scholarly journals Default-mode network streams for coupling to language and control systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17308-17319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Gordon ◽  
Timothy O. Laumann ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Ryan V. Raut ◽  
Caterina Gratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
And Control

The human brain is organized into large-scale networks identifiable using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). These functional networks correspond with broad cognitive domains; for example, the Default-mode network (DMN) is engaged during internally oriented cognition. However, functional networks may contain hierarchical substructures corresponding with more specific cognitive functions. Here, we used individual-specific precision RSFC to test whether network substructures could be identified in 10 healthy human brains. Across all subjects and networks, individualized network subdivisions were more valid—more internally homogeneous and better matching spatial patterns of task activation—than canonical networks. These measures of validity were maximized at a hierarchical scale that contained ∼83 subnetworks across the brain. At this scale, nine DMN subnetworks exhibited topographical similarity across subjects, suggesting that this approach identifies homologous neurobiological circuits across individuals. Some DMN subnetworks matched known features of brain organization corresponding with cognitive functions. Other subnetworks represented separate streams by which DMN couples with other canonical large-scale networks, including language and control networks. Together, this work provides a detailed organizational framework for studying the DMN in individual humans.

scholarly journals Prediction of Neurocognitive Profiles in Youth From Resting State fMRI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sripada ◽  
Saige Rutherford ◽  
Mike Angstadt ◽  
Wesley K. Thompson ◽  
Monica Luciana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Task Control ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

AbstractDifficulties with higher-order cognitive functions in youth are a potentially important vulnerability factor for the emergence of problematic behaviors and a range of psychopathologies. This study examined 2,013 9-10 year olds in the first data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development 21-site consortium study in order to identify resting state functional connectivity patterns that predict individual-differences in three domains of higher-order cognitive functions: General Ability, Speed/Flexibility, and Learning/Memory. We found that connectivity patterns involving task control networks and default mode network were prominently implicated in predicting individual differences across participants across all three domains. In addition, for General Ability scores specifically, we observed consistent cross-site generalizability, with statistically significant predictions in 14 out of 15 held-out sites. These findings demonstrate that resting state connectivity can be leveraged to produce generalizable markers of neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, they highlight the importance of task control-default mode network inter-connections as a major locus of individual differences in cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (44) ◽  
pp. 12574-12579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Margulies ◽  
Satrajit S. Ghosh ◽  
Alexandros Goulas ◽  
Marcel Falkiewicz ◽  
Julia M. Huntenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geodesic Distance ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Topographical Organization ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Local Functional ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
And Function

Understanding how the structure of cognition arises from the topographical organization of the cortex is a primary goal in neuroscience. Previous work has described local functional gradients extending from perceptual and motor regions to cortical areas representing more abstract functions, but an overarching framework for the association between structure and function is still lacking. Here, we show that the principal gradient revealed by the decomposition of connectivity data in humans and the macaque monkey is anchored by, at one end, regions serving primary sensory/motor functions and at the other end, transmodal regions that, in humans, are known as the default-mode network (DMN). These DMN regions exhibit the greatest geodesic distance along the cortical surface—and are precisely equidistant—from primary sensory/motor morphological landmarks. The principal gradient also provides an organizing spatial framework for multiple large-scale networks and characterizes a spectrum from unimodal to heteromodal activity in a functional metaanalysis. Together, these observations provide a characterization of the topographical organization of cortex and indicate that the role of the DMN in cognition might arise from its position at one extreme of a hierarchy, allowing it to process transmodal information that is unrelated to immediate sensory input.

scholarly journals Increased resting state connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin M. Beckmann ◽  
Adriano Wang-Leandro ◽  
Henning Richter ◽  
Rima N. Bektas ◽  
Frank Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Large Scale Networks

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common chronic, neurological diseases in humans and dogs and considered to be a network disease. In human epilepsy altered functional connectivity in different large-scale networks have been identified with functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging. Since large-scale resting state networks have been consistently identified in anesthetised dogs’ application of this technique became promising in canine epilepsy research. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in large-scale resting state networks in epileptic dogs compared to healthy controls. Our hypothesis was, that large-scale networks differ between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs. A group of 17 dogs (Border Collies and Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs) with idiopathic epilepsy was compared to 20 healthy control dogs under a standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia protocol. Group level independent component analysis with dimensionality of 20 components, dual regression and two-sample t test were performed and revealed significantly increased functional connectivity in the anterior default mode network of idiopathic epileptic dogs compared to healthy control dogs (p = 0.00060). This group level differences between epileptic dogs and healthy control dogs identified using a rather simple data driven approach could serve as a starting point for more advanced resting state network analysis in epileptic dogs.

scholarly journals Default mode network subsystem alterations in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. Beucke ◽  
Jorge Sepulcre ◽  
Mark C. Eldaief ◽  
Miriam Sebold ◽  
Norbert Kathmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time History ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundAlthough neurobiological models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) traditionally emphasise the central role of corticostriatal brain regions, studies of default mode network integrity have garnered increasing interest, but have produced conflicting results.AimsTo resolve these discrepant findings by examining the integrity of default mode network subsystems in OCD.MethodComparison of seed-based resting-state functional connectivity of 11 default mode network components between 46 patients with OCD and 46 controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSignificantly reduced connectivity within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex self subsystem was identified in the OCD group, and remained significant after controlling for medication status and life-time history of affective disorders. Further, greater connectivity between the self subsystem and salience and attention networks was observed.ConclusionsResults indicate that people with OCD show abnormalities in a neural system previously associated with self-referential processing in healthy individuals, and suggest the need for examination of dynamic interactions between this default mode network subsystem and other large-scale networks in this disorder.

Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley Davis ◽  
Emily Hirsch ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Margaret Andover ◽  
Amy Krain Roy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

scholarly journals Neural Plasticity of Mild Tinnitus: An fMRI Investigation Comparing Those Recently Diagnosed with Tinnitus to Those That Had Tinnitus for a Long Period of Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake R. Carpenter-Thompson ◽  
Sara A. Schmidt ◽  
Fatima T. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Long Period

Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare differences in neural correlates of tinnitus in adults with recent onset and others who had the disorder for longer than a year.Design. A total of 25 individuals with tinnitus were divided into groups based on the amount of time for which they had experienced tinnitus: <1 year (RTIN) or >1 year (LTIN). Subjects underwent an fMRI scan while listening to affective sounds from the International Affective Digital Sounds database. Resting state functional connectivity data were also collected.Results. The RTIN group recruited the posterior cingulate and insula to a greater extent than the LTIN group when processing affective sounds. In addition, we found that the LTIN group engaged more frontal regions when listening to the stimuli compared to the RTIN group. Lastly, we found increased correlations between the default mode network and the precuneus in RTIN patients compared to LTIN at rest.Conclusion. Our results suggest that the posterior cingulate and insula may be associated with an early emotional reaction to tinnitus in both task and resting states. Over time, tinnitus patients may recruit more frontal regions to better control their emotional response and exhibit altered connectivity in the default mode network.

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