Environmental risk of aquatic organisms from genetic biotechnology.

2011 ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
R. A. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms

scholarly journals Taking Full Advantage of Modelling to Better Assess Environmental Risk Due to Xenobiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Charles ◽  
Aude Ratier ◽  
Virgile Baudrot ◽  
Gauthier Multari ◽  
Aurélie Siberchicot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
New Era ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Individual ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract In the European Union, more than 100,000 man-made chemical substances are awaiting an environmental risk assessment (ERA). Simultaneously, ERA of chemicals has now entered a new era. Indeed, recent recommendations from regulatory bodies underline a crucial need for the use of mechanistic effect models, allowing assessments that are not only ecologically relevant, but also more integrative, consistent and efficient. At the individual level, toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models are particularly encouraged for the regulatory assessment of pesticide-related risks on aquatic organisms. In this paper, we first propose a brief review of classical dose-response models to put into light the on-line MOSAIC tool offering all necessary services in a turnkey web platform whatever the type of data to analyze. Then, we focus on the necessity to account for the time-dimension of the exposure by illustrating how MOSAIC can support a robust calculation of bioaccumulation factors. At last, we show how MOSAIC can be of valuable help to fully complete the EFSA workflow regarding the use of TKTD models, especially with GUTS models, providing a user-friendly interface for calibrating, validating and predicting survival over time under any time-variable exposure scenario of interest. Our conclusion proposes a few lines of thought for an even easier use of modelling in ERA.

scholarly journals Effects and Risk Assessment of the Polycyclic Musk Compounds Galaxolide® and Tonalide® on Marine Microalgae, Invertebrates, and Fish

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Friday Ojie Ehiguese ◽  
M. Judit González-Delgado ◽  
Carmen Garrido-Perez ◽  
Cristiano V. M. Araújo ◽  
M. Laura Martin-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Polycyclic Musk ◽  
Inhibition Concentration

The current research investigated the potential environmental risk of the polycyclic musk compounds, Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN), in the marine environments. These substances are lipophilic, bioaccumulated, and potentially biomagnified in aquatic organisms. To understand the toxicity of HHCB and AHTN, acute toxicity tests were performed by exposing marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tretraselmis chuii, and Isochrysis galbana), crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus), bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Sparus aurata), and a candidate freshwater microalga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.005–5 µg/L) following standardized protocols (US EPA, Environment Canada and OECD). P. tricornutum and I. galbana were sensitive to both substances and for P. tricornutum exposed to HHCB and AHTN, the IC10 values (the inhibition concentration at which 10% microalgae growth inhibition was observed) were 0.127 and 0.002 µg/L, respectively, while IC10 values calculated for I. galbana were 5.22 µg/L (a little higher than the highest concentration) and 0.328 µg/L, for HHCB and AHTN, respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) concentration dependent responses were measured in P. lividus and M. galloprovincialis larvae developments, as well as S. aurata mortality tested with HHCB. The effect of HHCB on P. lividus larvae development was the most sensitive endpoint recorded, producing an EC50 value (the effect concentration at which 50% effect was observed) of 4.063 µg/L. Considering the risk quotients both substances seem to represent high environmental risk to P. tricornutum and M. galloprovincialis in marine environments.

scholarly journals Chronic toxicity and environmental risk assessment of antivirals in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Almeida ◽  
A. C. Mattos ◽  
C. P. G. Dinamarco ◽  
N. G. Figueiredo ◽  
D. M. Bila
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Chronic Effects

Abstract Antiviral drugs are a class of medications used for treating viral infections. Due to their widespread use, especially in cases of pandemics and limited human metabolism, antivirals have been detected in multiple environmental matrices. This study aims to evaluate the chronic effects of acyclovir, efavirenz, lamivudine and zidovudine using Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results with R. subcapitata showed the following toxicities: zidovudine (IC50 = 5.442 mg L−1) &lt; acyclovir (IC50 = 3.612 mg L−1) &lt; lamivudine (IC50 = 3.013 mg L−1) &lt; efavirenz (IC50 = 0.034 mg L−1). The results of the chronic bioassay with C. dubia demonstrated that zidovudine is the least toxic (EC50 = 5.671 mg L−1), followed by acyclovir (EC50 = 3.062 mg L−1), lamivudine (EC50 = 1.345 mg L−1) and efavirenz (EC50 = 0.026 mg L−1). Both species have been shown to be sensitive to efavirenz. A risk quotient (RQ) was calculated, and efavirenz had an RQ greater than 1 for both species, and lamivudine had an RQ greater than 1 for C. dubia, representing a high ecological risk for these organisms. Antivirals pose a significant environmental risk to aquatic organisms and should be taken into consideration in future monitoring of water sources. HIGHLIGHT Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of acyclovir, efavirenz, lamivudine and zidovudine. The most toxic antiviral for Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata was efavirenz. Results suggest potential risk to environmental and public health.

Environmental risk assessment for quaternary ammonium compounds: a case study from Austria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grillitsch ◽  
O. Gans ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
S. Scharf ◽  
M. Uhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effect ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) are widely used as disinfectants, biocides, and detergents, among a variety of other applications. The cationic surface-activity of QAC determines their potential to act as a biocide on both target and non-target organisms. This study aims to provide a broad-based environmental risk characterization and evaluation for selected QAC with particular focus on the situation in Austrian rivers. A modular study design was employed involving environmental exposure characterization, QAC fate and effect analysis in wastewater, ecotoxicological effect characterization, and environmental risk evaluation. A wide array of Austrian surface waters and wastewater effluents were screened for the selected key compounds, benzalkonium chlorides and dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides with different C-chain lengths. Ecotoxicological effect characterization was based on both microbiotests for a set of representative aquatic organisms and a literature review. For risk evaluation, the PEC/PNEC ratio was above 1 for some rivers. Notably, small rivers with a high particulate matter were contaminated with QAC in the case of high water incidents. Hence, for the Austrian sites studied, a QAC-derived risk to sensitive aquatic non-target organisms could not be excluded.

Environmental Risk Assessment on Chlorination By-Products in Discharge Water from Once-Through Seawater Cooling System

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xing Yu Zeng ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Xian Hui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Technical Guidance ◽  
By Products

Concentration analysis was performed on five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system of Dagang Power Plant in Tianjin. In addition, toxic effects [L (E)C50] analysis was performed from three basic levels of aquatic organisms Scenedemus vacuolatus, Daphnia magna and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Based on this, the quotient method from the Technical Guidance Document (TGD) on Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances by the European Union was adopted to assess the ecological risks of five chlorination by-products in discharge water from once-through seawater cooling system. The results showed that chloral, dichloroacetic acid and pentachlorophenol had environmental risk.

scholarly journals Taking full advantage of modelling to better assess environmental risk due to xenobiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Charles ◽  
Aude Ratier ◽  
Virgile Baudrot ◽  
Gauthier Multari ◽  
Aurélie Siberchicot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
New Era ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Individual ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractIn the European Union, more than 100,000 man-made chemical substances are awaiting an environmental risk assessment (ERA). Simultaneously, ERA of chemicals has now entered a new era. Indeed, recent recommendations from regulatory bodies underline a crucial need for the use of mechanistic effect models, allowing assessments that are not only ecologically relevant, but also more integrative, consistent and efficient. At the individual level, toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models are particularly encouraged for the regulatory assessment of pesticide-related risks on aquatic organisms. In this paper, we first propose a brief review of classical dose-response models to put into light the on-line MOSAIC tool offering all necessary services in a turnkey web platform whatever the type of data to analyze. Then, we focus on the necessity to account for the time-dimension of the exposure by illustrating how MOSAIC can support a robust calculation of bioaccumulation factors. At last, we show how MOSAIC can be of valuable help to fully complete the EFSA workflow regarding the use of TKTD models, especially with GUTS models, providing a user-friendly interface for calibrating, validating and predicting survival over time under any time-variable exposure scenario of interest. Our conclusion proposes a few lines of thought for an even easier use of modelling in ERA.Graphical art

Use of FSCBG to Predict Pesticide Deposition on a Piedmont Pine Seed Orchard

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parshall B. Bush ◽  
Sandra S. Chapman ◽  
Yvette C. Berisford ◽  
John W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Application Area ◽  
Wind Gusts ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Input Parameters

Abstract This study demonstrates the usefulness of the FSCBG aerial simulation model as a forest management tool. In general, the model closely predicted the measured deposition of bifenthrin in a pine seed orchard. An exception was the August application during which wind gusts caused the pesticide to drift further from the application area than predicted by the model. FSCBG tended to underpredict drift and evaporative losses based on the input parameters of this study. Simulations of other registered pine seed orchard pesticides demonstrated no potential environmental risk to representative aquatic organisms in surrounding ponds or waterways based on the test conditions presented. South. J. Appl. For. 19(4):145-150.

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