scholarly journals Effect of caffeine on zinc absorption and Zn concentration in rat tissue

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena J. Rossowska ◽  
Tetsuo Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Contrast Injection ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Rat Tissue ◽  
Different Doses

The purposes of the present study were to determine whether caffeine has an effect on zinc absorption and tissue levels of Zn. Under anaesthesia, one side of the intestine of female rats was connected to infusion pumps and an infused solution (first caffeine and later Zn solution) was collected from the other side of the intestine using either 300 mm or the whole small intestine to determine Zn absorption. In a further study, different doses of caffeine solution were injected directly into the femoral vein and a saline or Zn solution was infused into the intestine to measure Zn absorption and tissue Zn concentrations. The results consistently showed that the caffeine solution infused into the intestine did not affect intestinal Zn absorption nor was absorption affected by the direct injection of caffeine into the vein. In contrast, injection of different doses of the caffeine solution significantly decreased Zn tissue levels for the heart only. Calcium concentrations in the heart tissue were also decreased, but not magnesium concentrations. Tissue Zn levels recovered immediately on infusion of a Zn solution into the intestine.

Abstract P472: Prorenin Independently Causes Hypertension And Renal and Cardiac Fibrosis In Cyp1a1-Prorenin Transgenic Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Huang ◽  
Guangyu Zhou ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Chunyan Gu ◽  
Alfred Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Pai 1

Plasma prorenin is commonly elevated in diabetic patients and appears to predict the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, the pathological role of prorenin is unclear. In this study, a transgenic, inducible, hepatic prorenin-overexpressing rat model was generated and the effect of prorenin in organ injury was examined. Four groups of rats (Cyp1a1 prorenin transgenic male and female rats and nontransgenic littermates) were assigned to receive a diet containing 0.3% of the transgene inducer indole-3-carbinol (I3C) for 4 weeks. Plasma prorenin concentration rose from 23±6 to 208±44 (μg/ml) and MAP increased from 77±5 to 138±17 (mmHg), whereas renal prorenin/renin protein expression was unchanged, in transgenic rats fed with I3C diet. The intact prorenin, not renin, in plasma and urine samples was further observed by western blot analysis. Importantly, transgenic rats with high levels of prorenin developed albuminuria, glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis associated with increased expression of TGFß1, PAI-1, collagen and fibronectin. These rats also exhibited cardiac hypertrophy determined by echocardiography, with elevated ratio of heart weight to body weight. Cardiac collagen in interstitial and perivascular area was prominent, accompanied by the increases in mRNA contents of ANP, BNP, ß-MHC, TGFß1 and PAI-1 in the heart tissue. Furthermore, renal protein levels of phosphor-NF-kB-p65 and MCP-1, NAPDH oxidase and MDA, phospho-ß-catenin and phospho-Akt were dramatically increased in prorenin overexpressed rats. These results indicate that prorenin, without being converted to renin, causes arterial hypertension, renal and cardiac fibrosis independently via the induction of inflammation, oxidative stress and the ß-catenin and Akt-mediated signals.

scholarly journals Diuretic activity of the bark of Eysenhardtia polystachya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez ◽  
María Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽  
María Estela Meléndez-Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Different Doses

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of <em>Eysenhardtia polystachya</em> bark aqueous extract at different doses in a rat model. Different doses of <em>E. polystachya</em> (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), furosemide (4 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered per os to female rats (n=6 animals per group). After 6 hours in metabolic cages, the effect on urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate and electrolyte balance of sodium and potassium were assessed in all animals. <em>E. polystachya</em> at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg induced diuretic activity, since markedly increased (p&lt;0.05) the urinary flow rate, similar to that of furosemide treated group. Only the dose of 750 mg/kg produced an increment in urinary excretion of sodium but not of potassium compared with control group. These findings indicate that<em> E. polystachya</em> bark-induced diuretic activity, providing evidence for its folkloric use.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The effect of ante mortem electrolyte therapy on animal physiology and meat quality in pigs segregating at the halothane gene

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
A. C. Murray ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. P. Sather
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
B Value ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Key Words Magnesium ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

The present study was initiated to investigate the effect of oral potassium (600 mg, slow release, 24 h preslaughter), intramuscular (IM) magnesium (500 mg MgSO4, 2 h preslaughter) or slow release magnesium (Magnesium-aspartate-hydrochloride (Mg Asp) 20 or 40 (g d−1 for 5 d) on animal physiology and pork quality. Experiments were undertaken on 318 barrows and gilts (100 kg ± 5 kg) represented by three genotypes segregating at the halothane locus (nn, Nn and NN genotypes). Experiment 1 indicated that the oral potassium effectively (P ≤ 0.05) reduced pCO2 values in the nn genotype. Intramuscular injectable magnesium treatments were also found to raise plasma magnesium (P < 0.05) but did not alter muscle, liver or heart tissue levels. Both oral potassium and i.m. magnesium exacerbated subjective pork structure and texture scores but were found to increase muscle brightness and hue (higher b* value). In exp. 2, oral magnesium-aspartate (Mg Asp) was found to raise plasma, but not tissue, levels of magnesium. When fed to a group of halothane carrier pigs (Nn genotype), Mg Asp reduced muscle temperature 45 min post-stunning, increased muscle redness (CIE a* value) and reduced muscle drip loss (P < 0.06). It was concluded that oral potassium and i.m. magnesium as administered in the present study had no beneficial effects on pork quality but that the beneficial effects of Mg Asp on meat colour and drip loss may warrant further investigation. Key words: Magnesium, potassium, preslaughter, pork quality, PSE pork

Abstract 1122‐000229: Simultaneous Transarterial‐Transvenous Contrast Injection to Reveal Connection Point for Treatment of Carotid Cavernous Fistula

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintan Rupareliya ◽  
Justin F Fraser ◽  
Lila Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Contrast Injection ◽  
Vein Access ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
Diagnostic Catheter

Introduction : Cavernous sinus (CS) via inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) access can present a challenge in the treatment of carotid‐cavernous fistulas (CCF) due to anatomical variations, tortuosity, and/or difficult visualization of IPS given high retrograde flow through the fistulous connection. Methods : A 58‐year‐old male was referred to our academic medical center for three weeks of right eye pain, now complicated by redness, diplopia and blurry vision. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain at the outside hospital revealed hemorrhagic lesion in right parietotemporal region. Computerized tomography‐angiogram (CTA) of the head revealed filling of cavernous sinus during an arterial phase suspicious for CCF. Under general anesthesia, after accessing right common femoral artery, 4 French (F) cook catheter (Cook Medical LLC, Bloomington, IN) was advanced over 0.035 angled glide wire to the proximal right internal carotid artery. Contrast injected through the ICA showed the CS but not the IPS (Fig. 1A). Through the left common femoral vein, access was obtained using an Infinity guide catheter (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) and Catalyst 5 (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) distal access catheter. A Synchro 2 soft microwire (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) was advanced through Echelon 10 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) microcatheter. The venous guide catheter was advanced into right internal jugular vein (IJV) and the distal access catheter was placed into sigmoid jugular junction. Injection of contrast revealed the IPS, but not the CS (Fig. 1B). A subsequent simultaneous hand injection with the microcatheter within the IPS and the diagnostic catheter in the left ICA elucidated the venous‐venous connection (Fig. 1C,) allowing for subsequent navigation and complete treatment of the fistula through IPS using target coils (Fig. 1D). Results : Given the arterial system is a high‐pressure system and the usual direction of flow of contrast would be from the high‐pressure ICA to the low‐pressure CS, injecting a simultaneous contrast bolus from the venous end would oppose the arterial contrast flow. As a result, the fistulous connection that was previously obscured became visible allowing roadmap imaging guiding navigation into the CS. Conclusions : Use of simultaneous trans‐arterial/trans‐venous contrast injection is relatively simple compared to other reported techniques to reveal an obscure connection point. It also shortens the duration of endovascular tools in the bloodstream and thus, reduces the potential complication rate. Further use of this technique on larger study samples is important to validate its general use.

Impaired follicular development and endocrine disorders in female rats by prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of cadmium

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Saman Saedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽  
Mehdi Totonchi ◽  
Mohammad Dadpasand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Puberty Onset ◽  
Different Doses

Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with several physiological problems including reproductive and endocrine system dysfunction resulting in temporary infertility. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd on puberty onset, the endocrine system, and follicular development. For this purpose, 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 4 per group). The treatments were as follows: 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) by oral gavage from PND 21 to observation of first vaginal opening (VO). The results demonstrated that prepubertal exposure to different doses of CdCl2 delays the age of VO, first diestrus, and first proestrus via altering the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. The low level of these steroid hormones contributed to lower differentiation and maturation of follicles and it finally led to reduced ovarian reservoir of follicles and impaired follicular development. The number of atretic follicles and secondary follicles with premature cavity increased in rats that received a high dose of CdCl2, whereas the number of secondary follicles and corpora luteum decreased in the same circumstances. Taken together, these data suggest that prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd delays the onset of puberty via disorderliness in the concentration of steroid hormones and reduces the ovarian reservoir of follicles, as well as folliculogenesis.

Protection Of Endotoxin Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation In Rats By Gabexate Mesilate

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yoshikawa ◽  
Y Furukawa ◽  
M Murakami ◽  
S Takemura ◽  
M Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gabexate Mesilate ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hemorrhagic Tendency

Gabexate mesilate[ methane sulfonic acid salt of ethyl-p- (6-guanidino hexanoyloxy) benzoate : FOY ] has recently been developed in Japan, and has been known to have potent inhibitory effects on trypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin and C1-esterase. Advantage of clinical use of this agent is that FOY has smaller molecular weight than aproti- nin so that production of antibody against FOY is hardly observed. In the present investigation, effect of FOY on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was examined using experimental animal models, in comparison with that of heparin.Female rats of Wistar strain (8-weeks) were infused with l00mg/kg of bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide B; E. coli; 055, Difco) continuously for 4 hours through femoral vein. Blood samples were serially taken from abdominal artery using catheter and examined for plasma fibrinogen, FDP, platelet counts, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. After the experiment, kidneys were removed to examine the deposition of fibrin to glomeruli.Different concentrations of FOY were intraperitoneally injected to the rats prior to the infusion of endotoxin, and it was found that the administration of 10 mg/kg of FOY showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the development of DIC, either hematologically or histologically. In comparison, heparin showed a strong inhibitory effect on DIC over a dosage of 5 U/kg.It is concluded that, although inhibitory effect of FOY was less significant than heparin, FOY might be valuable agent for the treatment of DIC especially when heparin is difficult to use in such cases as severe hemorrhagic tendency.

Sites of action of testosterone and estradiol on longitudinal bone growth

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. E135-E140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Jansson ◽  
S. Eden ◽  
O. Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Different Doses

In this study the mechanisms by which sex steroids influence body growth were investigated. The effect of different doses of testosterone propionate on longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain was studied in a) gonadectomized male rats, b) gonadohypophysectomized male rats, and c) gonadohypophysectomized male rats given replacement therapy with bovine growth hormone (bGH). The effect of different doses of estradiol benzoate on the same growth parameters was studied in female rats divided into the same experimental groups as the males. Accumulated longitudinal bone growth was determined using oxytetracycline as an intravital marker. Testosterone caused a dose-dependent increase in longitudinal bone growth in gonadectomized male rats. In contrast, testosterone exerted no significant increase in longitudinal bone growth in gonadohypophysectomized male rats with and without bGH replacement therapy. Treatment with estrogen inhibited longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain. The inhibitory effect of estradiol was approximately the same in gonadohypophysectomized female rats given bGH replacement therapy as in gonadectomized female rats. The results suggest that testosterone exerts its stimulatory effect on body growth mainly by modulating hypothalamopituitary functions, e.g., by altering the secretory pattern of GH. On the other hand, it seems that changes in the hypothalamopituitary functions are less significant for the inhibitory effect of estradiol on body growth. It is concluded from this study that the sites of action for estrogen and testosterone in modulating body growth in the rat are different.

Determination of rate of cross circulation in parabiotic rats with P32-labeled erythrocytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fleming ◽  
Laura Caldwell ◽  
Roberta Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Blood Volumes

Litter-mate female rats parabiosed at 21 days by the Bunster-Meyer method were allowed to mature for several months. Volumes of blood obtained from donor animals were incubated at 37°C with P32, in the form of buffered isotonic sodium phosphate. A plasma-free suspension of labeled erythrocytes was prepared and a sample of known activity was injected into the femoral vein of one member of each parabiotic pair. Four pairs of 100 lambda blood samples, obtained by venipuncture, were taken at varying intervals, for the succeeding 150 minutes. Using the dye dilution principle, it was possible to determine the blood volume of the injected rat after the first sample, and that of the pair at the time of equilibrium. The average blood volume was 6.53% of body weight. The concentration of tagged cells reached equal values in both members of the pairs at an average time of 90 minutes. There was less than a 20% loss of total activity in all the pairs used for determinations. An equation was derived for the calculation of the rate of exchange. The average for 15 pairs was 2.09 blood volumes per hour. The range was from 3.95 bl. vol/hr. in the fastest pair to 0.74 bl. vol/hr. in the slowest.

scholarly journals Age and hormonal dependence of tonin levels in rat submandibular gland as determined by a new direct radioimmunoassay

1986 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H C Shih ◽  
L Chao ◽  
J Chao
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hormonal Dependence ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Rat Tissue ◽  
Rat Submandibular Gland

A simple and sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for tonin (EC.3.4.99.-) has been developed. This assay incorporates a modified and convenient poly(ethylene glycol) technique for separation of free from bound tonin. A rabbit antiserum in a final dilution of 1:160,000 was used and the purified tonin was labelled with 125I by using a lactoperoxidase method. It detects 20 pg of immunoreactive tonin per tube. Serial dilutions of rat submandibular gland extracts showed complete parallelism with tonin standard curves. No cross-reactivity with rat tissue kallikrein was seen. Intra- and inter-assay errors were 3.2 and 5.6%, respectively. Using this assay, immunoreactive tonin was detected in the rat submandibular gland as early as 3 weeks after birth (body wt. approximately 50-60 g). Tonin levels are shown to be dependent on age and sex with significantly higher levels in male than in female rats. Castration results in decrease of tonin levels and 17 alpha-methyltestosterone replacement reversed the level to higher than the sham-operated control rats. Cortisol treatment increased, but thyroxine or oestradiol had no effect, on tonin levels in the submandibular gland of castrated rats. This newly developed radioimmunoassay can now be used to measure low levels of tonin in various tissues and body fluids to address questions about its regulation and functional significance.

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