Reactions of copper with soil affecting its availability to plants. II. Effect of soil pH, soil sterilization and organic matter on the availability of applied copper

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
JW Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cereal Straw

Incubation of copper with warm, moist soils reduced its effectiveness for uptake by wheat plants when compared to copper freshly applied. On two soils (Gingin, Dongara), the relative effectiveness of incubated compared to freshly applied copper was lower at higher pH. On the third soil (Lancelin) relative effectiveness was unaffected by changing soil pH from 6.7 to 7.8. Soil sterilization before incubation increased the effectiveness of incubated copper compared with that freshly applied on two soil types (Lancelin, Dongara), while on the other soil (Newdegate) soil sterilization did not affect relative effectiveness. The addition of cereal straw decreased the effectiveness of copper both freshly applied and when incubated with the soil. The effect of cereal straw was more marked where the copper was incubated with the soil, suggesting that organic matter is strongly involved in reducing the effectiveness of incubated copper compared with that freshly applied. The same reactions which reduce the availability of freshly applied copper appear to continue to decrease the availability of copper throughout incubation.

scholarly journals Effect of different pH levels on adsorption and desorption of Pb in contrasting parent materials of south eastern agro climatic zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Nkwopara U. N ◽  
Onwudike S.U ◽  
Ihem E.E ◽  
Osisi A.F ◽  
Egboka N.T
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Olivine Basalt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Positive Correlation

Lead adsorption and desorption at different pH levels in acid soils of diverse parent materials were evaluated. The soil samples were collected from soils underlain by olivine basalt (Ikom), coastal plain sands (Ihiagwa) and false bedded sandstone (Ishiagu). The collected samples were air -dried, crushed, sieved with a 2 mm sieve and analyzed in the laboratory. The adsorption of lead (Pb) increased with increasing solution pH. At pH 3, 4 and 6, the adsorption of Pb was higher in false bedded sandstone than the other soils. At pH 5, adsorption of Pb was higher in olivine basalt than the other soils. Except at pH 3, desorption of Pb was higher in coastal plain sands than the other soils. At the same time it was lower in false bedded sand stone than the other soils at all pH. At pH 5, adsorption of Pb had a significant positive correlation with organic matter (r =0.774481, p≤ 0.05), while at pH 6, it had a significant positive correlation with soil pH (r =0.738401, p ≤ 0.05). Organic matter and soil pH are the most critical soil properties affecting adsorption-desorption of Pb on these soils.

Effect of Organic Matter and Moisture Level on Extractable Soil Manganese

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
A. Vélez-Ramos ◽  
L. Standifer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Extractable Soil

Studies on the optimum amounts of plant residue additives, incubation time, and moisture level for maximum release of extractable Mn were performed with four soil types using greenhouse and controlled environment facilities. Addition of decomposing ryegrass or alfalfa residues to flooded soils significantly increased extractable Mn in three of the four soil types, but no effect was obtained with any soil having a low moisture content. Organic matter decomposition and flooding tended to shift soil pH toward neutrality, lessening the effect of pH on the release of extractable Mn.

A Comparison of Procedures to Increase Responding in Three Severely Retarded, Noncompliant Young Adults

AAESPH Review ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Mithaug
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verbal Praise ◽  
Finger Pressure

This study compared the relative effectiveness of different procedures for decreasing response durations in three severely retarded 14 to 20-year-old women who were severely disruptive and noncompliant. The conditions included two potentially positively reinforcing procedures and two potentially negatively reinforcing procedures. The two positive procedures consisted of contingent deliveries of verbal praise, back pats, and squirts of juice. One of the negative procedures consisted of tapping the subjects' hands, arms, back, and back of the neck until the correct response was evoked. The other negative procedure consisted of finger and thumb pressure to the sides of the subject's neck until a correct response was evoked. During both of these negative procedures, cessation of tapping or finger pressure was contingent upon emission of an appropriate response. For two of the subjects, the two positive procedures were compared with the negative tapping procedure and with each other; for the third subject, the positive praise plus juice procedure was compared with the two negative procedures, which were also compared with each other. The results consistently indicated that for the first two subjects, the negative tapping procedure was more effective than either praise or praise plus juice, with the latter two being equally effective. For the third subject, the negative finger pressure procedure was more effective than the negative tapping procedure, which in turn was more effective than the positive praise plus juice procedure.

RELATION DU POTASSIUM EXTRAIT PAR EUF ET QUELQUES MÉTHODES CHIMIQUES AVEC LES PROPRIÉTÉS DU SOL ET LE RENDEMENT DES PLANTES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SEN TRAN ◽  
M. TABI ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

The objectives of this study were to compare the EUF procedures (50, 200 and 400 V) and some chemical methods (1 N NH4OAc, 0.01 M CaCl2, 1 N HNO3) in order to estimate the K fertility levels of 60 Quebec soils. The EUF-50 V-K quantities corresponded to CaCl2-K while EUF-(50 + 200 + 400 V) to acetate-K. The relations between EUF-(50 V)-K, EUF-(200 V)-K to Acetate-K were improved when introducing clay contents, CEC values and K saturation levels. On the other hand, soil pH, carbonate and exchangeable (Ca+Mg) contents had significant effects on the relations between EUF-400 V-K and Acetate-K. A greenhouse experiment, using ryegrass as the test plant, was carried out on these soils with two treatments (complete fertilization with and without K). EUF-400 V-K, Acetate-K and EUF-(50 + 200 + 400 V)-K were the best criteria to estimate relative yields and K uptake by the plant. EUF-(50 + 200 V) underestimates K fertility level for soils rich in clay, having high pH (H2O) or exchangeable (Ca+Mg) contents. Higher correlation coefficients for K uptake by the plant were obtained in multiple regression where EUF-(50 + 200 V)-K and EUF-400 V-K were taken into account. The relation between plant K uptake and K values determined by all methods were improved by considering the K saturation levels on cation exchange sites. Acetate-K contents explained up to 88% of the variation in K uptake when K saturation level was introduced. Finally, this method can overestimate the K fertility levels for soils rich in clay or organic matter. Key words: Electro-ultrafiltration, available K, soil properties, exchangeable K

The effect of the frequency of ingestion of urea on voluntary feed intake, organic matter digestibility and nitrogen balance of sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Tudor ◽  
JG Morris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The effect of the frequency of ingestion of urea by wethers on the voluntary feed intake, organic matter digestibility, and nitrogen balance was determined. Two rations, one a pelleted mixture of sorghum stubble, sorghum grain, molasses, volatile fatty acids, and minerals (1.23 per cent N) and the other a cereal straw (0.44 per cent N) plus minerals, were used. All sheep, except a control group, received a total of 6 g of urea per day, as a drench, either in one dose of 6 g, two of 3 g, three of 2 g or two 6 g doses three hours apart on every second day. All sheep dosed with urea ate more feed than the control group. The increase was greater for those that received the straw than for those that received the pelleted ration. Feed intake increased with increasing frequency of urea administration. Urea also increased the organic matter digestibility of the cereal straw, and the nitrogen balance of sheep given this ration but did not affect digestibility or nitrogen balance in sheep fed the pelleted ration. Sheep fed cereal straw supplemented with urea lost significantly less weight than the unsupplemented sheep.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

LIME AND DAIRY PRODUCTION

1982 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

In a four year grazing trial with dairy cows the application of 5000 kg lime/ ha (applied in two applications of 2500 kg/ha in winter of the first two years) significantly increased annual pasture production in two of the four years and dairy production in one year. In three of the four years lime significantly increased pasture growth over summer/autumn with concurrent increases in milk production. In the last year of the trial lime had little effect on pasture growth but a relatively large increase in milkfat production resulted. A higher incidence of grass staggers was recorded on the limed farmlets in spring for each of the four years. In the second spring immediately following the second application of lime significant depressions in both pasture and plasma magnesium levels were recorded. By the third spring differences in plasma magnesium levels were negligible but small depressions in herbage magnesium resulting from lime continued to the end of the trial. Lime significantly raised soil pH, Ca and Mg levels but had no effect on either soil K or P. As pH levels of the unlimed paddocks were low (5.2-5.4) in each autumn and soil moisture levels were increased by liming, these factors may suggest possible causes for the seasonality of the pasture response to lime

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

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