Influence of Irrational Beliefs and Sensitivity to a Person on Future Psychology Students’ Propensity to Coercion or Nonviolence

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
V.G. Maralov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Sitarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dependent Type

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of identifying factors that determine the propensity of students to coercion or nonviolence, creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the socionomic sphere of nonviolent competencies for future specialists at universities. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of nonviolence as a daily practice of interaction, by which we understand the ability of a person to choose from a number of possible alternatives that carry the least charge of coercion. The aim of the work was to study the influence of irrational beliefs and sensitivity to a person (interest, empathy, understanding and assistance) on the students’ tendency to coercion, manipulation, non-violence and non-interference in the processes of interaction with people. The hypothesis was tested that the tendency of students to coercion, manipulation, and noninterference will be due to expressed irrational beliefs and low level of sensitivity to a person and the tendency to non-violence will be explained by the absence of irrational beliefs and a high level of sensitivity to a person. The study involved 125 students of pedagogical and psychological faculties of the Moscow Humanitarian and Cherepovets State universities. The authors used questionnaires to identify the positions of interaction among students and sensitivity to a person, as well as a list of irrational beliefs proposed by A. Beck and A. Freeman. It is established that the tendency to both coercion and manipulation are determined by the beliefs of anti-social type and low sensitivity to the person. The tendency to manipulate the narcissistic beliefs, high interest in people and understanding them, at the same time the tendency to non-violence and non-interference are determined by beliefs of avoidant and dependent types with a low level of understanding people. And a tendency to non-interference is determined by beliefs of dependent type with unexpressed orientation on helping. The tendency to nonviolence is determined by the high sensitivity to a person and the absence of irrational beliefs of antisocial, passive-aggressive and narcissistic types. As a result, the conclusion is made about the need to form purposefully the ability to nonviolent interaction among students, which should include the work on awareness and overcoming irrational beliefs and the development of sensitivity to a person. The obtained results can be used in practical work with students on the formation of their nonviolent competencies.

scholarly journals POSITIONS OF NON-VIOLENCE AND NON-INTERFERENCE IN STUDENTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
V. G. Maralov ◽  
V. A. Sitarov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Professional Competency ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Introduction. The ability to non-violent interaction acts as the most important indicator of professional competency of specialists of “person to person” type occupations: teachers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, etc. Such ability has to be formed at the stage of higher education institution. To build the conditions for development and consolidation in students of the position of non-violence and to neutralise propensity to coercion and manipulation, it is necessary to provide regular monitoring on the identification of prevalent psychological attitudes in students: coercion, manipulation, non-violence, non-interference, including the analysis of their structure and content. However, correctional work with students can become complicated by their internal resistance to the need to change personally, overcoming the developed stereotypes and attitudes, as well as by ambiguity of potential deformations of positions similar to non-violence, but not similar to its positions.The aim of the present research consisted in comparative characteristic of positions of non-violence and non-interference in students of psycho-pedagogical and medical specialties.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research was based on the provisions of modern philosophy, pedagogics and psychology about non-violence as a universal human value. As a diagnostic tool, the authors designed the questionnaires to identify the types of students’ interaction with people and the positions held by students. The tests of “Motivation to Success” and “Motivation of Failure Avoidance” by T. Ehlers, the test-questionnaire “Readiness for risk” by G. Schubert, “Method for Studying Trust to Own Self” by N. B. Astanina were employed. The total sample involved 362 students of the Moscow University for the Humanities, Cherepovets State University and Ivanovo State Medical Academy. To conduct the comparative analysis, the groups of students with the expressed non-violence position – 81 persons (22.38% of the total sample) and students with the expressed non-interference position – 34 persons (9.39% of the total sample) were allocated. The statistical significance of distinctions was calculated using of the Fisher’s angular transformation. Results and scientific novelty. As a result, it was established that a low level of irritability to people, high sensitivity to people, moderate expressiveness of motivation of success achievement and readiness to take the reasonable risk are common to students with prevalence of the position of non-violence. The respondents of this group demonstrated the dominant need for safety, which is expressed in high sensitivity to threats and choice of adequate ways of reaction in life-threatening situations with the average level of own credibility. The higher potential of irritability, low sensitivity to other people, tendency to failures avoiding and desire not to risk prevail among the students with the expressed position of non-interference. The need for experience of feeling safety, low sensitivity to threats, the aspiration to exaggerate value of dangers and low level of own credibility characterise the students of the group described above. The authors concluded that sensitivity to another person and own credibility act as the key factors, which cause the acceptance by students of the positions of non-violence or non-interference.Practical significance. The received results can be used in the course of formation of students’ ability to non-violent interaction as the most important professional competency of future specialists of “person to person” type occupations. 

CLINICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL APPROACH TO ENDOTYPING AND BASIC THERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Mokina N.A. ◽  
Chertuchina O.B. ◽  
Vdovenko S.A. ◽  
Ponomarev V.A. ◽  
Mokin E.D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Moderate Asthma ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
Beta Agonists ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
High Level

To study the significant characteristics of the endotypes of bronchial asthma (BA) in children, with the choice of a personalized, free or fixed form of basic therapy of inhalative corticosteroids and long-active beta agonists (ICS/LABA), 184 people were examined at the sanatorium stage. 6-12 years old, with moderate asthma. When determining the endotypes in this cohort of children with moderate asthma, the key criteria included: the level of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNOex), FEV1, body mass index (BMI), and the dynamics of quality of life (QOL). Features of BA endotypes included combinations of the following features: 1) Endotype 1 — low FeNoex level, low BMI, high sensitivity to ICS and LABA preparations, the need to combine the free form of ICS and LABA with non-drug effects; 2) Endotype 2 - average FeNOex level, normal or increased BMI, low sensitivity to ICS and LABA drugs, reduced effectiveness of high doses of IHC, the need to combine the free form of ICS and LABA with non-drug effects; 3) Endotype 3 - a high level of FeNOex, an increased BMI, high sensitivity to a fixed form of administration of ICS and LABA, the inappropriateness of taking ICS and LABA in a free form, reduced effectiveness of low doses of ICS, when taking basic therapy, rapid growth of QOL, against the background of the therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cell membrane injury in caraway (Carum carvi L.) genotypes in water deficit conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Hanna Bandurska ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
High Level

The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of caraway genotypes to water deficit based on the estimation of cell membrane stability (CMS) in leaves using polyethylene glycol (PEG) test. In 2007 and 2008, 25 selected caraway genotypes, originating from European botanical gardens (18), cultivars (2) and our own breeding strains (5), were tested. The plant material was collected from the experimental field. The obtained results showed highly significant differences in cell membrane injuries (p = 0.001) among investigated genotypes. The rank of genotypes in membrane injury index in 2007 was similar to that of 2008. Caraway genotypes originating from Warsaw (49.4%), Cracow (45.3%), Reykiavik (39.9%), Berlin (23.8%), Wisley (22.7%) and strains 9/2 (23.7%), 60/8 (22.2%) exhibited a high level of injury, which showed weak CMS and their high sensitivity to drought. The lowest extent of membrane injury was observed in genotypes originating from Bayreuth (4.2%), Ulm (4.4%), Cluj (5.5%), Lousanne (6.8%) and cultivar "Kończewicki" VI/4 (6.2%), which proves low sensitivity of these genotypes to water deficit and cell membrane stability. These genotypes may be used in further breeding program to improve caraway resistance to drought.

scholarly journals The trajectory of high sensitivity C-reactive protein is associated with incident diabetes in Chinese adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-ying Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Jiang ◽  
Zhuping Fan ◽  
Yanping Wan ◽  
Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background We performed a cohort study to evaluate the association between the CRP trajectory and incident diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods Included were 6,439 adults (4,111 men and 2,249 women; aged 46.6±11.9 years). The concentration of high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) was measured in 2013 (baseline), 2014, and 2015. The hs-CRP trajectory was identified based the above three measurements by latent mixture modeling. Incident diabetes cases were diagnosed by fasting blood glucose (≥126mg/dl) or Hb A1c (≥6.5%) during subsequent three years (2016-2018). Results Hs-CRP level during 2013 -2015 was classified into 3 levels: low (<1.0 mg/L), moderate (1.0–3.0 mg/L), and high (≥3.0 mg/L) based on a statement by American Heart Association. We named four hs-CRP trajectories as following: “low-stable” (low in 2013 and maintained at low level in 2014 and 2015), “moderate-fluctuated” (moderate in 2013, then increased to high level in 2014, and decreased to low level in 2015), “high-decreased” (high in 2013 but decreased to moderate level in 2014 and 2015), and “moderate-increased (moderate in 2013 and increased to high level in 2014 and 2015)”. We identified 235 incident diabetes during subsequent three years. The adjusted HR for incident diabetes was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.87) comparing the moderate-increased and the low-stable group, after adjusting for potential confounders. In the secondary analyses, baseline hs-CRP level and the average of hs-CRP were associations between higher hs-CRP concentration and higher diabetes risk were observed (P-trend<0.01 for both). Conclusions The hs-CRP trajectory pattern was associated with altered incident diabetes in Chinese adults.

Co-ordination of spatial perspectives in response to addressee feedback

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-545
Author(s):  
Kavita E. Thomas ◽  
Elena Andonova
Keyword(s):  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Perspective Switching ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Update Rules ◽  
Clarification Request

In this paper we investigate the effect of level of understanding revealed by feedback in the form of clarification requests from a route follower on a route giver’s spatial perspective choice in their response in route instruction dialogues. In an experiment varying the level of understanding displayed by route follower clarification requests (the independent variable), route giver perspective switching in response to this feedback is investigated. Three levels of understanding displayed by feedback are investigated: (1) low-level clarification requests indicating that the instruction was not processed, (2) semantic-level clarification requests indicating that the spatial direction given in the instruction could not be resolved as the speaker of the clarification request could not interpret which perspective was intended, and (3) high-level feedback which indicates that the route giver’s instruction was understood but which note an obstacle to following the instruction. Results show that perspective choice, which is a conceptual feature of language use, is sensitive to perceived level of addressee understanding. We found that route givers consistently switch perspectives in responding to semantic-level clarification requests but not in response to low-level ones, and also that switching occurs more for high-level feedback than for low-level feedback. We address how dialogue systems can take advantage of these findings by modelling our results in an Information State model of dialogue, presenting update rules for response generation which account for our findings and also update rules which enable generation of the feedback themselves.

scholarly journals ECT: a patient-friendly procedure?

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Riordan ◽  
Philip Barron ◽  
Melanie F. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Patient Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level

Electroconvulsive therapy is widely seen by the public as a barbaric and outmoded form of treatment. Even within groups of health care professionals, ECT does not have a ‘good press’. Most research into the area of patient attitudes to ECT has been retrospective and often considerably so, and is therefore unlikely to illustrate patients' feelings about a course of treatment at the time it took place (Freeman & Kendell, 1980; Kerr et al, 1982). The only prospective study is that by Malcolm (1989). This showed a low level of understanding of treatment and a high level of anxiety both before treatment and afterwards, but, despite this, a high level of compliance with ECT therapy.Our aim was to re-examine these findings in order to find a way of improving the experience of ECT.

Do Highly Sensitive Persons Experience More Nonordinary States of Consciousness During Sensory Isolation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Jonsson ◽  
Katarina Grim ◽  
Anette Kjellgren
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Students ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Low Level ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Mystical State ◽  
Sensory Isolation

Our aim was to investigate whether or not highly sensitive persons experienced more nonordinary/altered states of consciousness (ASC) during 45 minutes of sensory isolation in a flotation tank, than did less sensitive persons. Psychology students (N = 57) were allocated to 1 of 2 groups (high and low levels of sensitivity) depending on their score on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. Prior to the flotation session participants completed questionnaires to assess their degree of depression, anxiety, optimism, absorption, and how often they had experienced a mystical state. After the flotation session we assessed degree of ASC. The main finding was that the highly sensitive individuals experienced significantly more ASC during flotation than did the individuals in the low sensitivity group. Further, the highly sensitive participants had significantly more absorption and anxiety, and had experienced mystical states more frequently prior to flotation, in comparison to individuals with low-level sensitivity.

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

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