Visual representation and communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Tingyi S. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Information Design ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Knowledge Communication

There is great potential for graphics to present quantities, processes, and spatial relations that make knowledge communication more effective through simple to complex visual languages. Visual representation conveys certain messages, directly or metaphorically. An effective visual representation communicates with users by offering core messages and other embedded qualities. These embedded qualities generate interest in the topics/issues, create desirable energy for seeking more knowledge in depth, and enable readers to explore their favorable influences. It is no longer enough to consider a visual representation to be merely attractive or pleasing; it also has to be designed in a way to effectively tell stories in order to better play its role as an information carrier and to meet users’ needs for multiple modes of usage. This study examines the ways in which visual explanation both tells stories and presents their underlying meanings. Visual information design not only presents concepts and events across time but also disseminates information widely through various media. This case study investigates various visual depictions of fertility rates and observes the causes and effects of viewers’ decision making. The total fertility rates in Taiwan dropped dramatically from 1951 to 2006, according to the Department of Household Registration Affairs, Ministry of Interior (MOI), Taiwan. This drop not only will render the aging population greater than other age groups in the near future, but also greatly changes social, economic, and environmental progress in this region. This study’s small effort in the information design field will help create a link between practitioners’ intelligence and researchers’ suggestions, thereby helping enhance the effectiveness of visual communication.

scholarly journals The types of fertility patterns in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Majdzińska
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Postponement ◽  
Fertility Pattern

The aim of this paper is to present the types of fertility patterns that characterise European countries and their NUTS-1 units in the early 21st c. and in the near future. The types of fertility patterns were defined by ordering six five-year age groups of women aged from 15 to 44 years, according to the groups’ fertility rates (from the highest to the lowest). The analysis resulted in the creation of 14 different types of fertility patterns. Countries located in the same European region tend to have the same or similar type of fertility pattern. In most European countries, the postponement transition can be observed, and it will probably continue in the future. Differences between the fertility rates of the age groups were assessed within countries and between countries with the same type of fertility pattern by calculating the so-called fertility rate ratios. The paper also provides an overview of the main theories and concepts explaining the course of family formation processes in Europe and indicates factors that shape fertility patterns in European countries today.

EXPLORING EX-ANTE IMPACTS AND SOCIAL AND SPORTIVE CHALLENGES OF HOSTING A FUTURE NEW INTERNATIONAL MAJOR EVENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE WORLD ROLLER GAMES IN BARCELONA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saló ◽  
Laia López
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
City Image ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The City ◽  
The Postponement

Research Question: This analysis arises from the decision of the current local council of Barcelona regarding the postponement of the sporting mega-event ‘World Roller Games’, due to a lack of a social and sportive implication in this event. This research tries to shed some light on the matter and give evidence to the local council to become the world capital of skating. The research question is to analyse whether non-economic impacts could be relevant enough to organise a mega-event.Research Methods: The methodology is based on the perception and experience of spectators and participants on four main impacts (social, economic, sports city image and sports practice) using a survey from a National Roller Skating Championship in Spain, considering that this profile of respondents have a better knowledge of the current situation of this sport.Results and Findings: There are positive expected future consequences of this mega-event to be held in Barcelona in social and sportive terms. We can also conclude that the local council must still introduce some social and sportive policies in the city in order to improve the chances of success in social, sports practice and sportive brand image development.Implications: It is demonstrated that a mega-event should not be seen purely from a perspective of business generation, especially with minority sports like roller skating. There is a clear opportunity to develop social and sportive practice initiatives that can push social cohesion throughout the city thanks to a mega-event such as this one.

Statistical approach for describing failures and lifetimes of water mains

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Lei ◽  
Sveinung Sægrov
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Counting Process ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Near Future

This paper demonstrates the statistical approach for describing failures and lifetimes of water mains. The statistical approach is based on pipe inventory data and the maintenance data registered in the data base. The approach consists of data pre-processing and statistical analysis. Two classes of statistical models are applied, namely counting process models and lifetime models. With lifetime models, one can estimate the probability which a pipe will fail within a time horizon. With counting process models one can see the deteriorating (or improving) trend in time of a group of “identical” pipes and their rates of occurrence of failure (ROCOF). The case study with the data base from Trondheim municipality (Norway) demonstrates the applicability of the statistical approach and leads to the following results: 1). In the past 20 years, Trondheim municipality has experienced approximately 250 to 300 failures per year. However, the number of failures per year will significantly increase in the near future unless better maintenance practice is implemented now. 2). Unprotected ductile iron pipes have a higher probability of failures than other materials. The average lifetime of unprotected ductile iron pipes is approximately 30 to 40 years shorter than the lifetime of a cast iron pipe. 3). Pipes installed 1963 and 1975 are most likely to fail in the future; 4) The age of a pipe does not play a significant role for the remaining lifetime of the pipe; 5). After 2 to 3 failures, a pipe enters a fast-failure stage (i.e., frequent multiple between failures).

Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsha S. ◽  
Dr. Mamatha KV.
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

Buying with You, Selling with You, Praying with You

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents a second case study showing another concrete example of the issues to which probabilism was applied. Like the previous chapter, this chapter puts the theoretical and theological discussions on probabilism into the concrete social, economic, and cultural reality of the post-Reformation Catholic Church. This chapter explores the relationship between Catholic theology and money lending by examining the key role that probabilism played in helping theologians to maintain the traditional Catholic ban on usury while at the same time engaging with the burgeoning money-market economy and with other religious traditions with different doctrinal and social views on money, such as Judaism.

scholarly journals ArcGIS Urban: an application for plan assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Soward ◽  
Jianling Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Comprehensive Plans ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

AbstractMost cities in the United States rely on zoning to address important planning-related issues within their jurisdictions. Planners often use GIS tools to analyze these issues in a spatial context. ESRI’s ArcGIS Urban software seeks to provide the planning profession with a GIS-based solution for various challenges, including zoning’s impacts on the built environment and housing capacity.This research explores the use of ArcGIS Urban for assessing the existing zoning and comprehensive plans in meeting the projected residential growth in the near future using the City of Arlington, Texas as a case study. The exploration provides examples and lessons for how ArcGIS Urban might be used by planners to accomplish their tasks and highlights the capabilities and limitations of ArcGIS Urban in its current stand. The paper is concluded with some suggestions for future studies.

scholarly journals Case study of the beneficiary group distribution of curative care expenditure based on SHA 2011 in Xinjiang autonomous region, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043155
Author(s):  
Honghong Feng ◽  
Kai Pan ◽  
Xiaoju Li ◽  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Lu Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region

BackgroundThe System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2011) assists in health policy analysis and health expenditure comparison at the international level. Based on SHA 2011, this study analysed the distribution of beneficiary groups of curative care expenditure (CCE) in Xinjiang, to present suggestions for developing health policies.MethodsA total of 160 health institutions were selected using the multistage stratified random sampling method. An analysis of the agewise CCE distribution, institutional flow, and disease distribution was then performed based on the SHA 2011 accounting framework.ResultsIn 2016, the CCE in Xinjiang was ¥50.05 billion, accounting for 70.18% of current health expenditure and 6.66% of the gross domestic product. The per capita CCE was ¥2366.56. The CCE was distributed differently across age groups, with the highest spending on people over the age of 65 years. The CCE was highest for diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems. Most of the expenditure was incurred in hospitals and, to a lesser extent, in primary healthcare institutions. Family health expenditure, especially on children aged 14 years and below, accounted for a relatively high proportion of the CCE.ConclusionSHA 2011 was used to capture data, which was then analysed according to the newly added beneficiary dimension. The findings revealed that the use of medical resources is low, the scale of primary medical institutions needs to be significantly expanded and there is a need to optimise the CCE financing scheme. Therefore, the health policymaking department should optimise the relevant policies and improve the efficiency of health services.

scholarly journals Just Transition as a Tool for Preventing Energy Poverty among Women in Mining Areas—A Case Study of the Silesia Region, Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Olga Janikowska ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Transition Strategy ◽  
Mining Regions

The inevitable energy transformation can be perceived as an opportunity and as a threat to the actions undertaken to prevent energy poverty in European mining regions. Silesia is a special exemplification of the European region whose economy has been based on coal industry for centuries. There are still about 70,000 miners and coal is also widely used for heating households. Based on developed map of jobs lost in mining and related industry and the demographic and social data the proposal of activities addressed to different group of people has been created. It was also indicated that energy poverty in Poland mainly concerns households inhabited by single women. Therefore, the major conclusion of the paper is postulated that the Just Transition strategy should be extended by issues strictly related to the situation of women in the future labor market. Additionally, the concept of a special hub for women, whose aim would be professional activation of women of various age groups, has been introduced.

Effects of corrosion on a steel bowstring bridge in marine environment: A case-study of assessment and retrofit

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Michele Fabio Granata
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Spray Coating ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Near Future

The case-study of a steel bowstring bridge set in a marine environment and highly damaged by corrosion is presented. The bridge was built in 2004 and was repainted for corrosion protection in 2010. Despite the recent construction and the maintenance interventions, many structural elements like hangers are highly damaged by corrosion with decreasing performance in terms of serviceability and ultimate limit states. A deep investigation was carried out in order to assess the bridge and to establish the necessary retrofit actions to be carried out in the near future. In-situ tests reveal the reduced performance of the original steel in terms of strength and corrosion protection, together with the inefficiency of the successive maintenance interventions. The paper presents assessment of the bridge and retrofit measures, including replacement of the hangers and galvanization through thermal spray coating technology, in order to increase its service life. The results of the investigations and the intervention measures are outlined and discussed.

Indoor landmark-based path-finding utilising the expanded connectivity of an endpoint partition

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Pepijn Viaene ◽  
Alain De Wulf ◽  
Philippe De Maeyer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Path Finding ◽  
Breadth First Search ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Indoor Wayfinding

Landmarks are ideal wayfinding tools to guide a person from A to B as they allow fast reasoning and efficient communication. However, very few path-finding algorithms start from the availability of landmarks to generate a path. In this paper, which focuses on indoor wayfinding, a landmark-based path-finding algorithm is presented in which the endpoint partition is proposed as spatial model of the environment. In this model, the indoor environment is divided into convex sub-shapes, called e-spaces, that are stable with respect to the visual information provided by a person’s surroundings (e.g. walls, landmarks). The algorithm itself implements a breadth-first search on a graph in which mutually visible e-spaces suited for wayfinding are connected. The results of a case study, in which the calculated paths were compared with their corresponding shortest paths, show that the proposed algorithm is a valuable alternative for Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. It is able to calculate a path with a minimal amount of actions that are linked to landmarks, while the path length increase is comparable to the increase observed when applying other path algorithms that adhere to natural wayfinding behaviour. However, the practicability of the proposed algorithm is highly dependent on the availability of landmarks and on the spatial configuration of the building.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document