Explanatory content and visibility effects on the young child’s verbal and gestural behavior in free dialogues

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-211
Author(s):  
Audrey Mazur-Palandre ◽  
Kristine Lund
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Old French ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Spatial Game ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Representational Gestures

In this study we analyzed the verbal and gestural behavior of 6-year-old French children during free dialogue explanation. We expected that children would alter their gestures according to content explained and interlocutor visibility. Thirty children explained two games to a peer: fifteen could not see their interlocutor whereas fifteen could. Results showed that the mean number of clauses per explanation of a child speaker interacting with a child addressee did not significantly change according to content explained or the visibility of the addressee. However, the mean number of gestures per clause is higher for a child speaker interacting with a child addressee both when explaining the spatial game and when face-to-face. Finally, children explaining how to play a spatial game produced more representational gestures and made more interactive gestures when the addressee was visible. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies on children’s language production and acquisition.

Response Rates in Online Surveys With Affective Disorder Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak ◽  
Nadine Wedderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Survey Participation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
E Mail

Abstract. A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether response rates to online psychology surveys have decreased over time and the effect of specific design characteristics (contact mode, burden of participation, and incentives) on response rates. The meta-analysis is restricted to samples of adults with depression or general anxiety disorder. Time and study design effects are tested using mixed-effects meta-regressions as implemented in the metafor package in R. The mean response rate of the 20 studies fulfilling our meta-analytic inclusion criteria is approximately 43%. Response rates are lower in more recently conducted surveys and in surveys employing longer questionnaires. Furthermore, we found that personal invitations, for example, via telephone or face-to-face contacts, yielded higher response rates compared to e-mail invitations. As predicted by sensitivity reinforcement theory, no effect of incentives on survey participation in this specific group (scoring high on neuroticism) could be observed.

The effect of face-to-face and virtual prenatal care training of spouses on the pregnancy experience and fear of childbirth of primiparous women: A controlled quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110241
Author(s):  
Zari Doaltabadi ◽  
Leila Amiri-Farahani ◽  
Seyedeh Batool Hasanpoor-Azghady ◽  
Shima Haghani
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Care Training ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primiparous Women

Introduction The spouse has a special role in promoting the health of mothers and infants during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Women's health during pregnancy requires the participation and cooperation of their spouses. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of face-to-face and virtual prenatal care training of spouses on the pregnancy experience and fear of childbirth of primiparous women. Methods This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial that was conducted on primiparous pregnant women referring to three prenatal clinics in Tehran, Iran. Sampling was done by available method and pregnant women were divided into three groups of face-to-face training ( n = 35), virtual training ( n = 35), and control ( n = 33). The content of training program in the virtual and face-to-face groups was similar and included; nutrition during pregnancy, emotional support, fetal growth and development, advantages and disadvantages of vaginal delivery, planning for delivery, infant care, and danger signs for infants, which were presented in four sessions. The samples in the control group did not receive any training. In the 18th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, the demographic information form, pregnancy experience scale, and version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaires were completed, and once again in the 37th and 38th weeks of pregnancy, the pregnancy experience scale and version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaires were completed. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of pregnancy experience after the intervention between the face-to-face training and control groups ( p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of uplifts between the two groups of face-to-face training and control ( p = 0.01), and also between virtual training and control groups ( p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of face-to-face training and control in terms of and hassles score after the intervention ( p = 0.04). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of face-to-face training and control ( p = 0.02) and also between virtual training and control ( p = 0.04) in terms of the mean score of fear of childbirth after the intervention. Conclusion The results of this study showed that teaching prenatal care to spouses of primiparous women by face-to-face and virtual methods can be a useful intervention in improving the pregnancy experience and reducing the fear of childbirth among primiparous women.

Willingness of tobacco farmers to accept compensation for tobacco crop substitution in Lichuan City, China

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056751
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wan ◽  
Jianjun Jin ◽  
Shenghong Ran
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The Government

ObjectiveThis study, conducted in China, explores tobacco farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for tobacco crop substitution.MethodsThe contingent valuation method was used to elicit farmers’ WTA compensation. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 280 tobacco farmers in Lichuan City, China. The standard logit regressions were used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ WTA.ResultsWithout compensation, most of the respondents were unwilling to implement tobacco crop substitution. However, if the government provided compensation, the proportion of respondents’ willingness for substitution increased to 86.7%. Male tobacco farmers are more likely to accept a given compensation value than female farmers. Older tobacco farmers have a higher probability of accepting compensation. The number of farmers engaged in tobacco growing in a family is negatively associated with the probability of accepting a given compensation amount. Tobacco farmers with greater confidence in the expected benefits of tobacco crop substitution tend to be more willing to accept compensation. The mean WTA estimate was achieved as US$2020.35/ha/year.ConclusionsIf appropriate compensation is provided for tobacco farmers, there is a potential to implement the tobacco crop substitution policy in the study area.

scholarly journals Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Wazirista

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mati Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Noman Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Nightmares badly influence health and learning. Population of the study comprised of all boys and girls of Secondary Schools in NWA whereas (n=403) respondents, 202(50.12%) boys and 201(49.88%) girls were taken as sample from the entire population. Face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents through stratified random sampling technique. The key objective of the study was to examine relationship of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Data was delimited to Secondary School students in NWA. Data was statistically analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson Correlation. The respondents perceived nightmares responsible for students’ poor health and low academic achievement. The Mean value of nightmare was 3.2109, SD, 1.43263, and (p, .000 < 0.05) with negative ‘r’= - .355** which shows negative correlation of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Results and conclusions were drawn. Recommendations were suggested for future researchers and further improvement in the study.

scholarly journals Back to the medical classes-Part I- Strategy for return to the presential practices during COVID-19 pandemics in a Brazilian Medical School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora Nogueira Saad ◽  
Vinicius Cesar Jardim Pereira ◽  
Arnaldo Costa Bueno ◽  
Alan Araujo Vieira ◽  
Maria de Fatima Pombo March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Symptomatic Case ◽  
Remote Training ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: In Brazil, practices of medical students have been interrupted due to COVID-19 to meet emergency demands. Aim: To describe a strategy for a controlled return to the presential practices for medical students. Methods: We developed a standardized protocol to be applied before and during the return of the practical classes in medical students of Universidade Federal Fluminense, in the follow months after COVID-19 pandemic beginning. The protocol was comprised in three parts: Remote training on COVID-19 prevention; Face-to-face training focused in COVID-19 prevention, handwashing and personal protective equipment use; Investigation of students COVID-19 status before starting practical activities and weekly monitoring for COVID-19 during seven weeks. The training was done by medical teachers in small groups for medical students of the last lective semester. Results: The classes were interrupted on March 12, 2020 and returned in August 10, 2020. Seventy-one students were trained and followed. The mean age was 26.6 years (26.7 +/- 0.835) and 54% were female. Forty-nine (69%) students over 71 had a private health insurance, 60 (84.5%) shared a house/apartment with one or more person and 12(16.9%) reported a previous comorbidity. Eighteen (25.4%) over 71 reported previous symptoms of COVID-19, being positive in two students. During the follow-up, fourteen (19.7%) over 71 students were placed in quarantine due to signals/symptoms compatible with COVID-19 or contact with symptomatic case. Only two cases (2.8%) were confirmed and occurred in Brazilian epidemiological week 37. Conclusion: The protocol was successful in minimizing COVID-19 acquisition during practical classes of medical students.

The Epidemiology of Migraine Headache in General Population of Tehran, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Rabiee ◽  
Atefeh Zeinoddini ◽  
Ramin Kordi ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Payam Mohammadinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Background: Migraine as one of the most common types of headache is known to cause serious intervention with routine activities of affected individuals due to the devastating nature of attacks. The aim of this study was to provide epidemiological data of migraine in Iranian general population. Methods: In this cross-sectional general population study, migraine diagnoses (both episodic and chronic) were based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Face-to-face interviews were performed by 5 trained medical interns on a sample size of 2,300 people aged 12-65 years. Results: A total number of 2,076 subjects were enrolled for final analysis. The mean age of the subjects at the time of the study was 36.27 ± 14.56 years (age range 12-65 years). The 1-year prevalence of migraine was 27.6%. The prevalence of migraine among female subjects was significantly higher than among male subjects (36.7 vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001). The mean age of the subjects with migraine was 35.9 ± 12.96 years. Totally, 49.9% of migraine sufferers experienced at least one episode of aura. The most prevalent type of aura was numbness reported in 32.4% of migraine subjects. Conclusions: Despite the higher prevalence of migraine among Iranian general population compared to most of the other populations investigated by previous studies, these individuals experience a less severe course of disease.

The role of cancer Nurse coordinator in foregut malignancy: Workload and costing considerations in the Australian setting

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20559-e20559
Author(s):  
F. M. Wade ◽  
N. Pavlakis ◽  
I. Receveur ◽  
S. Leibman ◽  
G. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Nurse Coordinator ◽  
Multidisciplinary Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgical Unit ◽  
Gastric Malignancy

e20559 Background: Foregut (esophageal and gastric) malignancy (FM) encompasses a number of diseases with poor outlook and complex and often morbid treatment. In keeping with world wide trends, the investigation and management of patients with FM is undertaken in the context of a multidisciplinary group consisting medical, nursing and paramedical specialists. Crucial to the delivery of co-ordinated and compassionate care is the Cancer Nurse Co-ordinator (CNC). Further, the CNC is pivotal in ensuring that benchmarks regarding intervals from diagnosis, to multidisciplinary assessment to treatment commencement are met. The aim of this study was to quantify the workload of the CNC in a newly established esophagogastric surgical unit. Methods: Clinical data and data regarding workload of the CNC in our unit was recorded prospectively. Results: Of 218 patients with newly diagnosed FM referred to our unit between November 2005 and December 2008 198 (91%) were seen by the CNC. The number of cancers arising from the esophagus or esophagogastric junction was 135 (62%), stomach 78 (36%) and small bowel 5 (2%). The interval between CNC referral and initial contact was 4 days (range -13 to 40 days) and 89 (45%) patients were seen at the initial consultation with the surgeon. The mean number of CNC contacts with individual patients was 18 (range 1–76), comprising 9 (range 0–42) face to face consultations, 9 (range 0–58) telephone contacts and 0.2 (range 0–14) email contacts. Referrals to other support services were made for 164 (83%) patients with an average of 1 referral made per patient. This workload was carried out over 29 hours per fortnight at $43 AUD per hour. The average cost per patient with FM cared for by the CNC was $491 AUD ($349 USD). Conclusions: The complex care of patients with FM is augmented by the presence of a specialist CNC. The resource requirement for CNC funding is a small proportion on the costs of overall patient treatment and represents a prudent use of finite health care resources. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Iran

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Jamshid ◽  
Hosein Khalili ◽  
Reza Jooybar ◽  
Nooreddin Namazi ◽  
Pedram Mohammadagaei
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

The current research assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Shiraz, Iran by randomly selecting 1,335 subjects (782 men and 553 women) from the city for a face-to-face interview and completion of a questionnaire. Of the participants, 205 (26%) of the men and 20 (3.6%) of the women reported being current smokers. The mean ages of smokers and nonsmokers were 41.8 and 37.0 yr., respectively (range between 16 and 90 years for smokers and nonsmokers). The mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes was 21.3 yr. (range of 10 to 60). The most common reasons for current cigarette smoking were Need to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Foreign filter-tipped cigarettes were the most common type consumed. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 13.4 ( SD = 10.3). Reports for onset of cigarette smoking included Modeling. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Cigarette smoking was reported by more males than females. The most common reason for onset of cigarette smoking was different from that for current smoking. Frequencies of smokers within age groups were varied.

Analysis of live interactive teledermatologic consultations for prisoners in Korea for 3 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Seol ◽  
So Hee Park ◽  
Hyojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dermatologic Disease

Introduction Teledermatology has contributed to the enhanced accessibility of underserved populations. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of dermatologic diseases in prisoners in Korea through live interactive teledermatology (LITD) Method The medical records of patients in a Busan prison, who interacted with a dermatologist using LITD from July 2013 to August 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. Results The mean age of the 406 patients enrolled in the study was 39.0 years and 91.4% were male. Infectious disease (42.8%) was the most common type of disease, followed by eczematous disease (29.4%) and diseases of the skin appendages (14.5%). Among the 187 (38.2%) patients who had a follow-up consultation, 162 (86.7%) showed clinical improvement, whereas 21 showed either no change or a worse clinical outcome. Twenty patients were diagnosed with different types of dermatologic disease at follow-up consultations. Discussion LITD can contribute to a favourable clinical outcome and may thus be an effective alternative to face-to-face consultation in prisoners and other underserved populations.

scholarly journals Mother’s Characteristics, Knowledge and Practices about Children Burn Injury in Sulaimani City

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman M. Ibrahem ◽  
Kamal J. Rashed ◽  
Muhammed Babakir- Mina ◽  
Bakhtyar K. Muhamed
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Practice Level ◽  
Good Score ◽  
The Mean

Burn is described as one of the leading causes of injury throughout the world, and is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to determine mother’s characteristics, Knowledge and practices for burn injuries and burn infection prevention. A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken in Sulaimani city, Iraq, from October 2015 to July 2016. Participants were evaluated using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Data were computerized and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 software. A total of 126 mothers who had burn injury in their children and admitted to burning hospital during the study period, the mean score knowledge of mothers was (3.63), the mean score practice of mothers accounted (4.63), the respondent practice score ranged from (1-8). They had poor, intermediate, and good score knowledge about burns injury and burn infection 79.37%, 18.25%, and 2.38% respectively. In regard to mother’s related practice, there were 66.67% within poor practice level, 30.95% of an intermediate level, and 2.38% had a good practice level. The study shows that mother knowledge and practice in Sulaimani city in relation to burn injury and infection among their children was at a low level and the local health authority should incorporate health education for parents, especially mothers in the prevention of pediatric burn at home involving hot liquid and flames also other domestic hazardous as well as the important activities after burn or pre-hospital admission.

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