scholarly journals Biochemical and pathological changes in tissues of Friesian cattle during the experimental induction of copper deficiency

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Mills ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno ◽  
G. Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Friesian Cattle

1. Copper deficiency was induced in five Friesian cattle offered a semi-synthetic diet containing < 1 mg Cu/kg. Changes in blood and liver Cu contents and in the Cu-containing enzymes, ferroxidase I (caeruloplasmin;EC1.16.3.1) and monoamine oxidase (EC1.4.3.4) of plasma and cytochrome oxidase (EC1.9.3.1) of liver and skeletal muscle were monitored during Cu depletion.2. Rapid decreases in blood and liver Cu and plasma ferroxidase I activity were found at least 80 d before the first appearance of overt clinical signs of deficiency. Plasma monoamine oxidase and liver cytochrome oxidase activities decreased less rapidly and thus may provide useful indices of chronic Cu depletion.3. Although results of these assays indicated that Cu depletion was occurring and metabolic defects supervening, none facilitated the early recognition of individuals that subsequently showed marked overt clinical signs of Cu deficiency compared with those less severely affected.4. Irrespective of their clinical appearance at slaughter, Cu-depleted cattle showed gross or microscopic lesions of the skeleton and cardiovascular system and, in some instances, lesions of the ligamentum nuchae and small intestine. The aetiology of these lesions is considered with particular respect to changes in the activities of the Cu-dependent enzymes studied and to the interpretation of field surveys based solely upon determination of blood or liver Cu content.5. A second group of five cattle was offered the same diet supplemented with Cu to provide 8 mg Cu/kg and, later, 15 mg Cu/kg. Although no pathological lesions attributable to Cu deficiency were detected at slaughter a marked reduction in liver Cu content, a decrease in plasma ferroxidase I activity and, in four animals, the development of a diarrhoea controlled by oral administration of Cu, suggested that 8 mg Cu/kg diet did not meet their requirement for Cu.

scholarly journals Treatment of copper deficiency in Texel-crossbred sheep by the feeding of a concentrate formulated for dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
L. Noorman ◽  
A. F. G. Antonis ◽  
R. Jorritsma ◽  
J. T. Schonewille
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Serum Ceruloplasmin ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mild Diarrhea

Six Texel-crossbred sheep, from a flock with a history of a dull appearance and mild diarrhea, were presented to the faculty of veterinary medicine (University of Utrecht) . The clinical signs were found to be related to Copper (Cu) deficiency as indicated by low hepatic Cu values. It was decided to treat the animals by feeding them concentrates specifically formulated for dairy cows because such concentrates have a rather high Cu content compared to concentrates designed for sheep. Sheep Cu status was monitored by measuring liver Cu concentrations. Current results indicate the potential of feeding cow concentrate as a practical method to treat Cu deficiency in Texel-crossbred sheep. In contrast to hepatic Cu concentrations, serum Ceruloplasmin concentration (Cp) values did not respond to the treatment thereby indicating that serum Cp is inferior to evaluate Cu status in sheep compared to liver Cu measurements.

scholarly journals Degenerative axonopathy associated with copper deficiency in pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberio G. Olinda ◽  
Lisanka A. Maia ◽  
Maria T.S. Frade ◽  
Mauro P. Soares ◽  
Severo S. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Spastic Paralysis ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Spinal Segments

ABSTRACT: The epidemiological, clinic and morphological (pathological and ultrastructural) aspects of four outbreaks of copper deficiency affecting 21- to 90-day-old pigs in the Northeast region of Brazil are reported. Clinical signs began with paraparesis and ataxia and progressed to flaccid or spastic paralysis of the pelvic and thoracic limbs, followed by sternal and/or lateral recumbence. In addition, some animals showed dog-sitting position and intention tremors. The clinical manifestation period was 5-20 days. Significant gross lesions were not observed; however, microscopically, symmetrical degeneration of the white matter with ballooned myelin sheaths containing occasional macrophages was observed, mainly in the spinal cord. Two pigs presented with necrosis ad loss of Purkinje cells and ectopic Purkinje cells in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter. A ultrastructural analysis showed different degrees of damage of myelinated axons in the spinal segments, including an absence of the axoplasm structures with only axonal residues remaining. The myelin sheaths were degenerated and often collapsed into the space previously occupied by the axon. These results suggest that myelin degeneration is secondary to the axonal lesion. Finally, the concentration of copper in the liver was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and was found to be low (ranging from 2.2 to 10.8 ppm). In conclusion, in the Brazilian semiarid region, Cu deficiency occurs in 21 to 90-day-old pigs that ingested different types of waste in their food.

The copper nutrition of grazing deer

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
N.D. Grace ◽  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
A.M. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Important Trace Element

The first deer farms were established in New Zealand about 30 years ago and much of the early deer research was focussed on general nutrition, infectious diseases, management and husbandry practices, while little attention was given to trace elements. Limited trace element studies have identified copper (Cu) as the most important trace element for deer in terms of observed clinical signs of deficiency, namely enzootic ataxia and osteochrondrosis, and their possible impact on animal performance (Wilson et al. 1979; Thompson et al. 1994). To ensure that the Cu status of deer is adequate, and to determine if a Cu supplementation strategy is necessary, it is important to understand the distribution, function and metabolism of Cu, as well as dietary Cu requirements and criteria to diagnosis Cu deficiency. Keywords: Cervus elaphus, copper, deficiency, dietary requirements, fertiliser, forage, red deer, supplementation strategies

scholarly journals Copper deficiency in chicks: effects of ascorbic acid on iron, copper, cytochrome oxidase activity, and aortic mucopolysaccharides

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hunt ◽  
Joanne Landesman ◽  
P. M. Newberne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides

1. Copper deficiency was induced in newly hatched chicks by feeding on a milk-based diet for 12 d; effects of supplementation with ascorbic acid were studied.2. Cu deficiency alone resulted in 30% mortality from aortic rupture. This was associated with a 20% increase in total acid mucopolysaccharides in the aorta, manifested as an increase in chondroitin sulphate and a relative decrease in hyaluronic acid. Cytochrome oxidase activity of liver and heart was less than half that of the controls.3. Supplementing the Cu-deficient diet with 0.5 % L-ascorbic acid increased mortality to 40%, raised total aortic acid mucopolysaccharides to a higher level, and increased liver iron by 36%.4. Supplementing the control diet with ascorbic acid decreased liver Cu by 30% and significantly reduced total aortic acid mucopolysaccharides.5. The enhancement of the Cu-deficiency effect by ascorbic acid probably results from interactions between ascorbic acid and absorption or metabolism of Cu; untoward effects of supplementing the control diet with ascorbic acid may be interpreted as manifestations of ascorbic acid toxicity per se.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between copper deficiency and dietary ascorbic acid in the rabbit

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hunt ◽  
W. W. Carlton ◽  
P. M. Newberne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

1. Copper deficiency was induced in growing rabbits and the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation were studied.2. Signs of Cu deficiency, including reduced growth, achromotrichia and alopecia, anaemia, and gross alterations in the bones of the forelimbs, developed most rapidly in those animals fed ascorbic acid.3. Microscopic lesions in ossification centres were seen only in bones of rabbits which hadm received the vitamin.4. Calcium and phosphorus contents of ash from cortical bone were not changed.5. Compared with the controls, the concentration of liver Cu decreased and that of iron increased (> 50%) in Cu-deficient animals.6. Cytochrome oxidase activity was reduced in liver and heart in Cu-deficient animals; this effect was accentuated in heart preparations from animals fed ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to copper deficiency of different cereals and strains of cereals.

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
K.W. Smilde ◽  
C.H. Henkens
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Pot Trials

In pot trials, wheat was most sensitive to soil Cu deficiency followed by barley, oats and rye. There were sufficient differences in sensitivity between the various varieties of wheat, oats and barley. Cu-deficient plants of oats and barley produced low grain and high straw yields, mainly through profuse tillering. In wheat, Cu deficiency resulted in a reduction in the number of developed grains. Applying CuSO4 at 50 kg/ha raised the Cu content of oats and wheat foliage until the crop reached a height of 20 cm, and thereafter it decreased until ear emergence. Responses to Cu of sensitive oat varieties compared with insensitive ones were larger in soil- than in water-culture.-M.S.M. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Molybdenosis Leading to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Swedish Moose

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Frank
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Trace Element Pattern ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Mucosal Oedema ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The “mysterious moose disease” also called “wasting disease” is affecting moose in a strongly acidified region of southwestern Sweden. Chemical investigations of animals from the affected region have been performed since 1988 and several articles are already published (Frank et al. 1994, Frank 1998, Frank et al. 1999, 2000a, b, c, d). The numerous clinical signs and necropsy findings have included diarrhea, loss of appetite, emaciation, discoloration and loss of hair, apathy, osteoporosis, and neurological signs such as behavioral and locomotor disturbances (Rehbinder et al. 1991, Stéen et al. 1993). Further findings were mucosal oedema, hyperemia, hemorrhages and lesions of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, hemosiderosis of the spleen and liver, dilated flabby heart, alveolar emphysema, and uni- or bilateral corneal opacity. Not all the symptoms appear simultaneously in one and the same animal. About 150—180 affected animals have been reported annually since the late 1980s. An increase in molybdenum (Mo) and a decrease in copper and cadmium (Cu, Cd) content in organ tissues (e.g., liver) are signs of a disturbed trace element balance found in affected animals (Frank 1998). To confirm the findings and to elucidate the mechanisms leading to molybdenosis and Cu deficiency, experimental studies were performed in goats. The feeding studies were performed in a controlled laboratory environment and a semi-synthetic diet was supplied (Frank et al. 2000c). Despite considerable differences in species and living conditions between goat and moose, similar changes in trace element pattern and clinical chemical parameters were observed in both species. The study shows that the etiology of the moose disease is basically molybdenosis followed by Cu deficiency, inter alia (Frank et al. 2000a,b,d). Mo is an essential trace element that controls the metabolism of Cu in ruminants. Increased Mo concentrations relative to Cu in feed results in Cu deficiency, whereas the converse leads to an accumulation of Cu, even to Cu poisoning (e.g., in sheep). In an acidified environment, the molybdate anion is adsorbed in the soil, contrary to positively charged metals. The presence of Mo and Cu in the environment is basically dependent mainly on geochemistry, influenced by numerous physical and chemical parameters (Selinus et al. 1996, Selinus and Frank 2000).

Lower extremity artery disease

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2720-2733
Author(s):  
Marianne Brodmann
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
First Line ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

Most patients with LEAD are asymptomatic. Walking capacity must be assessed to detect clinically masked LEAD. The clinical signs vary broadly. Atypical symptoms are frequent. Even asymptomatic patients with LEAD are at high risk of CV events and must benefit from most CV preventive strategies, especially strict control of risk factors. Antithrombotic therapies are indicated in patients with symptomatic LEAD. There is no proven benefit for their use in asymptomatic patients. Ankle-brachial index is indicated as first-line test for screening and diagnosis of LEAD. DUS is the first imaging method. Data from anatomical imaging tests should always be analysed in conjunction with symptoms and haemodynamic tests prior to treatment decision. In patients with intermittent claudication, CV prevention and exercise training are the cornerstones of management. If daily life activity is severely compromised, first-line revascularization can be proposed, along with exercise therapy. Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia specifies clinical patterns with a vulnerable limb viability related to several factors. The risk is stratified according to the severity of ischaemia, wounds, and infection. Early recognition of tissue loss and/or infection and referral to the vascular specialist is mandatory for limb salvage by a multidisciplinary approach. Revascularization is indicated whenever feasible. Acute limb ischaemia with neurological deficit mandates urgent revascularization.

scholarly journals 289 Effects of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in post-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Danyel Bueno Dalto ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Yan Martel-Kennes ◽  
Guylaine Talbot ◽  
Martin Lessard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) homeostasis in post-weaned pigs. One hundred twenty piglets were selected at d14 of age (5.65 ± 0.68 kg). At weaning (d21), they were fed a basal post-weaning diet (without antibiotics) supplemented (n = 40/treatment) with 100 mg/kg (low; LZn), 1000 mg/kg (medium; MZn) or 3000 mg/kg (high; HZn) of ZnO until d42. Dietary levels of Cu (130 mg/kg) and Fe (260 mg/kg) remained constant throughout the experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed at d21, d23, d35, and d42 of age (n = 10/treatment/d) for samples collection. Serum concentrations and total liver content of Zn and Cu were not different among treatments on d21 and d23 (P ≥ 0.10). For Zn, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P &lt; 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Zn content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for HZn, intermediary for MZn, and lowest for LZn irrespective of ages in the two periods. For Cu, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P &lt; 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Cu content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for LZn and MZn and lowest for HZn irrespective of ages. For Fe, no treatment effect was detected either on whole blood Fe concentrations (P = 0.81) or hemoglobin levels (P = 0.76). However, for total Fe content in liver, treatment effects were detected (P &lt; 0.01). Values were greatest for LZn and lowest for HZn at d35 and d42 whereas for MZn they were intermediary at d35 and similar to LZn at d42 (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, supranutritional levels of dietary ZnO fed to piglets during 3 weeks post-weaning significantly impacted Zn, Cu, and Fe homeostasis. These results emphasise the potential risk of Cu deficiency as well as impairment in building body Fe reserves under long-term supranutritional supplementation of ZnO.

Effectiveness of soil dressings and foliar sprays of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

One field and two glasshouse trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat on a severely deficient, nearneutral clay soil in the Western Downs region of Queensland. In the field, when wheat was stressed for water from late tillering (Feekes stage 5) to anthesis (Feekes stage 11) , soil dressings of 2.5-10.0 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 increased early vegetative growth but foliar symptoms of copper deficiency reappeared during stem elongation, and grain yields were negligible at all rates. A single foliar spray of 2% CuSO4.5H2O applied at mid-tillering (Feekes stage 3) also did not correct the deficiency completely: foliar symptoms reappeared and grain yield was low (141 kg ha-1). A double spray treatment, the first applied at mid-tillering and the second just before booting (Feekes stage 10), was more effective and resulted in a grain yield of 800 kg ha-1. In a glasshouse experiment supplied with adequate water, a soil dressing equivalent to 16 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 (3.2 mg Culpot) completely corrected the deficiency. In a second glasshouse experiment, 2% CuSO4.5H2O solution was applied as single sprays at Feekes stages 3, 8, 9, 10 or 11, or as double sprays at Feekes stages 3 + 8, 3 + 9, 3 + 10 or 3 + 11. The most effective single spray was that applied at Feekes stage 10, but maximum dry matter and grain yield were obtained when a double spray was applied at Feekes stage 3 + 10. The effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of CuSO4.5H2O for correcting Cu deficiency of dryland wheat in Queensland soils are discussed in relation to water regime and supplying adequate Cu for both vegetative and reproductive growth.

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