a specific enzyme (cysteine lyase) of the yolk-sac endoderm by a very sensitive method is employed to characterize cell differentiation during the early stages of endoderm organogenesis in the chick. The first cells to contain active cysteine lyase are found in the germ wall at the primitive streak stage. In vivo observations establish a relation between the morphological specialization and organization of endodermal cells, their loss of mitotic activity and the increase in cysteine lyase activity. They suggest an influence of the mesoderm on endoderm differentiation. In vitro experiments confirm the existence in the yolk-sac endoderm of an incompatibility between cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the action of the mesoderm on both the structural organization of the endoblast and the appearance of cysteine lyase; this last action seems to be due mainly to blood cells; chicken and rabbit blood cells are equally active. The problems of the origin of the endoderm and of the interactions occurring during the organogenesis of the yolk-sac endoderm are discussed.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Culture Method to Produce Ovarian Cancer Spheroids under Physiologically-Relevant Shear Stress

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Masiello ◽  
Atul Dhall ◽  
L. Hemachandra ◽  
Natalya Tokranova ◽  
J. Melendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Cell ◽  
Screening Platform ◽  
Cancer Spheroids

The transcoelomic metastasis pathway is an alternative to traditional lymphatic/hematogenic metastasis. It is most frequently observed in ovarian cancer, though it has been documented in colon and gastric cancers as well. In transcoelomic metastasis, primary tumor cells are released into the abdominal cavity and form cell aggregates known as spheroids. These spheroids travel through the peritoneal fluid and implant at secondary sites, leading to the formation of new tumor lesions in the peritoneal lining and the organs in the cavity. Models of this process that incorporate the fluid shear stress (FSS) experienced by these spheroids are few, and most have not been fully characterized. Proposed herein is the adaption of a known dynamic cell culture system, the orbital shaker, to create an environment with physiologically-relevant FSS for spheroid formation. Experimental conditions (rotation speed, well size and cell density) were optimized to achieve physiologically-relevant FSS while facilitating the formation of spheroids that are also of a physiologically-relevant size. The FSS improves the roundness and size consistency of spheroids versus equivalent static methods and are even comparable to established high-throughput arrays, while maintaining nearly equivalent viability. This effect was seen in both highly metastatic and modestly metastatic cell lines. The spheroids generated using this technique were fully amenable to functional assays and will allow for better characterization of FSS’s effects on metastatic behavior and serve as a drug screening platform. This model can also be built upon in the future by adding more aspects of the peritoneal microenvironment, further enhancing its in vivo relevance.

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