Co-ordination of spatial perspectives in response to addressee feedback

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-545
Author(s):  
Kavita E. Thomas ◽  
Elena Andonova
Keyword(s):  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Perspective Switching ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Update Rules ◽  
Clarification Request

In this paper we investigate the effect of level of understanding revealed by feedback in the form of clarification requests from a route follower on a route giver’s spatial perspective choice in their response in route instruction dialogues. In an experiment varying the level of understanding displayed by route follower clarification requests (the independent variable), route giver perspective switching in response to this feedback is investigated. Three levels of understanding displayed by feedback are investigated: (1) low-level clarification requests indicating that the instruction was not processed, (2) semantic-level clarification requests indicating that the spatial direction given in the instruction could not be resolved as the speaker of the clarification request could not interpret which perspective was intended, and (3) high-level feedback which indicates that the route giver’s instruction was understood but which note an obstacle to following the instruction. Results show that perspective choice, which is a conceptual feature of language use, is sensitive to perceived level of addressee understanding. We found that route givers consistently switch perspectives in responding to semantic-level clarification requests but not in response to low-level ones, and also that switching occurs more for high-level feedback than for low-level feedback. We address how dialogue systems can take advantage of these findings by modelling our results in an Information State model of dialogue, presenting update rules for response generation which account for our findings and also update rules which enable generation of the feedback themselves.

Influence of Irrational Beliefs and Sensitivity to a Person on Future Psychology Students’ Propensity to Coercion or Nonviolence

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
V.G. Maralov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Sitarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dependent Type

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of identifying factors that determine the propensity of students to coercion or nonviolence, creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the socionomic sphere of nonviolent competencies for future specialists at universities. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of nonviolence as a daily practice of interaction, by which we understand the ability of a person to choose from a number of possible alternatives that carry the least charge of coercion. The aim of the work was to study the influence of irrational beliefs and sensitivity to a person (interest, empathy, understanding and assistance) on the students’ tendency to coercion, manipulation, non-violence and non-interference in the processes of interaction with people. The hypothesis was tested that the tendency of students to coercion, manipulation, and noninterference will be due to expressed irrational beliefs and low level of sensitivity to a person and the tendency to non-violence will be explained by the absence of irrational beliefs and a high level of sensitivity to a person. The study involved 125 students of pedagogical and psychological faculties of the Moscow Humanitarian and Cherepovets State universities. The authors used questionnaires to identify the positions of interaction among students and sensitivity to a person, as well as a list of irrational beliefs proposed by A. Beck and A. Freeman. It is established that the tendency to both coercion and manipulation are determined by the beliefs of anti-social type and low sensitivity to the person. The tendency to manipulate the narcissistic beliefs, high interest in people and understanding them, at the same time the tendency to non-violence and non-interference are determined by beliefs of avoidant and dependent types with a low level of understanding people. And a tendency to non-interference is determined by beliefs of dependent type with unexpressed orientation on helping. The tendency to nonviolence is determined by the high sensitivity to a person and the absence of irrational beliefs of antisocial, passive-aggressive and narcissistic types. As a result, the conclusion is made about the need to form purposefully the ability to nonviolent interaction among students, which should include the work on awareness and overcoming irrational beliefs and the development of sensitivity to a person. The obtained results can be used in practical work with students on the formation of their nonviolent competencies.

scholarly journals Image Searching System

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Eduard Yakubchykt ◽  
◽  
Iryna Yurchak
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Multimedia Databases ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Calculation Algorithms ◽  
Similar Images ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Finding similar images on a visual sample is a difficult AI task, to solve which many works are devoted. The problem is to determine the essential properties of images of low and higher semantic level. Based on them, a vector of features is built, which will be used in the future to compare pairs of images. Each pair always includes an image from the collection and a sample image that the user is looking for. The result of the comparison is a quantity called the visual relativity of the images. Image properties are called features and are evaluated by calculation algorithms. Image features can be divided into low-level and high-level. Low-level features include basic colors, textures, shapes, significant elements of the whole image. These features are used as part of more complex recognition tasks. The main progress is in the definition of high-level features, which is associated with understanding the content of images. In this paper, research of modern algorithms is done for finding similar images in large multimedia databases. The main problems of determining high-level image features, algorithms of overcoming them and application of effective algorithms are described. The algorithms used to quickly determine the semantic content and improve the search accuracy of similar images are presented. The aim: The purpose of work is to conduct comparative analysis of modern image retrieval algorithms and retrieve its weakness and strength.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSEPSI NAZHIR TERHADAP WAKAF UANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmat Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Media ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Law ◽  
Level Of Understanding

This research is motivated by the low level of understanding the cash waqf, nazhir and understanding of the Law number 41 of 2004 on endowments. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors are influencing perceptions cash waqf of nazhir. This research is a descriptive type of research-correlational (causal) by looking at the factors that have the independent variable to see is there a relationship and how much influence each independent variable to the varaiable binding. The method used to analyze the data are descriptive analysisi and logistic regression. This research done in Kebayoran baru district of South Jakarta through questionnaires from 60 respondents. The result of this study showed that perception nazhir influenced by the media access information and understanding of charitable regulation.

Automatic Image Annotation Using Semantic Subspace Graph Spectral Clustering Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 1090-1095
Author(s):  
Yu Tang Guo ◽  
Chang Gang Han
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Level

Due to the existing of the semantic gap, images with the same or similar low level features are possibly different on semantic level. How to find the underlying relationship between the high-level semantic and low level features is one of the difficult problems for image annotation. In this paper, a new image annotation method based on graph spectral clustering with the consistency of semantics is proposed with detailed analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of the existed image annotation methods. The proposed method firstly cluster image into several semantic classes by semantic similarity measurement in the semantic subspace. Within each semantic class, images are re-clustered with visual features of region Then, the joint probability distribution of blobs and words was modeled by using Multiple-Bernoulli Relevance Model. We can annotate a unannotated image by using the joint distribution. Experimental results show the the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of quality of the image annotation. the consistency of high-level semantics and low level features is efficiently achieved.

scholarly journals ECT: a patient-friendly procedure?

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Riordan ◽  
Philip Barron ◽  
Melanie F. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Patient Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level

Electroconvulsive therapy is widely seen by the public as a barbaric and outmoded form of treatment. Even within groups of health care professionals, ECT does not have a ‘good press’. Most research into the area of patient attitudes to ECT has been retrospective and often considerably so, and is therefore unlikely to illustrate patients' feelings about a course of treatment at the time it took place (Freeman & Kendell, 1980; Kerr et al, 1982). The only prospective study is that by Malcolm (1989). This showed a low level of understanding of treatment and a high level of anxiety both before treatment and afterwards, but, despite this, a high level of compliance with ECT therapy.Our aim was to re-examine these findings in order to find a way of improving the experience of ECT.

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Marketers Project Their Personal Preferences onto Consumers: Overcoming the Threat of Egocentric Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372199837
Author(s):  
Walter Herzog ◽  
Johannes D. Hattula ◽  
Darren W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
False Consensus Effect ◽  
False Consensus ◽  
High Level

This research explores how marketing managers can avoid the so-called false consensus effect—the egocentric tendency to project personal preferences onto consumers. Two pilot studies were conducted to provide evidence for the managerial importance of this research question and to explore how marketing managers attempt to avoid false consensus effects in practice. The results suggest that the debiasing tactic most frequently used by marketers is to suppress their personal preferences when predicting consumer preferences. Four subsequent studies show that, ironically, this debiasing tactic can backfire and increase managers’ susceptibility to the false consensus effect. Specifically, the results suggest that these backfire effects are most likely to occur for managers with a low level of preference certainty. In contrast, the results imply that preference suppression does not backfire but instead decreases false consensus effects for managers with a high level of preference certainty. Finally, the studies explore the mechanism behind these results and show how managers can ultimately avoid false consensus effects—regardless of their level of preference certainty and without risking backfire effects.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals The high-level benefits of low-level sandboxing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sammler ◽  
Deepak Garg ◽  
Derek Dreyer ◽  
Tadeusz Litak
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
High Level
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