Nitrogen and carbon cycling in a New Zealand pumice soil under a manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) shrubland

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ross ◽  
N. A. Scott ◽  
S. M. Lambie ◽  
C. M. Trotter ◽  
N. J. Rodda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Kunzea Ericoides ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium

Shrubland communities dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J. Forst. and G. Forst.) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides ((A. Rich) J. Thompson) are widespread throughout New Zealand. They frequently colonise disturbed land surfaces and are important for erosion mitigation, and also for their capacity to act as a carbon (C) sink. We here investigate C and nitrogen (N) cycling in 3 stands (~26–56 years old) that had established on a repeatedly burned forest site on a Podzolic Orthic Pumice soil in the Turangi area, central North Island. For comparison, limited measurements of N cycling were also made at other manuka–kanuka sites on non-volcanic soils. Leaf N concentrations at the Turangi site were 11.8–13.9 g/kg, and lower than those at many of the other manuka–kanuka stands. Total annual litterfall and N content increased with stand age, as did total N concentrations in FH material and mineral soil (0–100 mm depth). Total C concentrations in mineral soil did not, however, differ significantly in the 3 stands. Levels of soil microbial C and N, rates of carbon dioxide production, and metabolic coefficients (qCO2 values) suggest C cycling could be fairly rapid at this site. In contrast, rates of net mineral-N and nitrate-N production were low to very low compared with those in similar pumice soils under angiosperm–conifer forests, and in the non-volcanic soils under other manuka–kanuka stands. Low N availability and tight N cycling at the Turangi site are thereby strongly suggested. No definitive explanation for the atypically low N availability at this site is apparent, although the possible effects of previous forest burnings may have been a contributing factor. The continued growth of these shrubs, nevertheless, shows they can compete successfully for the N that does become available through gross N mineralisation in the Turangi ecosystem.

Nitrogen storage and availability during stand development in a New Zealand Nothofagus forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Clinton ◽  
R B Allen ◽  
M R Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Storage ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Mature Stands

Stemwood production, N pools, and N availability were determined in even-aged (10, 25, 120, and >150-year-old) stands of a monospecific mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) forest in New Zealand recovering from catastrophic canopy disturbance brought about by windthrow. Nitrogen was redistributed among stemwood biomass, coarse woody debris (CWD), the forest floor, and mineral soil following disturbance. The quantity of N in stemwood biomass increased from less than 1 kg/ha in seedling stands (10 years old) to ca. 500 kg/ha in pole stands (120 years old), but decreased in mature stands (>150 years old). In contrast, the quantity of N stored in CWD declined rapidly with stand development. Although the mass of N stored in the forest floor was greatest in the pole stands and least in the mature stands, N availability in the forest floor did not vary greatly with stand development. The mass of N in the mineral soil (0–100 mm depth) was also similar for all stands. Foliar N concentrations, net N mineralization, and mineralizable N in the mineral soil (0–100 mm depth) showed similar patterns with stage of stand development, and indicated that N availability was greater in sapling (25 years old) and mature stands than in seedling and pole stands. We conclude that declining productivity in older stands is associated more with reductions in cation availability, especially calcium, than N availability.

scholarly journals Introduction of Dalbergia odorifera enhances nitrogen absorption on Eucalyptus through stimulating microbially mediated soil nitrogen-cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyu Yao ◽  
Qianchun Zhang ◽  
Haiju Zhou ◽  
Zhi Nong ◽  
Shaoming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

Abstract Background There is substantial evidence that Eucalyptus for nitrogen (N) absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N-fixing species, but the underlying mechanisms for microbially mediated soil N cycling remains unclear. Methods We investigated the changes of soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), microbial biomass and three N-degrading enzyme activities as well as the biomass and N productivity of Eucalyptus between a pure Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis plantation (PP) and a mixed Dalbergia odorifera and Eucalyptus plantation (MP) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results Compared with the PP site, soil pH, SWC, SOC and TN in both seasons were significantly higher at the MP site, which in turn enhanced microbial biomass and the activities of soil N-degrading enzymes. The stimulated microbial activity at the MP site likely accelerate soil N mineralization, providing more available N (NH4+-N in both seasons and NO3−-N in the wet-hot season) for Eucalyptus absorption. Overall, the N productivity of Eucalyptus at the MP site was increased by 19.7% and 21.9%, promoting the biomass increases of 15.1% and 19.2% in the dry-cold season and wet-hot season, respectively. Conclusion Our results reveal the importance of microbially mediated soil N cycling in the N absorption on Eucalyptus. Introduction of D. odorifera enhances Eucalyptus biomass and N productivity, improve soil N availability and increased soil C and N concentration, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option of Eucalyptus plantations.

Nitrogen mineralization in forest soil profiles from central Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fyles ◽  
W. B. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Time Frames

The nitrogen mineralization characteristics of soils from stands dominated by jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were examined using a 37-week incubation with periodic leaching to allow measurement of mineralized N. Soils were compared on the basis of total N, N mineralized during the incubation, potentially mineralizable N, mineralization rate constant, and nitrification potential. Nitrogen characteristics of LFH horizons primarily reflected the age and species composition of the existing vegetation while those of A horizons appeared to relate to conditions in previous as well as present stands. Characteristics of B horizons were independent of vegetation implying control by long-term accumulation and transformation of N within the soil. The N fertility of a forest site therefore represents the integration of processes acting within different time frames and an understanding of the relative contributions of short- and long-term processes in the control of N availability is required for efficient fertility management.

New Zealand Eriophyoidea (Acari: Prostigmata): an update with descriptions of one new genus and six new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1962 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG XUE ◽  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Kunzea Ericoides ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium

The New Zealand fauna of Eriophyoidea (Acari: Prostigmata) is updated with a checklist. One new genus, six new species, three new combinations, one new record and some new distribution records of eriophyoid mites from New Zealand are described and illustrated, namely Disella rebeeveri sp. nov. on Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae); Cecidophyopsis hendersoni (Keifer, 1954), rec. nov. on Yucca glauca and Y. elephantipes (Agavaceae); Nameriophyes sapidae gen. nov. & sp. nov. on Rhopalostylis sapida (Palmae); Eriophyes bennetti sp. nov. on Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae); Eriophyes georgeae sp. nov. on Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia (Asteraceae); Aceria flynni sp. nov. on Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae); Aculops propinquae (Manson, 1984), comb. nov. on Coprosma propinqua (Rubiaceae); Aculus corynocarpi (Manson, 1984), comb. nov. on Corynocarpus laevigatus (Corynocarpaceae); Aculus heatherae (Manson, 1984), comb. nov. on Raukaua simplex (Araliaceae), Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) and Syzygium maire (Myrtaceae); Aculus lalithi sp. nov. on Melicope ternate (Rutaceae). A key to the New Zealand species of Eriophyes is provided.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Fruiting Influence Nitrogen Cycling in Strawberry

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Charles T. MacKown
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
N Pool

As the primary nutrient applied to and used by strawberry, N allocation and cycling within the plant may play an important role in determining plant vigor and productivity. Our objectives were to determine 1) how N availability and fruit production affect N and fertilizer N (FN) partitioning among and within the vegetative tissues of `Tribute' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) and 2) if the root N pool is temporary storage N. Plants were fed 15N-depleted NH4NO3 (0.001 atom percent 15N) for the initial 8 weeks, then were grown for 12 weeks with or without NH4NO3 with a natural 15N abundance (0.366 atom percent 15N), and were maintained vegetative or allowed to fruit. The vegetative tissues were sampled at 6 and 12 weeks. Neither N availability or fruiting had consistent effects on dry mass (DM) across all tissues at 6 or 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, the total N content of all tissues except the roots were higher with continuous N than with no N. Nitrogen availability was the dominant treatment effect on all plants at 12 weeks; continuous N increased leaflet, petiole, and total vegetative DM and total N of all tissues. Insoluble reduced N (IRN) was the major N pool within all tissues at 6 and 12 weeks regardless of treatment. Fruiting inhibited root growth and N accumulation at 6 weeks but had little effect at 12 weeks. The roots were a strong dry matter and N sink from 6 to 12 weeks. The FN pools, from the 15N-depleted FN supplied during the initial 8 weeks, exhibited changes similar to those of total N in plants not receiving N, in contrast to plants receiving continuous N where total leaflet and petiole N content increased while FN content declined. Total FN per plant declined nearly 26% over 12 weeks; the decline was greater in plants receiving N continuously than in those not receiving N, but the magnitude of the decline was not affected by fruiting. Increasing atom percent 15N values, primarily in plants receiving continuous N after the initial 8 weeks of receiving 15N-depleted FN, indicated that N cycling occurred through all tissues and N pools, proportionally more in the soluble reduced N pool but quantitatively more in the IRN pool. The root N pool was not a “temporary” N storage site available for re-allocation to other tissues, although N cycling through it was evident. Rather, leaflet N was primarily remobilized to other tissues.

scholarly journals Introduction of Dalbergia Odorifera Enhances Nitrogen Absorption on Eucalyputs Through Stimulating Microbially Mediated Soil Nitrogen-cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyu Yao ◽  
Qianchun Zhang ◽  
Haiju Zhou ◽  
Zhi Nong ◽  
Shaoming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

Abstract Background: There is the substantial evidence that Eucalyptus for nitrogen (N) absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N-fixing species, but the underlying mechanisms for microbially mediated soil N cycling remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the changes of soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3--N), microbial biomass and three N-degrading enzyme activities as well as the biomass and N accumulation of Eucalyptus between a pure Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis plantation (PP) and a mixed Dalbergia odorifera and Eucalyptus plantation (MP) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results: Compared with the PP site, soil pH, SWC, SOC and TN in both seasons were significantly higher at the MP site, which in turn enhanced microbial biomass and the activities of soil N-degrading enzymes. The stimulated microbial activity at the MP site likely accelerated soil N mineralization, providing more available N (NH4+-N in both seasons and NO3--N in the wet-hot season) for Eucalyptus absorption. Overall, the N accumulation of Eucalyptus at the MP site was increased by 19.7% and 21.9%, promoting the biomass increases of 15.1% and 19.2% in the dry-cold season and wet-hot season, respectively.Conclusion: Our results reveal the importance of microbially mediated soil N cycling in the N absorption on Eucalyputs. Introduction of D. odorifera can enhance N absorption and growth on Eucalyputs, improve soil N availability and increased soil C sequestration, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option of Eucalyptus plantations.

Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. de Lange ◽  
H. R. Toelken ◽  
B. G. Murray ◽  
P. M. Datson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Kunzea Ericoides ◽  
Leptospermum Scoparium

Observations of wild plants and herbarium specimens suggest that hybridism is a feature of the Australasian Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex. In this study 73 artificial cross combinations were attempted with New Zealand material of Leptospermum scoparium, five Kunzea species, two varieties and six informally recognised entities within the New Zealand K. ericoides complex. The results of these crosses are documented, and for five hybrids spanning the intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific crosses attempted, we provide a more detailed assessment based on morphology, molecular (nrDNA and chloroplast) sequence variation, and genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH). This is the first time GISH has been used in the Myrtaceae. Hybrids were easily generated between the New Zealand members of the K. ericoides complex, but not between them and the Australian K. ericoides complex. We were unable to produce hybrids between the New Zealand K. ericoides complex and two more distantly related Australian species, K. baxteri and K. parvifolia. Intergeneric crosses between New Zealand plants of Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea sinclairii and an informally recognised variant K. aff. ericoides (b) were successfully produced, but failed to flower. The molecular evidence and observations after GISH show that even when low levels of sequence divergence exist, genome differentiation, to different extents, can be observed. The results confirm some suspected New Zealand hybrid complexes. However, while hybrids were easily generated artificially, natural instances of hybridism appear to be largely confined to those habitats significantly disturbed since European settlement of both countries.

Carbon and nitrogen distribution and accumulation in a New Zealand scrubland ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal A Scott ◽  
Joseph D White ◽  
Jackie A Townsend ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
John R Leathwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C And N

Reversion of agricultural land to native woody vegetation can sequester carbon (C), influencing regional and global C budgets. We examined whole-ecosystem differences in C and nitrogen (N) storage and distribution, and sapwood - leaf area relationships in a scrubland vegetation chronosequence in New Zealand dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. et G. Forst) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson). At 25 years, manuka dominated, and vegetation C was 6.5 kg C·m-2. In the 55-year-old stand, stem density was similar for the two species, and vegetation C storage was 15.1 kg C·m-2, similar to the 35-year-old stand (p = 0.9). Foliar biomass comprised 3-5% of vegetation C stock but contained 26%-37% of vegetation N. Root biomass was 10-15% of total and varied little with stand age. The sapwood - leaf area relationship differed significantly for the two species (p < 0.05). Mineral soil C and N (to 0.30 m) did not vary with stand age, but forest floor C and N were highest in the 55-year-old stand (2 kg C·m-2; p < 0.01). Soil and forest floor C/N ratios were significantly higher in the 35-year-old stand (p < 0.04), possibly because of high interspecific competition for N. While the sampling intensity was too limited to allow spatial extrapolation, our results suggest that carbon accumulation in this scrubland is rapid and similar to plantation forests, suggesting that land abandonment could significantly impact New Zealand's C budget.

Nitrous oxide production in two forested watersheds exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1723-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Peterjohn ◽  
Richard J McGervey ◽  
Alan J Sexstone ◽  
Martin J Christ ◽  
Cassie J Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
N Saturation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

A major concern about N saturation is that it may increase the production of a strong greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). We measured N2O production in two forested watersheds, a young, fertilized forest (WS 3) and an older, unfertilized forest (WS 4), to (i) assess the importance of N2O production in forests showing symptoms of N saturation; (ii) estimate the contribution of chemoautrophic nitrification to total N2O production; and (iii) examine the relative importance of factors that may control N2O production. During the study period, mean monthly rates of N2O production (3.41-11.42 µ N ·m-2·h-1) were consistent with measurements from other well-drained forest soils but were much lower than measurements from N-rich sites with poorly drained soils. Chemoautotrophic nitrification was important in both watersheds, accounting for 60% (WS 3) and 40% (WS 4) of total N2O production. In WS 3, N2O production was enhanced by additions of CaCO3 and may be constrained by low soil pH. In WS 4, N2O production on south-facing slopes was exceptionally low, constrained by low NO3 availability, and associated with a distinct assemblage of woody vegetation. From this observation, we hypothesize that differences in vegetation can influence N cycling rates and susceptibility to N saturation.

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