scholarly journals The effect of differing high-carbohydrate diets on dental caries in the albino rat

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Group 2

1. Fifty-six albino rats were distributed between four dietary groups in fourteen randomized blocks of four animals. Each block consisted of siblings and each member of the block received a different dietary treatment. 2. The diets permitted normal growth and the only variations were: group I contained 67% sucrose, group 2 an equivalent amount of uncooked maize starch and groups 3 and 467 % of finely ground Thin Wine and Morning Coffee biscuits respectively. 3. After 31 days on the diet, the animals were killed and assessed for dental caries. The rats of group I had significantly more caries than the other groups. The rats of group 2 had significantly less caries than the other groups. The biscuit diets produced significantly less caries than the sucrose diet, but significantly more caries than the starch diet.

scholarly journals The effect of uncooked and roll-dried maize starch, alone and mixed in equal quantity with sucrose, on dental caries in the albino rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. One hundred and ten weanling rats were distributed between five dietary groups in randomized blocks. Each block was constructed from within a litter and each member of the block received a different diet.2. The main features of the diets were: group I (twenty-six rats) 72% sucrose, group 2 (sixteen rats) 72% uncooked maize starch, group 3 (sixteen rats) 72% roll-dried maize starch, group 4 (twenty-six rats) 36% sucrose and 36% uncooked starch, group 5 (twenty-six rats) 36% sucrose and 36% roll-dried starch.3. The animals were killed after 20 days on the diets and assessed for dental caries. The rats of group 1 (sucrose) had significantly more caries than all other groups, the rats of group 2 (uncooked starch) had significantly less caries than any of the other groups. Roll-dried starch (group 3) produced significantly more caries than uncooked starch (group 2). The mixture of uncooked starch and sucrose (group 4) was significantly more cariogenic than the mixture of roll-dried starch and sucrose (group 5).

scholarly journals The effect of uncooked and roll-dried wheat starch, alone and mixed in equal quantity with sucrose, on dental caries in the albino rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. Eighty weanling albino rats, five from each of sixteen litters were distributed between five dietary groups in sixteen randomized blocks. Each block was formed from within a litter and each animal in the block received a different diet.2. The main features of the diets were: group 1, 72% sucrose; group 2, 72% uncooked wheat starch; group 3, 72% roll-dried wheat starch; group 4, 36% sucrose and 36% uncooked starch; group 5, 36% sucrose and 36% roll-dried starch.3. The rats were killed after 20 days on the diets and assessed for dental caries. The rats consuming diets containing sucrose (groups 1, 4 and 5) had significantly more caries than animals receiving diets in which starch was the sole carbohydrate. The diet containing roll-dried wheat starch produced significantly more caries than uncooked starch. The mixture of uncooked starch and sucrose was more cariogenic than the mixture of roll-dried starch and sucrose.

Ameliorative Effect of Withaferin A on Ageing-Mediated Impairment in the Dopamine System and Its Associated Behavior of Wistar Albino Rat

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raziya Banu ◽  
Muhammed Ibrahim ◽  
K. Prabhu ◽  
Srinivasagam Rajasankar
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aged Rat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Withaferin A (WA) was evaluated for its neuro-protective efficacy on ageing induced striatal dopamine (DA) and behavioural changes in aged rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into group I – young (3 months), Group II – aged (24 months), Group III – aged rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w once in a day for 30 days) and Group IV – young rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w). The HPLC assay revealed significant decline in the levels of DA and homovanillic acid (HVA) in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) of aged rat. A marked decline in motor activity of aged rat was observed through open field, beam walking and grid walking motor experiments. These results indicate that ageing reduces nigro-striatal activity as well as nigro-striatal DA levels. Interestingly, the administration of WA (50 mg\kg b.w) resulted in a substantial resurge of DA and HVA in SN and ST and a significant reversal of motor impairment in aged rats. This study is the first report that evidently determines the neuro-protective efficacy of WA on dopaminergic system of SN and ST in aged rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of levofloxacin in adult albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Prasanna Kumari S. ◽  
Latha K. ◽  
Meeradevi A.
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Active Isomer ◽  
Animal House

Background: Levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial used in the treatment of various bacterial infections and was active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Levofloxacin is an optically active isomer of ofloxacin. Apart from its antibacterial action, it also exhibit antinociceptive properties. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the analgesic activity of Levofloxacin in albino rat in comparison with aspirin.Methods: Thirty adult albino rats weighing 150-250 gm were obtained from central animal house. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as control received normal feed and water. Group II served as standard received tablet aspirin 100 mg/kg (oral) and Group III, IV, V served as test T1, T2, T3 and received tablet levofloxacin 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (oral), respectively. The analgesic effect of levofloxacin was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick methods and compared with standard analgesic aspirin. The values obtained were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis of difference between groups were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.Results: Levofloxacin at 40 mg/kg showed statistically (p<0.05) elevation in pain threshold and a higher antinociceptive activity in comparison to control and standard groups.Conclusions: In the present study, levofloxacin has showed promising results as an analgesic when compared to the control and standard groups. It may be a lead compound for identifying newer adjuvant analgesic agents.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽  
Omotola Grace Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

Protective effects of olmesartan and l-carnitine on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek M. Aziz ◽  
Mai A. Abd El Fattah ◽  
Kawkab A. Ahmed ◽  
Helmy M. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic, is an important antineoplastic agent due to its high antitumor efficacy in hematological as well as in solid malignancies. The clinical use of DOX is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of olmesartan (Olm), l-carnitine (L-CA), and their combination in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in rats. Male albino rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8): group I: normal control, group II: L-CA, group III: Olm, group IV: DOX. The other three groups were treated with Olm (10 mg/kg), L-CA (300 mg/kg), and their combination for 2 weeks after induction of cardiotoxicity by a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg). In the results, DOX showed a significant elevation in serum troponin I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) together with increased inflammation manifested by the rise of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in cardiac tissues as well as DOX-induced oxidative stress by increasing in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissues. In addition, caspase-3 activity was boosted as indication of increased apoptosis. On the other hand, administration of L-CA and Olm attenuated the DOX-evoked disturbances in the abovementioned parameters. In addition, DOX exhibited echocardiographic changes and severe histopathological changes, which were significantly reversed by L-CA and Olm treatment. In conclusion, the present study data confirm the protective role of L-CA and Olm in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be related to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic agents.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽  
Fatile Omotola Grace
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Avaliação de meios para armazenagem de resíduos de amálgama de prata

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Carmen Beatriz Borges Fortes ◽  
Susana Maria Werner Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Initial Storage

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shown efectiveness by different ways of storage of amalgam residues, to reduce the liberation of mercury from such residues to the air ambience and to compare with lhe highest value established by the NR-15 (regulation norm number 15) from the decroe number 3214, of the brazilian labor ministry, dated from june, 8 h of 1978. As mercury source, amalgam in capsules of the brand Dispersalloy (Dentsplay) was used after grinding, in the mechanic amalgamizer varimix II (caulk), the quantity of amalgam in cach capsule was collected from a sieve that had a mesh with mm of width to standardize lhe fragmentation. The fragmented amalgam was stored in jars made of transparent polypropylene, that could store 5()() ml; one of the jars was kept in a dry atmosphere (group l), and the others were immersed in distilled water (group 2), in glycerin (group 3) and in a solution of dentistry x-ray fixer (group 4). These jars were kept tightly shut, and put inside a bigger polypropylene recipient, during the time they were stored. Thirty minutes after the storage of the fragments, the jars were opened and air samples were collected around each of the four jars. The same procedure was performed 30 days after the initial storage. A Pump Sampler of Air manufactured by SKCâ was used to do the air collection. The air samples were analyzed by a spectrophotorneter of atomic absorption, to determinate the quantity of mercury. This analysis showed the following mercury concentration rates in the air samples, from the first and the second collection of the four groups, in the following order: group I 6,100 mg/m3 and 0,816 mg/m3 ; group 2 - 0,252 mg/rn3 and 0,157 mg/m 3 ; group 3 — 0,071 mg/m3 and 0,005 mg/m3 ; groui) 4 — 0,256 mg/m3 and 0,005 mg/m3. The results showed that glycerin is the safest way to store amalgam residues, since the quantity of mercuor vapor found in the air, in both collections: the first one and the other 30 days after, never surpassed the highest value established by NR-15 (Regulation Norm number 15), also demonstrating, bigger security, since the initial period of storage of these residues.

scholarly journals FABRICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES: USING VITEX NEGUNDO L. AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janakiraman M
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Uv Visible

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rat.Methods: Synthesized silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. were characterized by particle size, ultra violet (UV)-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Albino rats were divided randomly into six groups of six animals each. Group I normal rats were treated with an oral dose of distilled water for 15 days. Group II rats were treated with single i.p. dose of cisplatin (16 mg/kg) on day 1. Group III rats were treated only with an oral dose of V. negundo L. (200 mg/kg/d) for 15 days. Group IV rats were treated only with an oral dose of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. (200 mg/kg/d) for 15 days. Group V rats were treated with an oral dose of V. negundo L. for 14 days after single i.p. dose of cisplatin on day 1. Group VI rats were treated with an oral dose of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. for 14 days after single i.p. dose of cisplatin on day 1. Collected blood samples and kidney tissue samples were used for biochemical, enzymatic antioxidant, and histopathological studies in all groups.Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by particle size, UV-visible, and XRD analysis, and active principles were identified by FTIR analysis. Biochemical results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the significant (p˂0.05) decrease in the level of creatinine, urea, and uric acid as compared to cisplatin-induced rats. The enzymatic antioxidants results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the significant (p˂0.05) increase in the level of glutathione reductase and significant decrease in malondialdehyde level as compared to cisplatin-induced rats. In addition, histopathological results of silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L.-treated groups showed the ameliorated impact in cisplatin-induced rats.Conclusion: The results of these studies were concluded that silver nanoparticles of V. negundo L. have profound protective effect against the adverse effects caused by cisplatin in rat kidney than V. negundo L. treated along with cisplatin in albino rat.

scholarly journals Monosodium glutamate induced histological change in the Zona Fasiculata of rats' adrenal and the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C supplementation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fadia K Abdo ◽  
Zeinab A Hassan ◽  
Dalia A Mohamed ◽  
Hanaa S Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group I

Monosodium glutamate in gesting (MSG) is steadily increasing worldwide as a flavour enhancer and food additive. On the other hand, vitamins C has antioxidant properties and can play an important role in preventing or improving many diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to study the impact of MSG administration on the histological structure of the zonafasciculata (ZF) of adult albino rat adrenal cortex and to clarify the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C cosupplementation. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups: group I; negative and positive (received100mg/kg vitamin C) control subgroups. MSG-treated group were administered 2 mg/g body weight MSG via gastric tube andascorbic acid supplemented group were given the same dose of MSG, followed by vitamin C at a dose similar to the positive control group. Tissue sections were obtained and proceeded for light and electron microscope examination. Plasma ACTH and cortisone were estimated. Morphometric and statistical analysis of the results were performed. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels in the MSG-treated group were significantly increased comparing to control and MSGtreated group receiving vitamin C. Histologically, in the MSG-treated group, ZF contained highly vacuolated cells and congested blood vessels. The reticular fibres were increased in MSG-treated group decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Ultrastructurally, ZF contained cells with shrunken nuclei and numerous macrophages containing many lysosomes. On the other hand, the cellular architecture of ascorbic acid supplemented group was less affected and congested blood sinusoids were still detected. The reticular fibres were decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Oral administration of MSG caused histological and functional degenerative changes in the ZF of adrenalin adult male albino rat which was ameliorated by supplementation of vitamin C. So, it is recommended to minimize consumption of foodstuffs containing MSG and to eat foods rich in vitamin C after performing more researchers to be sure of these effects on humans.MSG

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