Translation/Interpreting psychological mechanism as embodied bilingual processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Bilingual Processing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract Based on the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic research on bilingualism, this paper firstly discusses three fundamental models and relevant central issues involved in the bilingual processing of interpreting: the selective and non-selective feature of bilingual access and control, the serial and parallel view of bilingual processing, and the coordination view of serial and parallel procedure of bilingual information processing, with the dual purpose of explicating the bilingual processing and cognitive control mechanism in the interpreting process and paving the way for further explanation of the embodied nature of bilingual processing in interpreting from the embodied cognition perspective. Then with the two aspects of processing mechanism and neurolinguistic evidence, it elaborates how the interpreter’s embodied experience and skills in the profession, as a part of cognitive resources, play crucial roles in different levels of cognitive processing which coordinates the serial and parallel processing in the interpreting process. Lastly, this paper argues for viewing the translating process likewise as embodied bilingual processing using a brief comparison between translating and interpreting with a focus on the embodied nature of bilingual processing in their respective processes.

Peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Tuning the Physicochemical, Textural, and Sensory Characteristics of Plant-Based Meat Analogs with Different Levels of Methylcellulose Concentration

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Allah Bakhsh ◽  
Se-Jin Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Nahar Sabikun ◽  
Young-Hwa Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Meat Analog ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Different Levels

This study assessed the effects of Methylcellulose (MC) at different concentrations on plant-based meat analog (PBMA) patties, comprised of commercial texture vegetable protein (C-TVP) and textured isolate soy protein (T-ISP) as key ingredients, and compared to beef patty control. A significantly higher difference was observed in moisture content in control with increasing MC concentration than the C-TVP and T-ISP patties. However, protein varied significantly among three different protein sources, with control had higher protein content than PBMA patties. Crude fiber content recorded higher values in C-TVP as compared to control. Significantly lower pH values were recorded in control than C-TVP and T-ISP respectively. Regardless, with the addition of MC or ingredient PBMA and control patties tend to reduce lightness (L*) and redness (a*) value after cooking. Although control sample before cooking exhibits lighter and redder than PBMA patties (C-TVP and T-ISP). Likewise, water holding capacity (WHC) decreases as the concentration of MC increases (1.5–4%) in control and PBMA patties. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and texture profile analysis (TPA), including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of control, were significantly higher than C-TVP and T-ISP. Consequently, panelists’ in the sensory analysis presented that C-TVP patties containing 3% of MC had better sensory properties than T-ISP. Hence, PBMA patties with C-TVP and incorporation of 3% MC are considered ideal for manufacturing of meat analog as related to control (beef).

Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Murphy ◽  
A. Michael ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Category ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDepression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident on emotional relative to non-emotional cognitive control tasks remains unclear.MethodThe performance of patients with major depressive disorder and matched healthy control participants was compared on neutral and emotional variants of a dynamic cognitive control task that requires participants to shift attention and response from one category to another.ResultsRelative to controls, depressed patients were impaired on both tasks, particularly in terms of performance accuracy. In the neutral go/no-go task, the ability of depressed patients to flexibly shift attention and response from one class of neutral stimuli to the other was unimpaired. This contrasted with findings for the emotional go/no-go task, where responding was slower specifically on blocks of trials that required participants to shift attention and response from one emotional category to the other.ConclusionsThe present data indicate that any depression-related difficulties with cognitive flexibility and control may be particularly evident on matched tasks that require processing of relevant emotional, rather than simply neutral, stimuli. The implications of these findings for our developing understanding of cognitive and emotional control processes in depression are discussed.

Engineering Planning and Management Control in High-Rise Building Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 1257-1260
Author(s):  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Management Control ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Flexible Modeling ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Various challenges should be considered in the development of an effective model for the planning and control of high-rise building construction. These challenges have been identified as results of the construction process. This paper discusses the engineering planning and management control in high-rise building construction. The methodology should also be able to address the concerns and considerations regularly faced in the industry and thus providing flexible modeling, which can be used by different levels of management

NO PAIN NO GAIN? EXAMINING THE GENERALIZABILITY OF THE EXERCISER STEREOTYPE TO MODERATELY ACTIVE AND EXCESSIVELY ACTIVE TARGETS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Amy E. Latimer ◽  
Mary E. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Target Type ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Control Target ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Physical Dimensions

This study examined whether the exerciser stereotype extends to moderately and excessively active individuals, and if the rater's self-described exercise status moderates the effect. Using a 2 (exercise status) x 5 (target type) design, 456 participants read a description of a typical exerciser, a nonexerciser, an active-living target, an excessive exerciser, or a control target and rated her on 12 personality and 8 physical dimensions. MANOVAs revealed a significant main effect for target type on both personality and physical dimensions (ps < .05). For most of the personality attributes, the exerciser and active-living target were rated more favorably than were the excessive exerciser, nonexerciser and control. For the physical attributes, the typical exerciser, active-living target and excessive exerciser were rated more highly than were the nonexerciser and control. The exercise status x target type interaction was significant for only three physical dimensions. Overall, results indicate that the exerciser stereotype exists regardless of the rater's exercise status and can generalize to different levels of physical activity.

Art and an Archaeology of Embodiment: Some Aspects of Archaic Greece

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Contemporary Poetry ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
City States ◽  
And Control ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Ceramic Decoration

This article seeks to gain an understanding of distinctive changes in certain artefacts produced in Corinth in the late eighth and seventh centuries BC. The focus is the development of figurative imagery on miniature ceramic vessels (many of them perfume jars) which travelled from Corinth particularly to sanctuaries and cemeteries in the wider Greek world. Connections, conceptual and material, are traced through the manufacture and iconography of some 2000 pots, through changing lifestyles, with juxtapositions of contemporary poetry from other parts of the Greek world. Aspects of embodiment are foregrounded in a discussion of stylization and drawing, the character of monstrosity (appearing in ceramic decoration), experiences of risk in battle, discipline and control. Techniques of the self (leading through the floral to wider lifestyles) also feature in this context, together with perfume, and the consumption or deposition of the pots in circumstances of contact with death and divinity. The argument is made that the articulation of an ideological field lay at the core of the changes of the early city states such as Corinth. The article is offered as a contribution to a contextual and interpretive archaeology. It attempts to develop concepts for dealing with power relations in an understanding of material culture production which foregrounds human agency and embodied experience.

Visual-cognitive processing deficits in pediatric multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Smerbeck ◽  
J Parrish ◽  
D Serafin ◽  
EA Yeh ◽  
B Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
General Intellectual Ability ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽  
And Control

Background: Children with multiple sclerosis (MS) can suffer significant cognitive deficits. This study investigates the sensitivity and validity in pediatric MS of two visual processing tests borrowed from the adult literature, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMTR) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Objective: To test the hypothesis that visual processing is disproportionately impacted in pediatric MS by comparing performance with that of healthy controls on the BVMTR and SDMT. Methods: We studied 88 participants (43 MS, 45 controls) using a neuropsychological assessment battery including measures of intelligence, language, visual memory, and processing speed. Patients and demographically matched controls were compared to determine which tests are most sensitive in pediatric MS. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the MS and control groups on BVMTR Total Learning ( t (84) = 4.04, p < 0.001, d = 0.87), BVMTR Delayed Recall ( t (84) = 4.45, p < 0.001, d = 0.96), and SDMT ( t (38) = 2.19, p = 0.035, d = 0.69). No significant differences were found between groups on confrontation naming or general intellectual ability. Validity coefficients exploring correlation between BVMTR, SDMT, and disease characteristics were consistent with the adult literature. Conclusions: This study found that BVMTR and SDMT may be useful in assessing children and adolescents with MS.

scholarly journals Effect of Collaborative Writing Combined with Blog Online Learning on Indonesian EFL Learners’ Writing Skill across Motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Rizki Anugrah Putri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract:   This study aims to investigate collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing skill of Indonesian English foreign language (EFL) learners’ across their motivation. This research included a quasi experimental with the comparative time series. A quasi experimental study was employed by involving 61 learners of Senior High School. This research applied in into two groups: experimental and control. The treatment was conducted at 7 sessions, including the pre-test and post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test in writing were used as a base of quantitative data analysis whereas the learners’ responses to motivation questionnaire were used to categorize their motivation. The result revealed that the collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing was effective to enhance the learners’ writing skill. In addition, to apply the combination of collaborative writing and online blog learning, teacher should not worry about different levels of motivation among students where the students were motivated to use language.  

scholarly journals Auswirkungen restriktiver Ernährung auf die Wachstumsleistung von Ziegenlämmern

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Y. Toukourou ◽  
K.-J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Title of the paper: Impaet of feed restriction on the growth performance of goat kids The influence of differential feeding levels on growth performance in 72 goat kids "Bunte Deutsche Edelziege" during the pre-weaning period was examined. The 72 animals were assigned to a control group and two experimental groups that received respectively 20% and 40% less milk/less concentrate compared to the control (fed at 2.4 times energy demand for maintenance). The experimental gained animals significantly less relative to the control group. However, during the subsequent realimentation period when all animals were fed at a energy level of 2.4 times maintenance same treatment, the daily weight gain among the kids was in inverse proportion to the level ofmilk deprivation in the pre-weaning phase. The rapid growth among the experimental animals was such that the initial differences in body weight between the experimental and control groups were fully compensated. Growth performance of kids with respect to different levels of concentrated feed was less clear cut and d.ffered significantly only behveen the group that received the lowest feed level relative to all the other groups.

scholarly journals Geo-environmental Factors in Three Persian Folk Stories: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shafiei ◽  
Habibollah Ghassemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Folk Stories

Stories mirror the essential function of human cognitive activity. In the present preliminary study, we hypothesized that the mental spaces that make up the stories can be influenced by the environmental conditions of their creators. For this purpose, three stories from three different climatic zones in Iran were selected and a content analysis method was used to analyze their components. Results showed significant differences between the mental spaces of different geographic regions in these three stories.  This finding could be considered as a step taken to show the extent to which an individual’s cognition and cognitive processing in general and the creation of meaning in particular, is an extension and representation of embodied experience. We have discussed the subject in the framework of narrative analysis as well as cognitive semantics.

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