scholarly journals Kangaroo gene mapping and sequencing: insights into mammalian genome evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Marshall Graves
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Genome ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Gene Arrangement

The deep divergence of marsupials and eutherian mammals 160 million years ago provides genetic variation to explore the evolution of DNA sequence, gene arrangement and regulation of gene expression in mammals. Following the pioneering work of Professor Desmond W. Cooper, emerging techniques in cytogenetics and molecular biology have been adapted to characterise the genomes of kangaroos and other marsupials. In particular, genetic and genomic work over four decades has shown that marsupial sex chromosomes differ significantly from the eutherian XY chromosome pair in their size, gene content and activity. These differences can be exploited to deduce how mammalian sex chromosomes, sex determination and epigenetic silencing evolved.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Development of Exogenous dsRNA for the Induction of RNA Interference in Cancer Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Golubeva ◽  
Viktoria A. Cherenko ◽  
Konstantin E. Orishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Selective regulation of gene expression by means of RNA interference has revolutionized molecular biology. This approach is not only used in fundamental studies on the roles of particular genes in the functioning of various organisms, but also possesses practical applications. A variety of methods are being developed based on gene silencing using dsRNA—for protecting agricultural plants from various pathogens, controlling insect reproduction, and therapeutic techniques related to the oncological disease treatment. One of the main problems in this research area is the successful delivery of exogenous dsRNA into cells, as this can be greatly affected by the localization or origin of tumor. This overview is dedicated to describing the latest advances in the development of various transport agents for the delivery of dsRNA fragments for gene silencing, with an emphasis on cancer treatment.

scholarly journals How (Epi)Genetic Regulation of the LIM-Domain Protein FHL2 Impacts Multifactorial Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2611
Author(s):  
Jayron J. Habibe ◽  
Maria P. Clemente-Olivo ◽  
Carlie J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Lim Domains ◽  
Age Related

Susceptibility to complex pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is highly variable among individuals and arises from specific changes in gene expression in combination with external factors. The regulation of gene expression is determined by genetic variation (SNPs) and epigenetic marks that are influenced by environmental factors. Aging is a major risk factor for many multifactorial diseases and is increasingly associated with changes in DNA methylation, leading to differences in gene expression. Four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) is a key regulator of intracellular signal transduction pathways and the FHL2 gene is consistently found as one of the top hyper-methylated genes upon aging. Remarkably, FHL2 expression increases with methylation. This was demonstrated in relevant metabolic tissues: white adipose tissue, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on regulation of FHL2 by genetic variation and epigenetic DNA modification, and the potential consequences for age-related complex multifactorial diseases.

Regulation of the Alternative Oxidase in Plants and Fungi.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Day ◽  
J Whelan ◽  
AH Millar ◽  
JN Siedow ◽  
JT Wiskich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulation Of Activity

The alternative oxidase of the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyses cyanide-insensitive respiration in plants and fungi. The molecular biology and regulation of this oxidase have been intensively studied over the past 10 years. Genes have been isolated, expression has been investigated and novel mechanisms for the regulation of activity have been discovered. This paper reviews these recent advances, focusing on the regulation of gene expression and activation by protein modification and organic acids, and possible roles of the alternative oxidase are discussed.

scholarly journals Imputed gene associations identify replicable trans-acting genes enriched in transcription pathways and complex traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Wheeler ◽  
Sally Ploch ◽  
Alvaro N. Barbeira ◽  
Rodrigo Bonazzola ◽  
Angela Andaleon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Gene Associations ◽  
Made In

AbstractRegulation of gene expression is an important mechanism through which genetic variation can affect complex traits. A substantial portion of gene expression variation can be explained by both local (cis) and distal (trans) genetic variation. Much progress has been made in uncovering cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL), but trans-eQTL have been more difficult to identify and replicate. Here we take advantage of our ability to predict the cis component of gene expression coupled with gene mapping methods such as PrediXcan to identify high confidence candidate trans-acting genes and their targets. That is, we correlate the cis component of gene expression with observed expression of genes in different chromosomes. Leveraging the shared cis-acting regulation across tissues, we combine the evidence of association across all available GTEx tissues and find 2356 trans-acting/target gene pairs with high mappability scores. Reassuringly, trans-acting genes are enriched in transcription and nucleic acid binding pathways and target genes are enriched in known transcription factor binding sites. Interestingly, trans-acting genes are more significantly associated with selected complex traits and diseases than target or background genes, consistent with percolating trans effects. Our scripts and summary statistics are publicly available for future studies of trans-acting gene regulation.

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Fine Mapping of Complex Trait Associated Loci in the Human Liver

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minal Çalışkan ◽  
Elisabetta Manduchi ◽  
H. Shanker Rao ◽  
Julian A Segert ◽  
Marcia Holsbach Beltrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTDeciphering the impact of genetic variation on gene regulation is fundamental to understanding common, complex human diseases. Although histone modifications are important markers of gene regulatory regions of the genome, any specific histone modification has not been assayed in more than a few individuals in the human liver. As a result, the impacts of genetic variation that direct histone modification states in the liver are poorly understood. Here, we generate the most comprehensive genome-wide dataset of two epigenetic marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, and annotate thousands of putative regulatory elements in the human liver. We integrate these findings with genome-wide gene expression data collected from the same human liver tissues and high-resolution promoter-focused chromatin interaction maps collected from human liver-derived HepG2 cells. We demonstrate widespread functional consequences of natural genetic variation on putative regulatory element activity and gene expression levels. Leveraging these extensive datasets, we fine-map a total of 77 GWAS loci that have been associated with at least one complex phenotype. Our results contribute to the repertoire of genes and regulatory mechanisms governing complex disease development and further the basic understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the human liver tissue.

scholarly journals Phase variation of gonococcal protein II: Regulation of gene expression by slipped-strand mispairing of a repetitive DNA sequence

Cell ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Murphy ◽  
Terry D. Connell ◽  
Diana S. Barritt ◽  
Michael Koomey ◽  
Janne G. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequence

scholarly journals Escherichia coli andSalmonella 2000: the View From Here

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moselio Schaechter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Book

SUMMARY Five years after the publication of the second edition of the reference book Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, and on the eve of launching a successor venture, the editors and colleagues examine where we stand in our quest for an understanding of these organisms. The main areas selected for this brief inquiry are genomics, evolution, molecular multifunctionality, functional backups, regulation of gene expression, cell biology, sensing of the environment, and ecology.

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