scholarly journals Heads in the sand: public health and ecological risks of lead-based bullets for wildlife shooting in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan O. Hampton ◽  
Mark Laidlaw ◽  
Eric Buenz ◽  
Jon M. Arnemo
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Waterfowl Hunting ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Rifle Bullets

Lead (Pb) is a toxic element banned from fuel, paint and many other products in most developed countries. Nonetheless, it is still widely used in ammunition, including rifle bullets, and Pb-based bullets are almost universally used in Australia. For decades, poisoning from Pb shot (shotguns) has been recognised as a cause of disease in waterfowl and Pb shot has been subsequently banned for waterfowl hunting in many jurisdictions. However, the risks posed by Pb-based bullets (rifles) have not been similarly recognised in Australia. Pb-based rifle bullets frequently fragment, contaminating the tissue of shot animals. Consuming this Pb-contaminated tissue risks harmful Pb exposure and, thus, the health of wildlife scavengers (carrion eaters) and humans and their companion animals who consume harvested meat (game eaters). In Europe, North America and elsewhere, the environmental and human health risks of Pb-based bullets are widely recognised, and non-toxic alternatives (e.g. copper-based bullets) are increasingly being used. However, Australia has no comparable research despite widespread use of shooting, common scavenging by potentially susceptible wildlife species, and people regularly consuming shot meat. We conclude that Australia has its collective ‘head in the sand’ on this pressing worldwide One Health issue. We present the need for urgent research into this field in Australia.

scholarly journals Yersiniosis in New Zealand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Lucia Rivas ◽  
Hugo Strydom ◽  
Shevaun Paine ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jackie Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
One Health ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity

The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ

Equine and canine influenza: a review of current events

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Paul J. Gibbs ◽  
Tara C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Canine Influenza

AbstractIn the past decade, the pandemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and the novel H1N1 influenza have both illustrated the potential of influenza viruses to rapidly emerge and spread widely in animals and people. Since both of these viruses are zoonotic, these pandemics have been the driving force behind a renewed commitment by the medical and veterinary professions to practice One World, One Health for the control of infectious diseases. The discovery in 2004 that an equine origin H3N8 influenza virus was the cause of an extensive epidemic of respiratory disease in dogs in the USA came as a surprise; at that time dogs were thought to be refractory to infection with influenza viruses. In 2007, a second emerging canine influenza was confirmed in Korea, but this time the causal virus was an H3N2 avian influenza virus. This review focuses on recent events associated with equine and canine influenza viruses. While these viruses do not appear to be zoonotic, the close association between humans and dogs, and to a lesser extent horses, demands that we develop better surveillance and control strategies for emerging diseases in companion animals within the context of One World, One Health.

Michael Joseph Day

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (18) ◽  
pp. 620-620
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher Mentor ◽  
Animal Vaccination

A teacher, mentor, coworker, volunteer and friend who worked tirelessly to transform companion animal vaccination practice around the world and to champion companion animals within One Health.

scholarly journals Seafood-Borne Parasitic Diseases: A “One-Health” Approach Is Needed

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Training ◽  
Holistic Manner

Global consumption of seafood is steadily increasing, as is the variety of seafood, including dishes with raw or undercooked fish, leading to an increased risk of seafood-borne parasitic diseases. To address today’s challenges to understand the biology and ecology of these parasites in an ever-changing environment and to tackle their pathogenicity, multidisciplinary research is needed. In addition, the gap between research and stakeholders must be bridged to decrease the risk these parasites pose to public health. A “One-Health” approach to research is necessary to ensure that consumers, aquatic animals, and environmental health questions are assessed in an integrated and holistic manner, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of the issues associated with seafood-borne parasitic diseases and potential solutions. However, when it comes to seafood-borne parasitic diseases, there is limited guidance available for a “One-Health” approach since these diseases can be less known. In this article, the focus is on parasitic diseases caused by seafood, which have been less studied even in some developed countries where seafood is popular. A brief overview of some of the seafood-borne parasitic diseases is provided followed by the significance of the awareness among various stakeholders in a country. In this article, it is argued that researchers and stakeholders are closely connected and a knowledge gap in one can result in a gap in knowledge and awareness in the other, causing an inability to accurately estimate the issues caused by these parasites. It is suggested that raising awareness, supporting research and training of all stakeholders are crucial for the prevention of seafood-borne parasitic diseases and the protection of the health of seafood consumers.

Safer food through plant science: reducing toxic element accumulation in crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (20) ◽  
pp. 5537-5557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Element Accumulation

The accumulation of toxic elements in crops is associated with human health risks. Rapid progress towards a mechanistic understanding now enables the engineering of much safer crop varieties.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Companion and Animal-Assisted Interventions Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12952
Author(s):  
Emanuela Roscetto ◽  
Chiara Varriale ◽  
Umberto Galdiero ◽  
Camilla Esposito ◽  
Maria Rosaria Catania
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are being implemented in many countries for the beneficial effects they have on humans. Patients involved in AAI are often individuals at greater risk of acquiring infections, and these activities involve close contact between humans and animals, as is the case with humans living with a pet. The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales is a serious problem for human health; an integrated One Health strategy is imperative to combat this threat. Companion dogs can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and animal-to-human transmission could occur during AAI sessions. The aim of this review was to collect the available data on the carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in companion dogs and in an AAI context. Several papers have generally addressed the issue of microbial transmission during AAIs. Studies on the intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and/or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have mainly been conducted in companion animals while few data are available on the carriage in dogs participating in AAI sessions. This review aims to draw attention to the antibiotic resistance problem in a One Health context and to the importance of extending infection control measures to this human–animal interface, to keep the balance of benefits/risks for AAIs shifted towards the benefits of these activities.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemaparan Logam Berat Pb (Timbal) Terhadap Perubahan Warna Dan Peningkatan Persentase Anakan Jantan Daphnia spp. [Effect Of Heavy Metal Pb (Lead) Expossure To The Color Change And Increase The Percentage Of Male Offsprings Of Daphnia spp. ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
A. Shofy Mubarak, Akhsan Panna, Yeni Dhamayanti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Methyl Farnesoate ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Pb Concentration

AbstractPb (lead) was a metal that does'nt regulated by water organisms so that the metal was constantly acumulated in organisms tissue. Currently, the pollution Pb in the waters of Indonesia have exceeded the maximum threshold of pollution defined by the government.Daphnia spp. is the organism that have been developed as a bioassay in some developed countries like U.S. and Japan because it has a rapid life cycle that is about three weeks, are sensitive to the chemical in the waters ecology and has an important role in the ecology of freshwater as the first of trophic level in the waters ecology. Target of this research is to obtain information about the concentration of heavy metals Pb that correlated with of Daphnia spp. color changes and increase of male offsprings of Daphnia spp.. This research was th thconducted on november 24 , 2008 until December 8 , 2008 in the Laboratory Education of fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University. This research use method of experimental design with Completely Randomized Design (RAL)  with five treatments and four rerplicates. Treatment A (control), exposure of Pb in concentration 0 mg/L. Treatment B, Pb concentration 0.90 mg/L, Treatment C, Pb concentration 1.8 mg/L, Treatment D, Pb concentration 2.7 mg/L, and Treatment E with Pb concentration 3.63 mg/L. Collected data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with error rate or á = 0,05, if there are a different, hence continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Collected data were analyzed again using linear regression graph to estimate the enhanced in every treatment. The results of research indicates that the heavy metal Pb exposure with different concentrations to the adult female Daphnia spp. did not showing significant different of the daphnia spp. color change. This is because the condition of Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) more dominant than the increase of methyl farnesoate to influence increase of Daphnia spp.'s haemoglobin synthesa. Besides, research also indicates that the heavy metals Pb exposure with different concentrations to the adult sex Daphnia spp. provide a very significant percentage of male Daphnia spp. offsprings. This happens due to the increase of methyl farnesoate in Daphnia spp. inhibit the formation of female sex of Daphnia spp. offsprings by adult Daphnia spp. that expossured by Pb. Result of processing data using linear regression is a formula y = 18.76x + 3.104. this formula can be used to estimate concentration of Pb in water based on percentage of male offsprings of Daphnia spp. Water quality during research showed the waters pH range between 8.2 - 8.5,  dissolved oxygen (DO) oranged between 8.0 - 8.5 mg/L, waters temperature was 26 C and ammonia level was 0.03 mg/L. This Conditions of water quality was the optimal conditions to support Daphnia spp. life. 

scholarly journals Comparison of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli between urban raccoons and domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. L. Worsley-Tonks ◽  
Stanley D. Gehrt ◽  
Elizabeth A. Miller ◽  
Randall S. Singer ◽  
Jeff B. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
High Degree

Wildlife can be exposed to antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) via multiple pathways. Spatial overlap with domestic animals is a prominent exposure pathway. However, most studies of wildlife – domestic animal interfaces have focused on livestock and little is known about the wildlife – companion animal interface. Here, we investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic relatedness of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli from raccoons (Procyon lotor) and domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the metropolitan area of Chicago, USA. To assess the potential importance of spatial overlap with dogs, we explored whether raccoons sampled at public parks (i.e., parks where people and dogs could enter) differed in prevalence and phylogenetic relatedness of ESC-R E. coli to raccoons sampled at private parks (i.e., parks where people and dogs could not enter). Raccoons had a significantly higher prevalence of ESC-R E. coli (56.9%) than dogs (16.5%). However, the richness of ESC-R E. coli did not vary by host species. Further, core single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolates did not cluster by host species, and in some cases displayed a high degree of similarity (i.e., differed by less than 20 core SNPs). Spatial overlap analyses revealed that ESC-R E. coli were more likely to be isolated from raccoons at public parks than raccoons at private parks, but only for parks located in suburban areas of Chicago, not urban areas. That said, ESC-R E. coli isolated from raccoons did not genetically cluster by park of origin. Our findings suggest that domestic dogs and urban/suburban raccoons can have a diverse range of ARB, some of which display a high degree of genetic relatedness (i.e., differ by less than 20 core SNPs). Given the differences in prevalence, domestic dogs are unlikely to be an important source of exposure for mesocarnivores in urbanized areas. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) have been detected in numerous wildlife species across the globe, which may have important implications for human and animal health. Wildlife can be exposed to ARB via numerous pathways, including via spatial overlap with domestic animals. However, the interface with domestic animals has mostly been explored for livestock and little is known about the interface between wild animals and companion animals. Our work suggests that urban and suburban wildlife can have similar ARB to local domestic dogs, but local dogs are unlikely to be a direct source of exposure for urban-adapted wildlife. This finding is important because it underscores the need to incorporate wildlife into antimicrobial resistance surveillance efforts, and to investigate whether certain urban wildlife species could act as additional epidemiological pathways of exposure for companion animals, and indirectly for humans.

scholarly journals 740. Elucidation of the Mode of Clostridioides difficile Transmission Based on One Health Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S468-S468
Author(s):  
Sadako Yoshizawa ◽  
Tomoka Sawa ◽  
Kohji Komori ◽  
Masakazu Sasaki ◽  
Nobuaki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Mlst Analysis ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Abstract Background Community-onset Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CACDI) has been increasing in recent years. To explore the transmission route of CACDI, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of C. difficile isolated from CACDI patients and compared it to the isolates from livestock, companion animals, and soil. Methods From October 2020 until April 2021, fecal specimens of cattle, poultry, swine, felines, canines, CACDI patients, their families, and soil from the CACDI patients' living environment were applied for isolation of C.difficile. Whole-genome sequencing of C. difficile was performed on the MiSeq system (Illumina). Using the draft genome obtained from these analyses, the house-keeping gene (tpi), MLST, toxin genes (tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB), and resistance genes (gyrA, gyrB, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC) were comprehensively analyzed. Results As of March 31, 2021, 275 specimens were collected. Forty-five fecal specimens of companion animal origin (23 feline and 22 canines) were collected and the positive rate of C.difficile was 28.9% (2 felines, 11 canines). In MLST analysis, ST 15 (4 strains), ST 26 (2 strains), ST 42, ST 3, ST 28, ST 100, and ST 185 were detected in canines, and ST 203 and ST 297 strains were detected in felines. Samples of livestock origin were collected from 135 cattle, 41 poultries, and 20 swine. The detection rate in cattle was 11%, toxin-gene positivity was 60%. MLST analysis of 9 strains revealed ST 11 (5 strains), ST 2, ST 15, ST 58, and ST 101. No isolates were found from poultry or swine. Patient-derived strains of CACDI were collected from 14 patients at 2 sites. MLST analysis revealed ST42, ST37, ST100, and ST203(two isolates, respectively), ST 224, ST 81, ST 28, and ST 47. 2 isolates were unclassifiable. One case was a healthy 1-year-old girl, whose family revealed no isolation of C.difficile. Impressively, the soil in the parks (A and B) related to the child detected C.difficile from 4/4 samples (toxin-gene positivity; 75%) in Park A and 1/4 samples (toxin-gene positive) in Park B. MLST analysis demonstrated ST 42, the same as that in the affected child and core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) analysis suggested closely related strain. Conclusion Our results suggest one health approach is fundamental to prevent the transmission of C.difficile. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document