‘Composition of place’, experiential set, and the meditative poem

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Tsur ◽  
Motti Benari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Mental Set ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
Over Time

Meditative poetry has the ability to reproduce aspects of the meditative experience. In this paper we explore this ability, trying to clarify the phenomenon by pointing out the cognitive processes involved. We focus on Christian Jesuit meditation and pinpoint one of its most effective elements: “the composition of place”. We argue that three main abilities associated with “the composition of place” are responsible for the meditative quality detected in poetic meditative texts: The text’s ability to evoke an orientation process; the text’s ability to support diffuse perception and encourage divergent ways of processing; the text’s ability to generate the mental set required for this experience, the absence of purpose, and to supply the conditions that enable such a mental set to exist over time. We illustrate our theoretical discussion through a close reading of two meditative poetic masterpieces: Donne’s Holy Sonnet No. 7, and the Spanish anonymous sonnet “A Cristo Crucificado”.

Process Accountability as a De-Escalation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Klaus Moser ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff ◽  
Roman Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Performance Problems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biased Information

Abstract. Escalation of commitment occurs when a course of action is continued despite repeated drawbacks (e.g., maintaining an employment relationship despite severe performance problems). We analyze process accountability (PA) as a de-escalation technique that helps to discontinue a failing course of action and show how time moderates both the behavioral and cognitive processes involved: (1) Because sound decisions should be based on (hopefully unbiased) information search, which requires time to gather, the effect of PA on de-escalation increases over time. (2) Because continuing information search creates behavioral commitment, the debiasing effect of PA on information search diminishes over time. (3) Consistent with the tunnel vision notion, the effects of less biased information search on de-escalation decrease over time.

EŞİTMƏ QÜSURLU UŞAQLARDA SƏS TƏLƏFFÜZÜ POZULMALARINI ARADAN QALDIRMAQ ÜÇÜN MUSİQİLİ RİTMİK VASİTƏLƏRDƏN İSTİFADƏ

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 136-138
Author(s):  
Bahar Aliosat Mustafayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Auditory Analyzer ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Large Motor ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Over Time

One of the most relevant methods used in the rehabilitation of hearing-impaired children and for the development of speech is music-rhythm. In any games based on music-rhythm, it is possible to stimulate several areas, such as speech, motor, cognitive processes. Composing tasks in the form of role-playing games appropriate to the age characteristics of children increases its effectiveness. Music primarily affects the auditory analyzer in children, helps to increase auditory attention in children with dementia. Thus, the child perceives sounds better over time and develops the ability to differentiate them. Improved hearing allows children to understand the speech of adults better. Over time, it accelerates the process of sound imitation, allows the child to pronounce the initial sounds and syllables. Musical-rhythmic is based on the combination of sounds with movements, which leads to the improvement of children's motor skills. It helps to develop small and large motor skills, rhythm and coordination abilities during tasks. Key words: hearing, speech, game, music, exercise, child

The Textual Evolution of the Ottoman Şeyhülislams’ Fetvas: A Cross-Corpora Computational Analysis

Der Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-545
Author(s):  
Boğaç Ergene ◽  
Atabey Kaygun
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In this article, we use a mix of computational techniques to identify textual shifts in the Ottoman şeyhülislams’ fetvas between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. Our analysis, supplemented by a close reading of these texts, indicates that the fetvas underwent multiple forms of transformation, a consequence of the institutional evolution of the şeyhülislam’s fetva office (fetvahane) that aimed to speed up and streamline the production of the fetvas: over time, the texts appropriated a more uniform character and came to contain shorter responses. In the compositions of the questions, we identified many “trigger terms” that facilitated reflexive responses independent of the fetvas’ jurisprudential contexts, a tendency that became stronger after the second half of the seventeenth century. In addition, we propose in the article a methodology that measures the relative strengths of textual and conceptual links among the fetva corpora of various Ottoman şeyhülislams. This analysis informs us about possible paths of long-term evolution of this genre of jurisprudential documents.

scholarly journals Impact of Baseline BMI upon the Success of Latina Participants Enrolled in a 6-Month Physical Activity Intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri J. Hartman ◽  
Shira I. Dunsiger ◽  
Dori W. Pekmezi ◽  
Brooke Barbera ◽  
Charles J. Neighbors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Family Social Support ◽  
Longitudinal Regression ◽  
Baseline Bmi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

High rates of obesity in Latinas highlight the need to determine if physical activity interventions are equally effective across the body mass index (BMI) range. Thus, this study assessed how BMI impacts success of Spanish-speaking Latinas in a culturally and linguistically adapted theory-based physical activity intervention (). Longitudinal regression models tested the relationship between baseline BMI and outcomes. Overall, a trend for a negative association was found between baseline BMI and self-reported physical activity and theoretical constructs targeted by the intervention over time. For example, someone with a 25 kg/m2BMI would report, on average, 27.5 more minutes/week of activity compared to someone with a 30 kg/m2BMI at followup. Furthermore, higher baseline BMI was significantly associated with lower self-efficacy, behavioral and cognitive processes of change, and family social support over time. These findings suggest that participants with higher BMI may need additional intervention to promote physical activity.

Residue: The privilege of spatiality in the puzzle film

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Zachary Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Production History ◽  
Christopher Nolan ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Production Crew ◽  
Over Time

Typical discourses around the puzzle film ‐ a genre that typically eschews classic storytelling for more complex narrative techniques, such as entangled secondary/tertiary plotlines, and characters with mental or psychological instability ‐ often privilege the manipulation of the film’s temporality and narratology. However, in this article, I perform a close textual analysis of the mise en scène of Inception by Christopher Nolan (2010) and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) by Michel Gondry to demonstrate how these puzzle films privilege spatiality over time and plot to depict cognitive processes associated with mental and psychological instability, thereby bringing attention to an underrepresented attribute of the genre. I focus on the influence of surrealism on mise en scène, as surrealist art and cinema manipulate space to explore the psyche. I also draw on these films’ production history to show how the filmmakers, production crew and actors understood approaches to space as a cognitive process.

Assisting Cognitive Recall and Contextual Reuse by Creating a Self-Describing, Shareable Multimedia Object

2011 ◽  
pp. 50-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Verhaart ◽  
Kinshuk
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Multiple Representations ◽  
Multimedia Object ◽  
Metadata File ◽  
Digital Asset ◽  
Digital Assets ◽  
Over Time

Digital media elements, or digital assets, are used to illustrate things such as images, sounds, or events. As humans, we use many senses to assist our cognitive processes, and providing multiple representations will enhance our ability to store, recall, and synthesise the knowledge and information contained in the digital asset. This chapter introduces a model for a multimedia object, that allows multiple representations to be managed, and includes a structured metadata file describing the asset that captures the original context. Humans are capable of classifying and describing millions of such objects, but recalling context and content often blurs over time. Computer systems provide us with a way to store electronic objects, and with a variety of representations and sufficient metadata they can be used to assist cognitive recall.

Ahead of Time : The Infrastructure of Amazon’s Anticipatory Shipping Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Nyckel
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
Media Theory ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Over Time

This text conducts a close reading of Amazon’s 2013 patent for a “Method and System for Anticipatory Package Shipping” on three levels in order to investigate the patent’s aspirations towards a potential hardwiring of temporality. First, through the lens of media theory, the patent is conceptualized as a medium for transporting knowledge over time itself. On a second level, the patent is framed as a logistical medium both due to its aspired effects in the logistical realm and its internal logic. Third, the specific form of anticipation, prediction and prophecy is investigated by leveraging Elena Esposito’s understanding of (digital) prophecy with a particular focus on temporality.

Bidirectional Relationships Between Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julen Alba ◽  
Esther Calvete
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schema ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent problem in adolescence, with great clinical and social relevance. Recent models of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence underscore that the relationships between stress, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms are bidirectional. In addition, according to cognitive therapy models, cognitive vulnerabilities are organized hierarchically, with deep schemas guiding more superficial cognitive processes such as rumination. The present study examines the longitudinal predictive relationships between two levels of cognitions (early maladaptive schemas and rumination), stressors, and depression. Method: A sample of 584 Spanish adolescents (262 girls; mean age = 15.99, SD = 1.10) completed measures of depression, stressors, rumination, and three early maladaptive schema domains (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and other-directedness) over 4 intervals of 4 months. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Results: Disconnection and rejection domain systematically predicted an increase in depression, new stressors, and rumination over time. In addition, depressive symptoms predicted an increase of disconnection/rejection scores at all time points. Finally, from Time 2 on, stressors predicted an increase in all schema domains. Discussion: The outcomes suggest the importance of the disconnection and rejection schema domain. These results are important to understand the mechanisms underlying stress and depression in adolescents.

Growth in Adolescent Literature: Metaphors, Scripts, and Cognitive Narratology

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Seelinger Trites
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Adolescent Literature ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Cognitive Narratology ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
Character Growth

Cognitive narratology provides a way to explore discourse as the product of embodied beings as it simultaneously affects those embodied beings. Cognitive narratology specifically investigates how embodiment influences both the author's discursive creation of story and its subsequent meaning-making as a function of the reader's cognition. This essay explores three aspects of cognitive narratology pertinent to adolescent literature: metaphor, scripts, and blending – all of which are biologically and culturally situated cognitive processes. The essay first examines embodied theories of character growth within the field of adolescent literature before moving to a close reading of Jay Asher's Thirteen Reasons Why to illustrate the relationships between embodied metaphors, scripts, and blending. Thirteen Reasons Why demonstrates how the process of blending allows authors to fuse embodied metaphors and scripts into new narratives about adolescent growth. At stake are interpretive strategies that recognise adolescent embodiment within the culturally-defined discourses of adolescent literature.

scholarly journals On the cognitive microfoundations of effectual design: the Situated Function–Behavior–Structure framework

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Emami ◽  
Mark D. Packard ◽  
Dianne H.B. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
Entrepreneurial Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Foundations ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to extend effectuation theory at the front end by building cognitive foundations for the effectual design process.Design/methodology/approachWe adopt an integrative conceptual approach drawing on design cognition theory to explain entrepreneurial cognition.FindingsWe find a significant gap in the entrepreneurial cognition literature with respect to effectuation processes. We thus integrate the Situated Function–Behavior–Structure framework from design theory to elaborate on the cognitive processes of effectuation, specifically with regard to the opportunity development process. This framework describes the cognitive subprocesses by which entrepreneurs means and ends are cyclically (re)formulated over time until a viable “opportunity” emerges, and the venture is formalized, or else, the entrepreneur abandons the venture and exits.”Practical implicationsUnravelling this entrepreneurial design process may facilitate more appropriate and effective design work by entrepreneurs, leading to more successful product designs. It also should facilitate the development of better design techniques and instruction.Originality/valueThis research contributes to new cognitive foundations for effectuation theory and entrepreneurial process research. It better explains how means are transformed into valuable goods over time through an iterative reconsideration of means-ends frameworks. This theoretical elaboration will expectedly facilitate additional research into the iterative cognitive processes of design and enable more formulaic design thinking.

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