Reconfiguring the sensible through translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Monticelli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The One ◽  
Dominant Activity

The article investigates the ambivalent role of translation as a means of radical social and cultural change in a totalitarian situation such as the earlier Sovietization of Estonia after WWII. Translation becomes, on the one hand, an empowered and dominant activity in the establishment of the new ideological and cultural values; but it functions, at the same time, as a disempowering and marginalizing kind of writing to which writers suspicious to the new regime and silenced as authors are now confined. An original combination of Jacques Rancière’s notion of “distribution of the sensible” [partage du sensible] and Michel Foucault’s understanding of the “author-function,” is adopted in the article to describe all this as a process of deauthorization, thus unraveling the relation between authorial agency and political authority, the rationale behind hegemonic discursive attitudes toward different literary activities within a given social order, and political interventions in literature and culture under totalitarian rule.

The Victim – a Great Actor in a Minor Role? – A Comparative Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Łukasz Duśko ◽  
Mateusz Szurman
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
American English ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
To Receive

Recently, the role of the victim in criminal proceedings became more significant. An observation was made that the legal interests of the victim are much more severely affected by the crime than the collective legal interests in the form of public or social order. However, the differences in the rights the victim is vested with differ substantively between particular countries. The authors present the position of the victim in American, English and French law. The solutions provided for in these systems are confronted with legal regulations adopted in Poland, i.e. the home country of the authors. It shows, surprisingly, that the role of the victim in criminal proceedings has evolved somehow independently of the implementation of the concept of restitution. On the one hand, there are legal systems in which the criminal court may order the offender to pay compensation for the damage caused, but the role of the victim still remains marginal. On the other hand, there are systems in which the victim is not only entitled to receive restitution, but he or she also has significant powers which enable him or her to play an active role in the criminal proceedings.

The Role of Cultural Values in the Folk Psychiatry Explanatory Framework: A Comparison of Chinese- and Euro-Canadians

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-707
Author(s):  
Sylvanna M. Vargas ◽  
Jessica Dere ◽  
Laura Garcia ◽  
Andrew G. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Canadian

The Folk Psychiatry (FP) model proposes a process through which people understand mental illness, comprising four dimensions: pathologizing, moralizing, psychologizing, and medicalizing. Cultural group differences have been observed in previous research using part of this model, with one prior study suggesting that adherence to cultural values may partly explain these differences. The current study, therefore, evaluated whether horizontal–vertical and individualism–collectivism values contribute to explaining Chinese-Canadian (CC) versus Euro-Canadian (EC) cultural group differences among the FP dimensions. Undergraduate CC ( n = 252) and EC ( n = 296) students participated in an online survey, in which they read vignettes about a person exhibiting symptomatic behaviors of major depression. They were then asked about their impressions of the person’s behavior, based on FP scales. Our results show that CCs were more likely to pathologize and moralize the behaviors described in our study vignette, whereas ECs were more likely to employ psychologizing explanations. When compared with ECs, CCs were significantly more likely to endorse vertical individualism and vertical collectivism and less likely to endorse horizontal collectivism. There was an indirect effect of cultural group on moralizing through the endorsement of vertical (i.e., hierarchical) values. Our findings suggest that valuing social order and adherence to social norms may partly explain why some people view mental health problems as a personal fault.

scholarly journals About the crisis in teaching communicative disciplines

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

A number of dangerous tendencies that generate turbulence of social relations lead to active desocialization of people. Among these tendencies are: leading role of pragmatics, transformation of the ideal of culture; “spirit of haste”, modification of communicative and ethical norms, digital addiction, digital dementia, digital autism, problems connected with the ecology of language and culture, destruction of the desire to obtain the cultural values, etc. All of these factors restrict, destroy and, eventually, make impossible the most important form of human interaction − communication. The effectiveness of communication is ensured, in particular, by the amount of knowledge provided by the so-called communicative disciplines. Knowledge of the linguistic norms and general rules of communication guarantees its success and, thus, on the one hand, meets the high requirements of the communicative competence of a modern person, and on the other hand, actively allows to resist the aforecited dangerous social tendencies. This determines the priority of communicative disciplines in modern education, in particular, practical stylistics and culture of speech. The article debunks the stereotypes about communicative disciplines as “secondary” row ones; demonstrates the multidirectionality of these ideas and modern educational requirements, which are formed as “the request of the modern time”. Specific measures are outlined to actualize the teaching of practical stylistics and culture of speech in modern educational programs. An attempt is made to draw the attention of the philological community to the crisis in teaching communicative disciplines and its possible consequences.

scholarly journals Nikolay Danilevsky about the role of influence in the formation of cultural and historical types

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Stefano Maria Capilupi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Idea

The article examines Danilevsky’s approach to the analysis of the role of influences on the formation and changes of cultural-historical types. Several contradictions in Danilevsky’s consideration of the phenomenon of influences are underlined. They were caused by an insufficiently clarified analysis of the correlation between the universal and the concrete historical, and by some monotheistic and typological aspects in the analysis of historical development. Danilevsky clearly underestimates the significance of the interaction between successive and synchronously developing cultures, which leads to a diminution of world-historical trends in the development of mankind. The article stresses a polemical character of a number of provisions of Danilevsky’s concepts. The urgent significance of the philosopher’s conclusions about the need to protect national cultural values is emphasized, which is especially important in the context of modern globalization processes. Additionally, some key risks of philosophical tendencies of Russian thought are pointed out in regard to the dream of world hegemony, or towards autocratic otherness. These dangers arise largely from the lack of practical and theoretical differences in the use of unprocessed European concepts, and therefore Russian history can often be viewed as a sequence of attraction to and repulsion from the West. The article also stresses that the “Russian idea” (which can be seen, in Solovyov’s understanding, from a religious standpoint as the one brought by the Russian people to the Last Judgment of the World as a unique contribution to universal human consciousness) is not a “dream” of world hegemony or the autocratic otherness”, according to which all good is always “one’s own”, and all evil is “somebody else’s”, but it is some antinomic perception of universal salvation, which was also noted by Dostoevsky, Florensky, Bulgakov, and others.

scholarly journals Values and Behaviour: The Literary Concept of “Bosom” in the Akan Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Peter Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Akan Culture ◽  
Gathering Data

This paper sees the Akan concept of “bosom”, translated into English as “lesser god”, as a very powerful socializing instrument used in constructing social order in the community. The aim of this paper is not to discount or dismiss the spiritual powers of the “bosom” but to use oral literature as a platform to investigate the role of the Akan people in the construction of what is known as “bosom”. This study has recourse to qualitative research methods in gathering data, the researcher immersing in the culture through formal and informal interviews and participant observation. The study also goes further to use the literary stylistics approach in analyzing the data. The findings are that man makes the taboos and the lesser gods execute the punishment. Again, taboos are values which constitute the tracks on which the society moves. These values “disguised” as “bosom” work, thanks to the fear factor in the Akan concept of “bosom”, making Akans literally worship these values in the form of “bosom”. Keywords: Cultural values, taboos, punishment, Akan lesser gods, stylistics

scholarly journals The origins of the theory of values in sociology and directions of its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-609
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryndina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Since the first stages in the development of society and its scientific models, the term value has become a center of theoretical and applied concepts. On the one hand, in everyday life, we all understand the importance of value diversity; however, on the other hand, it is not clear how this diversity can be combined with the social order. The article presents an attempt to identify those interdisciplinary origins of the theory of values that are the most significant for the conceptual definition of value and for the empirical study of the value system of the contemporary society in sociology. The author identifies two conditional trends in the development of the theory of values, which are fundamentally important for sociology: the first trend is presented by the development of a kind of axiological concept which was originally purely philosophical. As a rule, the origins of this trend are found in the works of I. Kant (morality as duty, its relationship with freedom and natural aspirations, objective goals, absolute values, etc.), since all subsequent philosophical interpretations of values either followed or criticized his transcendental approach. Thus, representatives of neo-Kantianism focused on such concepts as revaluation of values, value devaluation, imaginary values and guiding cultural values, values and estimates. The origins of the classical sociological theories of values are found in the works of E. Durkheim: he believed that values formed a kind of objective reality on which social harmony can and should be based; therefore, the main social phenomena (religion, morality, law, economics, aesthetics) are systems of (very different) values, or social ideals. The evolution of sociological interpretations of values was determined by the gradual departure from purely theoretical concepts to generalized methodological models, which allowed to describe the role of values in the institutionalized performance of the functions of preserving and reproducing a cultural model, and then to empirical-instrumental models based on the terms value orientations and social attitudes. Thus, the second conditional trend in the development of the theory of values in sociology is determined by the introduction of methods for the empirical study of value diversity in the historical and comparative perspectives.

scholarly journals Cultural Studies and Sociology of Culture in Germany: Relations and Interrelations

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Göttlich
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Over the last three decades, attitudes towards cultural studies in Germany have developed within contexts of contact and conflict with a variety of disciplines, e.g. ethnology, anthropology, sociology, as well as the sociology of culture, liter-ary studies and Kulturwissenschaft(en). On the one hand there is a strong academic interest in how cultural studies perceives and analyzes media culture, popular culture and everyday life. On the other hand boundaries with humanities and social science remain, which leads to criticism and conflicts with cultural studies and its achievements. I will discuss some of the problems concerning the perception and reception of cultural studies among representatives of Kulturwissenschaft(en) and sociology of culture. Furthermore I will draw on the role of cultural studies in thematizing cultural change and conflicts, and its ability to do so in a way that shows the importance of culture and politics.

scholarly journals Peran Elit Masyarakat: Studi Kebertahanan Adat Istiadat di Kampung Adat Urug Bogor

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-118
Author(s):  
Asep Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan penelitian studi lapangan dengan Judul Peran Elit Masyarakat: Studi Kebertahanan Adat Istiadat Di Kampung Adat Urug Bogor ini bertujuan pertama, menguji teori Ajip Rosidi mengenai Perubahan Sosial Budaya melalui data lapangan atau secara empiris. Kedua untuk mengungkapkan nilai-nilai budaya dalam adat istiadat atau kearifan lokal di Kampung Adat Urug dan menjelaskan peran Ketua Adatnya sebagai elit masyarakat dalam menjaga keberlangsungan adat istiadat tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Antropologis, Sosiologis dan Hermeunitik. Sementara Subjek kajiannya adalah masyarakat kontemporer di Kampung Adat Urug, Desa Kiarapandak, Kecamatan Sukajaya kabupaten Bogor, terutama Ketua Adat yang berjumlah tiga orang dan sebagian warga sebagai informan---Abstract Thesis research field studies with title Role Of Elite Society:  Studies Of Viability Customs In Kampung Adat Urug Bogor  aims first to test the theory of Ajip Rosidi on social-cultural change through field data or empirically. Second to express cultural values in customs or local wisdom in Kampung Adat Urug Bogor and explains the role of chairman of the customary as an elite society in maintaining the continuity of traition. This research is a descriptive-qualitative anthropological, sociological and hermeunitik. While the subject of study is of contemporary society in Kampung Adat Urug, Kiarapandak village, Sukajaya District, Bogor regency, especially indigenous Chairman of three people and some residents as informants.

scholarly journals Between fundamental rights and foundation: The position of human dignity in the Brazilian legal context

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Clovis Demarchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The One

The article focuses on Human Dignity and Fundamental Rights. The objective is to characterize Human Dignity as the foundation of Fundamental Rights. It is sought to demonstrate that the content of Human Dignity is the Fundamental Rights. The text is divided into five parts, initially with the proposal of creating a concept and the characterization for Human Dignity. In the next step, religious, political and philosophical elements of the idea of ​​dignity are discussed. Then, the dignity in the Brazilian legal system is discussed, and the same occurs with Fundamental Rights. At the end of the article, there is a confrontation between Human Dignity and Fundamental Rights showing their intertwining. It was concluded that Human Dignity imposes limits on the actions of any organism and form of political or social organization. It is the foundation that determines the role of the Fundamental Rights. It is the condition of the existence of the human being. It is up to Human Dignity to bring the essence of what characterizes the human being in the juridical-social order. On the one hand, Fundamental Rights guarantee the realization of Human Dignity; on the other hand, dignity is concretized when Fundamental Rights are realized. The inductive method was used and the research was bibliographic and documentary. Predefined paragraph styles

scholarly journals Cultural Trends In Development Of Science And Technology In Indonesia And The Role Of Philosophy To Overcome It (Pancasila In Action)

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 07059
Author(s):  
Iriyanto Widisuseno
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

Indonesian society is currently experiencing a cultural shift as an influence of the development of modern science and technology. The aim of this study reveals the phenomenon of cultural shifting of Indonesian society and to build a philosophical strategy to overcome the problem. Through qualitative descriptive explorations a posteriori method can identify and describe the symptoms of cultural change of society, to obtain a map of changes in socio-cultural values of the community. The philosophical synthetic heuristic method helps to show how the quality and relation of the object must be sought, giving way to the reconstruction of the basic frameworks of the existence of science. The results show that the development of science and technology today, on the one hand has facilitated the various needs of human life, but on the other hand has a negative impact on changes in thinking patterns, attitude and behavior of people who tend towards the development of practical, pragmatic and hedonistic . This problem arises because the development of science and technology increasingly separated from the basic framework of the existence of science, namely; ontology, epistemology and axiology. The development of science and technology needs to be directed back to the development model that puts Pancasila as the vision and orientation of strengthening the basic framework of the existence of science as a whole.

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