NO PAIN NO GAIN? EXAMINING THE GENERALIZABILITY OF THE EXERCISER STEREOTYPE TO MODERATELY ACTIVE AND EXCESSIVELY ACTIVE TARGETS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Amy E. Latimer ◽  
Mary E. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Target Type ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Control Target ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Type Interaction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Physical Dimensions

This study examined whether the exerciser stereotype extends to moderately and excessively active individuals, and if the rater's self-described exercise status moderates the effect. Using a 2 (exercise status) x 5 (target type) design, 456 participants read a description of a typical exerciser, a nonexerciser, an active-living target, an excessive exerciser, or a control target and rated her on 12 personality and 8 physical dimensions. MANOVAs revealed a significant main effect for target type on both personality and physical dimensions (ps < .05). For most of the personality attributes, the exerciser and active-living target were rated more favorably than were the excessive exerciser, nonexerciser and control. For the physical attributes, the typical exerciser, active-living target and excessive exerciser were rated more highly than were the nonexerciser and control. The exercise status x target type interaction was significant for only three physical dimensions. Overall, results indicate that the exerciser stereotype exists regardless of the rater's exercise status and can generalize to different levels of physical activity.

Moving beyond the Stigma: The Impression Formation Benefits of Exercise for Individuals with a Physical Disability

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly P. Arbour ◽  
Amy E. Latimer ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin Ginis ◽  
Mary E. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Control Target ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Female Counterpart

This study examined whether the positive impressions formed of able-bodied exercisers extend to people with a physical disability. Participants (226 women and 220 men) read a description of a man or woman with a spinal cord injury who was described as an exerciser, nonexerciser, or control, and then rated the target (i.e., the person being described in the vignette) on 17 personality and 9 physical dimensions. Results revealed significantly more favorable ratings for the exerciser than both the nonexerciser and control on almost all dimensions. Additionally, the male control target was rated more favorably than the female counterpart on three personality and two physical attributes. Evidently, the exerciser stereotype may undermine negative impressions of people with physical disabilities.

Peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Tuning the Physicochemical, Textural, and Sensory Characteristics of Plant-Based Meat Analogs with Different Levels of Methylcellulose Concentration

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Allah Bakhsh ◽  
Se-Jin Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Nahar Sabikun ◽  
Young-Hwa Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Meat Analog ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Different Levels

This study assessed the effects of Methylcellulose (MC) at different concentrations on plant-based meat analog (PBMA) patties, comprised of commercial texture vegetable protein (C-TVP) and textured isolate soy protein (T-ISP) as key ingredients, and compared to beef patty control. A significantly higher difference was observed in moisture content in control with increasing MC concentration than the C-TVP and T-ISP patties. However, protein varied significantly among three different protein sources, with control had higher protein content than PBMA patties. Crude fiber content recorded higher values in C-TVP as compared to control. Significantly lower pH values were recorded in control than C-TVP and T-ISP respectively. Regardless, with the addition of MC or ingredient PBMA and control patties tend to reduce lightness (L*) and redness (a*) value after cooking. Although control sample before cooking exhibits lighter and redder than PBMA patties (C-TVP and T-ISP). Likewise, water holding capacity (WHC) decreases as the concentration of MC increases (1.5–4%) in control and PBMA patties. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and texture profile analysis (TPA), including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of control, were significantly higher than C-TVP and T-ISP. Consequently, panelists’ in the sensory analysis presented that C-TVP patties containing 3% of MC had better sensory properties than T-ISP. Hence, PBMA patties with C-TVP and incorporation of 3% MC are considered ideal for manufacturing of meat analog as related to control (beef).

Engineering Planning and Management Control in High-Rise Building Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 1257-1260
Author(s):  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Management Control ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Flexible Modeling ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Various challenges should be considered in the development of an effective model for the planning and control of high-rise building construction. These challenges have been identified as results of the construction process. This paper discusses the engineering planning and management control in high-rise building construction. The methodology should also be able to address the concerns and considerations regularly faced in the industry and thus providing flexible modeling, which can be used by different levels of management

scholarly journals Effect of Collaborative Writing Combined with Blog Online Learning on Indonesian EFL Learners’ Writing Skill across Motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Rizki Anugrah Putri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract:   This study aims to investigate collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing skill of Indonesian English foreign language (EFL) learners’ across their motivation. This research included a quasi experimental with the comparative time series. A quasi experimental study was employed by involving 61 learners of Senior High School. This research applied in into two groups: experimental and control. The treatment was conducted at 7 sessions, including the pre-test and post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test in writing were used as a base of quantitative data analysis whereas the learners’ responses to motivation questionnaire were used to categorize their motivation. The result revealed that the collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing was effective to enhance the learners’ writing skill. In addition, to apply the combination of collaborative writing and online blog learning, teacher should not worry about different levels of motivation among students where the students were motivated to use language.  

scholarly journals Auswirkungen restriktiver Ernährung auf die Wachstumsleistung von Ziegenlämmern

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Y. Toukourou ◽  
K.-J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Title of the paper: Impaet of feed restriction on the growth performance of goat kids The influence of differential feeding levels on growth performance in 72 goat kids "Bunte Deutsche Edelziege" during the pre-weaning period was examined. The 72 animals were assigned to a control group and two experimental groups that received respectively 20% and 40% less milk/less concentrate compared to the control (fed at 2.4 times energy demand for maintenance). The experimental gained animals significantly less relative to the control group. However, during the subsequent realimentation period when all animals were fed at a energy level of 2.4 times maintenance same treatment, the daily weight gain among the kids was in inverse proportion to the level ofmilk deprivation in the pre-weaning phase. The rapid growth among the experimental animals was such that the initial differences in body weight between the experimental and control groups were fully compensated. Growth performance of kids with respect to different levels of concentrated feed was less clear cut and d.ffered significantly only behveen the group that received the lowest feed level relative to all the other groups.

scholarly journals ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПОЛ ТА АКТИВНІСТЬ СИСТЕМИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО ЗАХИСТУ У КРОВІ КОРОПІВ ЗА ДІЇ РІЗНОГО РІВНЯ ВІТАМІНУ Е І СЕЛЕНУ В РАЦІОНІ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
S.V. Yurchak ◽  
O.V. Derenj ◽  
O.I. Vishchur ◽  
Yu.M. Zabytivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Levels

The article consist data about effect of different levels of vitamin E and selenium in the diet of carps during their growing and also informationabout the influence on processes of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant protection in their body.The experiment conducted in three experimental ponds. After wintering there were placed four ears mature females and males carp, six individuals in each group. Supplements of vitamin E administered at a rate of 25 mg/kg and drug «Sel–Plex» the rate of selenium – 0.3 mg/kg were added to further basic diet(BD) of female and male carp first experimental group (EG1). The second experimental group (EG2) received (BD) and vitamin E supplements in an amount of 75 mg / kg, and just as in EG1 – selenium – 0.3 mg/kg of feed.The control group received fish feed without additives vitamins and minerals.Feeding lasted for 30 days, due to the physiological needs of the fish feed. After spawning in fish of research and control group swere taken blood samples for biochemical research.The study led to a dose–dependent decrease (p < 0.01 – 0.001) content of TBA–active products and hydroperoxidase of lipids, but did not significantly effect onsuperoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity of blood So, the reduction of lipid peroxidation products in the carp’s blood of experimental groups probably was caused by the growth of non–enzymatic level, which is associated with fat–soluble vitamins. 

Web and Mobile Phone Based Rabies Surveillance System for Humans and Animals in Kilosa District, Tanzania

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulilio J. Kipanyula ◽  
Anna M. Geofrey ◽  
Kadeghe G. Fue ◽  
Malongo R.S. Mlozi ◽  
Siza D. Tumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Sensor Web ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

Rabies has continued to claim human life despite different efforts to controls its transmission cycles between humans and domestic dogs. New developments in ICT have provided an opportunity for increased possibilities for community involvement in rabies surveillance. The main objective of this study was to investigate on approaches and practices to improve the communication of rabies surveillance information at different levels. Specifically, a study was carried to establish the significance of applying human sensor web system. Human sensor web has a potential of strengthening rabies surveillance system and serves as applied research tools for investigating strategic spatially targeted control activities, identifying areas most at risk and early detection of rabies incursions. Web and mobile based rabies surveillance system was developed and piloted as a support tool for the detection, surveillance and control of rabies. Wide application of the developed system will pave way for effective and efficient country-wide sharing of rabies surveillance information.

Evaluating the Elklan Talking Matters Programme: Exploring the impact of a training programme for early years professionals on pre-school children’s language development

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Judy Clegg ◽  
Carla Rohde ◽  
Henrietta McLachlan ◽  
Liz Elks ◽  
Alex Hall
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Training early years practitioners to facilitate the language development of young children is a widely used intervention. Evidence to support the effectiveness of training in terms of the impact of children’s language development is limited. The Elklan Talking Matters programme is an accredited training programme for early years practitioners. Practitioners train to be Lead Communication Practitioners (LCPs) who cascade training across early years settings or Key Communication Practitioners (KCPs) who are embedded into these settings. The aim of this study was to identify if the Talking Matters Programme is effective in facilitating the language development of pre-school children. One hundred and twenty-six children from 13 early years settings were recruited (mean age 27.81 months; SD 4.90). Thirteen settings participated in the Talking Matters Programme (five LCP+KCP settings, four LCP settings and four control settings). At time 1, prior to practitioners participating in the programme, children completed the Pre-School Language Scales 5th Edition (PLS-5), a standardized assessment of receptive and expressive language. At time 1, 126 children completed the baseline assessment ( n = 43 in the LCP+KCP settings, n = 43 in the LCP settings and n = 40 in the control settings). Children then completed the post intervention (time 2) assessment approximately six months later. Children in the intervention groups (LCP+KCP settings and LCP settings) made more progress in their language development from time 1 to time 2 compared to the control. The children in the LCP+KCP settings made more gains than the children in the LCP settings. A significant main effect of groups and time was found but not an interaction of group scores with time, meaning the increases in scores were not statistically significant between the intervention and control groups. The study provides tentative evidence that the Talking Matters programme has a positive impact on pre-school children’s language development.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen fertilizing on occurrence of fungi infecting parsley seedling roots (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
J. Nawrocki ◽  
S. Mazur ◽  
J. Kućmierz
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

The three years experiments based on parsley roots of cultivars: Omega, Berlińska and Vistula. Nitrogen fertilizer was used in different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha). Results of autumn analysis indicate that differentiated nitrogen fertilizing has no significant effect on health status of parsley roots. Spring examinations showed increase percentage of ill roots. Lower root infestation of each cultivar was in the combinations: 100 kg/ha and control without nitrogen fertilizations. Omega showed the best soundness. Experiments indicated that cultivar plays a more significant role than nitrogen fertilizing level. From ill parsley roots, the most often were isolated fungi: Alternaria radicina, Fusarium ave-naceum and F. oxysporum during spring; bacteria and fungi species: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria radicina.

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