Effects of nitrogen fertiliser and wheat straw application on CH4 and N2O emissions from a paddy rice field

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ma ◽  
X. L. Li ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
Z. C. Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Paddy Rice Field ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Fertiliser Application

A 3-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertiliser and straw application on CH4 and N2O emissions from a paddy rice field in China from 2003 to 2005. Three rates of nitrogen fertiliser (0, 200, and 270 kg N/ha) and 2 levels of wheat straw (0 and 3.75 × 103 kg/ha) were adopted in this experiment. The effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on CH4 emission seemed to be affected by application rate. Nitrogen fertiliser decreased CH4 emission relative to the control when applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha, but the effect lessened if the application rate was further increased to a rate of 270 kg N/ha. The depressive effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on CH4 emissions from rice fields became more pronounced when wheat straw was also incorporated with fertiliser, compared with nitrogen fertiliser application alone. Straw incorporation significantly enhanced CH4 emission by 3–11 times (P < 0.05). Nitrogen fertiliser application increased N2O emission by 5–6 times when applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha and by 10–14 times when applied at a rate of 270 kg N/ha. On average, straw incorporation tended to decrease N2O emission by about 30% significant (P > 0.05). More than 50% of seasonal total amount of N2O was emitted within 11 days after fertiliser application at panicle initiation. The global warming potential caused by both CH4 and N2O emissions was affected by nitrogen fertiliser application rate and significantly stimulated by wheat straw incorporation. The global warming potential was lowest when nitrogen fertiliser was applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha.

scholarly journals Options for mitigating global warming potential of a double-rice field in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbin Zhang ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Xianfang Fan ◽  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
Winter Fallow

Abstract. Traditional land managements (neither drainage nor tillage, NTND) in winter fallow season result in substantial CH4 and N2O emissions from the double-rice fields in China. For investigating the effects of drainage and tillage in winter fallow season on global warming potentials (GWPs) of CH4 and N2O emissions and developing mitigation options, a field experiment with four treatments: NTND, drainage but non-tillage (NTD), tillage but non-drainage (TND), and both drainage and tillage (TD) were carried out from 2010 to 2014 in a Chinese double-rice field. In winter fallow season total precipitation and mean daily temperature had important effects on CH4 emission, and significant correlations were observed between them and CH4 emission. Compared with NTND, drainage and tillage reduced CH4 emission in early- and late-rice seasons and decreased annual emission by 54 and 33 kg CH4 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Drainage and tillage increased N2O emission in winter fallow season while reduced it in early- and late-rice seasons, causing annual N2O emission unaffected. Accordingly, the GWPs were decreased by 1.49 and 0.92 t CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1, respectively, and they were far more reduced by combining drainage with tillage, with a mitigation potential of 1.96 t CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. Low total C content and high C/N ratio in rice residues revealed that tillage in winter fallow season reduced CH4 and N2O emissions in early- and late-rice seasons. Moreover, drainage and tillage significantly decreased the abundance of methanogens in paddy soil, which was a possible reason for the decrease of CH4 emission. Greenhouse gas intensity was significantly decreased by drainage and tillage, and it was much more reduced by combining drainage with tillage, with a reduction of 0.17 t CO2-eq t−1 yield yr−1. The results indicate that soil drainage combined with tillage in winter fallow season is an effective mitigating strategy in double-rice fields.

scholarly journals Non-linear response of soil N2O emissions to nitrogen fertiliser in a cotton–fallow rotation in sub-tropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Peter R. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
High Level ◽  
N Management

Nitrogen (N) fertiliser is a major source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), and over recent years there has been growing evidence for a non-linear, exponential relationship between N fertiliser application rate and N2O emissions. However, there is still a high level of uncertainty around the relationship of N fertiliser rate and N2O emissions for many cropping systems. We conducted year-round measurements of N2O emission and lint yield in four N-rate treatments (0, 90, 180 and 270kgNha–1) in a cotton–fallow rotation on a black vertosol in Australia. We observed a non-linear exponential response of N2O emissions to increasing N fertiliser rates with cumulative annual N2O emissions of 0.55, 0.67, 1.07 and 1.89kgNha–1 for the four respective N fertiliser rates, but no N response to yield occurred above 180kgNha–1. The annual N2O emission factors induced by N fertiliser were 0.13, 0.29 and 0.50% for the 90, 180 and 270kgNha–1 treatments respectively, significantly lower than the IPCC Tier 1 default value of 1.0%. This nonlinear response suggests that an exponential N2O emissions model may be more appropriate for estimating emission of N2O from soils cultivated to cotton in Australia. It also demonstrates that improved agricultural N-management practices can be adopted in cotton to substantially reduce N2O emissions without affecting yield.

Wheat straw management affects CH4 and N2O emissions from rice fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Erdeng Ma ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
Kazuyuki Yagi ◽  
Zucong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

A two-year field assessment on the effect of slow release of nitrogenous fertiliser on N2O emissions from a wheat cropping system

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmali Bordoloi ◽  
K. K. Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered a major contributor to global climate change in addition to carbon dioxide and methane. A significant quantity of N2O emission originates from agriculture, largely from high rates of fertiliser application. We studied N2O emissions from wheat field to evaluate the effect of different forms of fertilisers and the potential for emission reduction. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons with four fertilisers, namely inorganic fertiliser (NPK), starch-coated urea (SCU), neem-coated urea (NCU), and urea alone (UA) in a tropical wheat ecosystem. Gas samples were collected from the field at weekly intervals using the static chamber technique and analysed with a gas chromatograph. The cumulative N2O emissions were higher from the NPK amended field (3.19kgN2O-Nha–1) followed by UA (3.05kg N2O-N ha–1). The SCU, NCU, and UA amendments decreased the total N2O emissions by 23%, 12%, and 4%, respectively (P<0.05) over the application of NPK. The results indicate a good correlation of N2O emissions with soil organic carbon, soil NO3–-N, NH4+-N, leaf area, and plant biomass. The application of SCU resulted in higher grain productivity and was the most effective substitute for conventional fertiliser in terms of reducing N2O emissions from a tropical wheat ecosystem.

scholarly journals Rice husk and melaleuca biochar additions reduce soil CH4 and N2O emissions and increase soil organic matter and nutrient availability

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Nam Tran Sy ◽  
Thao Huynh Van ◽  
Chiem Nguyen Huu ◽  
Cong Nguyen Van ◽  
Tarao Mitsunori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Background: Biochar is a promising material in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy fields due to its remarkable structural properties. Rice husk biochar (RhB) and melaleuca biochar (MB) are amendment materials that could be used to potentially reduce emissions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, their effects on CH4 and N2O emissions and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted a field experiment using biochar additions to the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Five treatments comprising 0 t ha-1 (CT0); 5 t ha-1 (RhB5) and 10 t ha-1 (RhB10), and 5 t ha-1 (MB5) and 10 t ha-1 (MB10) were designed plot-by-plot (20 m2) in triplicates. Results: The results showed that biochar application from 5 to 10 t ha-1 significantly decreased cumulative CH4 (24.2 – 28.0%, RhB; 22.0 – 14.1%, MB) and N2O (25.6 – 41.0%, RhB; 38.4 – 56.4%, MB) fluxes without a reduction in grain yield. Increasing the biochar application rate further did not decrease significantly total CH4 and N2O fluxes but was seen to significantly reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scale GWP in the RhB treatments. Biochar application improved soil Eh but had no effects on soil pH. Whereas CH4 flux correlated negatively with soil Eh (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.552, RhB; P < 0.001; r2 = 0.502, MB). The soil physicochemical properties of bulk density, porosity, organic matter, and anaerobically mineralized N were significantly improved in biochar-amended treatments, while available P also slightly increased. Conclusions: Biochar supplementation significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes and improved soil mineralization and physiochemical properties toward beneficial for rice plant. The results suggest that the optimal combination of biochar-application rates and effective water-irrigation techniques for soil types in the MD should be further studied in future works.

scholarly journals CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics in the boreal forest–mire ecotone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tupek ◽  
K. Minkkinen ◽  
J. Pumpanen ◽  
T. Vesala ◽  
E. Nikinmaa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Boreal Landscapes

Abstract. In spite of advances in greenhouse gas research, the spatiotemporal CH4 and N2O dynamics of boreal landscapes remain challenging, e.g., we need clarification of whether forest–mire transitions are occasional hotspots of landscape CH4 and N2O emissions during exceptionally high and low ground water level events. In our study, we tested the differences and drivers of CH4 and N2O dynamics of forest/mire types in field conditions along the soil moisture gradient of the forest–mire ecotone. Soils changed from Podzols to Histosols and ground water rose downslope from a depth of 10 m in upland sites to 0.1 m in mires. Yearly meteorological conditions changed from being exceptionally wet to typical and exceptionally dry for the local climate. The median fluxes measured with a static chamber technique varied from −51 to 586 μg m−2 h−1 for CH4 and from 0 to 6 μg m−2 h−1 for N2O between forest and mire types throughout the entire wet–dry period. In spite of the highly dynamic soil water fluctuations in carbon rich soils in forest–mire transitions, there were no large peak emissions in CH4 and N2O fluxes and the flux rates changed minimally between years. Methane uptake was significantly lower in poorly drained transitions than in the well-drained uplands. Water-saturated mires showed large CH4 emissions, which were reduced entirely during the exceptional summer drought period. Near-zero N2O fluxes did not differ significantly between the forest and mire types probably due to their low nitrification potential. When upscaling boreal landscapes, pristine forest–mire transitions should be regarded as CH4 sinks and minor N2O sources instead of CH4 and N2O emission hotspots.

scholarly journals Impact of the size of nitrogen fertiliser application rate on N2O flux

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šima ◽  
L. Nozdrovický ◽  
K. Krištof ◽  
J. Krupička
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Oxide Flux

The application rate of a nitrogen fertiliser is one of the most important factors that affect the nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) flux. Calk ammonium nitrate with 27% nitrogen content was spread by a fertiliser spreader VICON RS-L connected with a tractor Zetor 16145 and incorporated into the soil by a power harrow P&ouml;ttinger Lion 301 six hours after spreading. Monitoring points were selected based on the size of application rate 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha and were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28&nbsp;days after fertiliser application and incorporation into the soil. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured by a photoacoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 with a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Based on the data obtained, there were found statistically significant differences among time intervals and among the size of the application rate at a 95.0% confidence level. Results have shown impacts of the size of fertiliser application rate and time interval after fertilisation on nitrous oxide flux. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Yield and fruit quality responses of Ellendale mandarins to different nitrogen and potassium fertiliser rates

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Lee ◽  
JC Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Colour Development

Three rates of nitrogen fertiliser (88, 176 and 352 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate) and 3 of potassium (0, 220 and 440 kg K ha-l as potassium sulfate) were applied to mature Ellendale mandarin trees, in the Central Burnett district, Qld. Optimum yield response occurred at the I76 kg N ha-1 nitrogen rate but potassium treatments did not significantly affect yield. Rind was thinner and fruit colour better at the lowest nitrogen and potassium rate. Whereas nitrogen produced no effect on internal fruit quality, the ratio of total soluble solids:acid was depressed by the highest potassium rate as a result of increased acid content. For Ellendale mandarins under Queensland conditions the lowest potassium treatment produced smaller fruit with thinner rind and earlier colour development. The results indicate that the optimum nitrogen fertiliser application rate is 160-180 kg N ha-1 and that potassium fertilisers can impair fruit quality.

The effect of increasing rates of nitrogen fertiliser and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emissions from urine patches on sheep grazed hill country pasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coby J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Cecile A. M. de Klein ◽  
Alison J. Rutherford ◽  
Selai Letica ◽  
Brian P. Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Sheep Urine

Urine deposited by grazing animals represents the largest source of N2O emissions in New Zealand. Sheep-grazed hill pastures are an important component of New Zealand pastoral land, but information on N2O emissions from these areas is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing rates of fertiliser nitrogen and of a nitrification inhibitor on N2O emissions from urine patches. The study was carried out in grazed paddock-scale trials at the Ballantrae and Invermay Research Stations, New Zealand. The fertiliser N treatments were 0, 100, 300 and 750 (500 for Invermay) kg N/ha.year. Nitrous oxide measurements were conducted in the spring of 2005 and 2006, following applications of synthetic sheep urine with or without dicyandiamide (DCD) in these four N treatments. In both years and at both sites, N2O emissions increased with N fertiliser application rate in both urine and non-urine affected areas. The addition of DCD to the synthetic urine reduced N2O emissions from the urine affected areas during the measurement period by 60–80% at Ballantrae and by 40% at Invermay. The N2O emission factors for the artificial sheep urine (expressed as N2O-N lost as % of N applied) ranged from 0.01 to 1.06%, with the higher values generally found in the high N fertiliser treatments. The N2O emission factors were generally less than or similar to those from sheep urine applied to flat land pasture.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4569-4579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longlong Xia ◽  
Yongqiu Xia ◽  
Shutan Ma ◽  
Jinyang Wang ◽  
Shuwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Application Rate

Abstract. Impacts of simultaneous inputs of crop straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and N losses from rice production are not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was established in a rice–wheat cropping system in the Taihu Lake region (TLR) of China to evaluate the GHG intensity (GHGI) as well as reactive N intensity (NrI) of rice production with inputs of wheat straw and N fertilizer. The field experiment included five treatments of different N fertilization rates for rice production: 0 (RN0), 120 (RN120), 180 (RN180), 240 (RN240), and 300 kg N ha−1 (RN300, traditional N application rate in the TLR). Wheat straws were fully incorporated into soil before rice transplantation. The meta-analytic technique was employed to evaluate various Nr losses. Results showed that the response of rice yield to N rate successfully fitted a quadratic model, while N fertilization promoted Nr discharges exponentially (nitrous oxide emission, N leaching, and runoff) or linearly (ammonia volatilization). The GHGI of rice production ranged from 1.20 (RN240) to 1.61 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) kg−1 (RN0), while NrI varied from 2.14 (RN0) to 10.92 g N kg−1 (RN300). Methane (CH4) emission dominated the GHGI with a proportion of 70.2–88.6 % due to direct straw incorporation, while ammonia (NH3) volatilization dominated the NrI with proportion of 53.5–57.4 %. Damage costs to environment incurred by GHG and Nr releases from current rice production (RN300) accounted for 8.8 and 4.9 % of farmers' incomes, respectively. Cutting N application rate from 300 (traditional N rate) to 240 kg N ha−1 could improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency by 2.14 and 10.30 %, respectively, while simultaneously reducing GHGI by 13 %, NrI by 23 %, and total environmental costs by 16 %. Moreover, the reduction of 60 kg N ha−1 improved farmers' income by CNY 639 ha−1, which would provide them with an incentive to change the current N application rate. Our study suggests that GHG and Nr releases, especially for CH4 emission and NH3 volatilization, from rice production in the TLR could be further reduced, considering the current incorporation pattern of wheat straw and N fertilizer.

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