scholarly journals Identifying partially schematic units in the code-mixing of an English and German speaking child

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Endesfelder Quick ◽  
Elena Lieven ◽  
Malinda Carpenter ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
German Speaking

Abstract Intra-sentential code-mixing presents a number of puzzles for theories of bilingualism. In this paper, we examine the code-mixed English-German utterances of a young English-German-Spanish trilingual child between 1;10 – 3;1, using both an extensive diary kept by the mother and audio recordings. We address the interplay between lexical and syntactic aspects of language use outlined in the usage-based approach (e.g. Tomasello, 2003). The data suggest that partially schematic constructions play an important role in the code-mixing of this child. In addition, we find, first, that the code-mixing was not mainly the result of lexical gaps. Second, there was more mixing of German function words than content words. Third, code-mixed utterances often consisted of the use of a partially schematic construction with the open slot filled by material from the other language. These results raise a number of important issues for all theoretical approaches to code mixing, which we discuss.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN BAHASA MAHASISWA MULTIETNIK DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL (THE USE OF LANGUAGE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOCIAL MEDIA)

JALABAHASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Emma Maemunah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Student Community ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Method

Keberagaman etnik dalam komunitas mahasiswa memunculkan suatu nuansa dan fenomena yang khas dan berbeda dalam penggunaan bahasa. Masyarakat multietnik cenderung menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda-beda ketika berkomunikasi dengan etnik satu dan etnik lainnya. Keberagaman etnik dan bahasa tersebut memungkinkan seseorang menjadi mampu menggunakan lebih dari satu bahasa. Komunikasi saat ini dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai media, salah satunya adalah media sosial. Banyak sekali media sosial yang dapat digunakan untuk berkomunikasi, seperti facebook, twitter, bbm (blackberry messenger), line, dan whatsapp. Penelitian dengan ancangan sosiolinguistik dan metode kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bahasa yang digunakan dalam komunitas mahasiswa multietnik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa multietnik di Kota Semarang dalam media sosial adalah bahasa Indonesia, bahasa daerah, dan bahasa asing. Kemultietnikan mahasiswa dengan bahasa yang berbeda mengakibatkan penggunaan campur kode. Faktor penyebab penggunaan bahasa tertentu antarmahasiswa multietnik adalah stimulus atau inisiasi yang disampaikan oleh penutur pertama. Selain itu, faktor latar atau situasi bahasa tertentu digunakan, faktor penutur dan petutur yang melakukan percakapan, maksud dan tujuan yang diinginkan oleh penutur dan petutur, bentuk pesan dan isi pesan yang dipilih oleh penutur dan petutur turut memengaruhi bahasa yang digunakan. ABSTRACT The ethnical variety in the university student community has brought a unique phenomena and different nuance in their language use. The students in the multiethnic community tend to use various languages to communicate to each other. Those various ethnics and languages would encourage the member of the community to use more than one language. In the other hand, people could communicate nowadays through all sorts of media. One of them is social media. Some of the social medias such as facebook, tweeter, bbm (blackberry messenger), line, and whatsapp could be used as mean of communication. This research uses approach in sociolinguistics and qualitative-descriptive method. The aim of this research is describing the language use in students’ multiethnic community. The result shows that the language used in multiethnic students in Semarang in social media is Indonesian, local, and foreign languages. The students in different language multiethnic community used the code-mixing. The factor that causes a certain language use in multiethnic students is the stimulus or the initiation uttered by the fi rst speaker. The other factor such as setting or situation where a certain language used, speaker, and hearer that are involved in the conversation, form and contain of the message chosen by the speaker and the hearer, have also infl uence the language used. 

“Channeling” the powers of God’s Word

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
New Materials ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Starting with the controversial esoteric employment of audio recordings by followers of the charismatic Muslim preacher Sharif Haidara in Mali, the article explores the dynamics emerging at the interface of different technologies and techniques employed by those engaging the realm of the Divine. I focus attention on the “border zone” between, on the one hand, techniques for appropriating scriptures based on long-standing religious conventions, and, on the other, audio recording technologies, whose adoption not yet established authoritative and standardized forms of practice, thereby generating insecurities and becoming the subject of heated debate. I argue that “recyclage” aptly describes the dynamics of this “border zone” because it captures the ways conventional techniques of accessing the Divine are reassessed and reemployed, by integrating new materials and rituals. Historically, appropriations of the Qur’an for esoteric purposes have been widespread in Muslim West Africa. These esoteric appropriations are at the basis of the considerable continuities, overlaps and crossovers, between scripture-related esoteric practices on one side, and the treatment by Sharif Haidara’s followers of audio taped sermons as vessels of his spiritual power, on the other.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern: Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Aldona Sopata ◽  
Kamil Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Constrained Input

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.

Romance and Latin approaches to word structure features

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gibert-Sotelo ◽  
Isabel Pujol Payet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The interest in morphology and its interaction with the other grammatical components has increased in the last twenty years, with new approaches coming into stage so as to get more accurate analyses of the processes involved in morphological construal. This special issue is a valuable contribution to this field of study. It gathers a selection of five papers from the Morphology and Syntax workshop (University of Girona, July 2017) which, on the basis of Romance and Latin phenomena, discuss word structure and its decomposition into hierarchies of features. Even though the papers share a compositional view of lexical items, they adopt different formal theoretical approaches to the lexicon-syntax interface, thus showing the benefit of bearing in mind the possibilities that each framework provides. This introductory paper serves as a guide for the readers of this special collection and offers an overview of the topics dealt in each contribution.

scholarly journals The relevance of first language attrition to theories of bilingual development

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika S. Schmid ◽  
Barbara Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Attrition ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
First Language Attrition ◽  
Bilingual Development

Abstract Research on second language acquisition and bilingual development strongly suggests that when a previously monolingual speaker becomes multilingual, the different languages do not exist in isolation: they are closely linked, dependent on each other, and there is constant interaction between these different knowledge systems. Theoretical frameworks of bilingual development acknowledge this insofar as they usually draw heavily on evidence of how the native language influences subsequent languages, and how and to what degree this influence can eventually be overcome. The fact that such crosslinguistic transfer is not a one-way street, and that the native language is similarly influenced by later learned languages, on the other hand, is often disregarded. We review the evidence on how later learned languages can re-shape the L1 in the immediate and the longer term and demonstrate how such phenomena may be used to inform, challenge and validate theoretical approaches of bilingual development.

Discourse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Poesio
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Hierarchy Theory ◽  
Discourse Representation Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Discourse Model ◽  
Relational Coherence ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intentional Structure

Discourse is the area of linguistics concerned with the aspects of language use that go beyond the sentence—and in particular, with the study of coherence and salience. In this chapter we present a few key theories of these phenomena. We distinguish between two main types of coherence: entity coherence, primarily established through anaphora; and relational coherence, expressed through connectives and other relational devices. Our discussion of anaphora and entity coherence covers the basic facts about anaphoric reference and introduces the dynamic approach to the semantics of anaphora implemented in theories such as Discourse Representation Theory, based on the notion of discourse model and its updates. With regards to relational coherence, we review some of the main claims about the relational structure of discourse—such as the claim that coherent discourses have a tree structure, or the right frontier hypothesis—and four main theoretical approaches: Rhetorical Structure Theory, Grosz and Sidner’s intentional structure theory, the inference-based approach developed by Hobbs and expanded in Segmented DRT, and the connective-based account. Finally we cover theories of local and global salience and its effects, including Gundel’s Activation Hierarchy theory and Grosz and Sidner’s theory of the local and global focus.

The Politics of Pronunciation among German-Speaking Mennonites in Northern Mexico

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
German Language ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Low German ◽  
Politics Of Language ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Modern Technologies

This chapter discusses the politics of language use in collective singing among conserving Mennonites in northern Mexico. The group migrated to Mexico from Canada to distance itself from the worldly influences of modern technologies and secular society in general. In the new environment the German language stands as a symbolic marker, distinguishing Mennonites from the wider society. The chapter shows how further in-group linguistic distinctions are marked through uses of High and Low German (drawing on the wider class associations of the two languages), in which a distinct “a” (pronounced “au”) from Low German is often employed in contexts of High German use. The chapter explores what happens when this distinctive pronunciation is used politically in collective song as an expression of defiance by individual singers and the tensions that result when collective song becomes a space for “phonological expressions of difference.”

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Language Proficiency in Heritage Language: The Case of Young Russian Heritage Speakers in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-329
Author(s):  
Tamara Vorobyeva ◽  
Aurora Bel
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Family Language

Abstract This study focuses on the issue of language proficiency attainment among young heritage speakers of Russian living in Spain and examines factors that have been claimed to promote heritage language proficiency, namely, age, gender, age of onset to L2, quantity of exposure and family language use. A group of 30 Russian-Spanish-Catalan trilingual children aged 7–11 participated in the study. In order to measure heritage language proficiency (L1 Russian), oral narratives were elicited. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between L1 proficiency and three sociolinguistic variables (age of onset to L2, quantity of exposure and family language use). Additionally, the multiply regression model demonstrated that the only significant variable affecting language proficiency was family language use and it accounted only for 33% of the variation of children’s language proficiency. The study raises the question about what are the other, yet unknown factors, which can affect heritage language proficiency.

scholarly journals Sprachgeographische Aspekte der Morphologie und Verschriftung in schweizerdeutschen Chats

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Siebenhaar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Identical Distribution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
German Speaking

The regional chat-rooms in Switzerland show an extremely high portion of dialectal contributions (up to 90%). This non-standardized spontaneous writing of a dialectal language still reflects the geolinguistic distribution described in the linguistic atlas of German speaking Switzerland SDS (1962-1997) based on recordings of the 1940s and 1950s. This paper shows some reflexes of this geolinguistic distribution in four chat-rooms. The graphemic representation of the ending vowel of infinitives clearly confirms the traditional structure. Deviating e-graphemes in chat-rooms of alpine regions can be rated as common Swiss German variants for centralized vowels. On the other hand ä-graphemes in chat-rooms of the Swiss midlands are to be rated as marking of the phonetic deviation from the standard German pronunciation. This variation is not only found in inherited words, but also in neologisms with an almost identical distribution. The SDS illustrates a distribution for the use of t-endings in the 2nd and 3rd singular of sein 'to be'. These t-flexives cannot be found anymore in midland chat-rooms. They appear only in alpine chat-rooms, and there they become morphologized in a new way. The dialectal writing of neologisms confirms the validity of the principles for the Standard German writing.

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