scholarly journals Biochemical indices and neuromuscular function tests in rural Gambian schoolchildren given a riboflavin, or multivitamin plus iron, supplement

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bates ◽  
P. H. Evans ◽  
G. Allison ◽  
B. J. Sonko ◽  
S. Hoare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Activation Coefficient ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Ninety preselected children, aged between 8 and 14 years, living in two rural West African (Gambian) villages, were randomly divided into three groups, matched for age and sex. One group received a placebo (lactose) tablet, one received riboflavin (5 mg) on 5 d every week, which was sufficient to correct an endemic riboflavin deficiency, and one received a multivitamin supplement (Protovit; Hoffmann La Roche), on 5 d every week, together with FeSO4(200 mg) once weekly, and the supplements were given for 1 year. Neuromuscular tests, including arm tremor and manipulative skills, were performed on three occasions: once just before the introduction of the supplements; again 6 weeks after commencing the supplements; and again 1 year later. Venous blood samples were collected at the same time as the first two sets of neuromuscular tests. These samples were used for haematology and nutrient status indices: plasma ferritin, ascorbic acid, cyanocobalamin and pyridoxal phosphate, and erythrocyte tests for folate status, for riboflavin status (erythrocyte glutathionc reductase activation coefficient) and thiamine status (erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient). The riboflavin in both supplements achieved a clear-cut response in biochemical status, which was dose-dependent. The pyridoxine, ascorbic acid and Fe components of the multivitamin also affected the associated biochemical indices. Although overall the arm tremor and related neuromuscular function tests did not respond significantly to the supplements, significant improvement was seen in the boys for the arm-tremor test in both the supplemented groups.

scholarly journals Effect of riboflavin deficiency on reproductive performance and on biochemical indices of riboflavin status in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Duerden ◽  
C. J. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Activation Coefficient ◽  
Riboflavin Deficient ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Riboflavin Status

1. Young female rats were made riboflavin-deficient by feeding a purified diet containing casein (210 g/kg). This basal diet provided 0.40 mg riboflavin/kg diet, to which was added additional riboflavin at 0, 0.12 or 0.25 mg/kg diet. Control animals received the same diet with 15 mg added riboflavin/kg. The diets were given for 4 weeks before mating, then throughout pregnancy and for 15 d of lactation.2. With no added riboflavin in the diet, reproduction was severely impaired and fetal resorption was usually observed. With 0.12 mg added riboflavin/kg diet, however, reproduction was usually successful, and the growth of dams and pups was only marginally depressed in comparison with pair-fed controls optimally supplied with riboflavin.3. The activation coefficient (stimulated: basal activity) of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H) (EC 1.6.4.2)was high, and the concentration of riboflavin in the liver was correspondingly low in the dams receiving diets containing 0.12 or 0.25 mg added riboflavin/kg and in their sucking pups at 15 d post partum. Riboflavin levels in the milk from both groups of dams were about eightfold lower than in controls. There was little evidence that the sucking pups could maintain their riboflavin level at the expense of that in the maternal tissues.

scholarly journals Water- and Fat-Soluble Antioxidants in Human Seminal Plasma and Serum of Fertile Males

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzarino ◽  
Ilaria Listorti ◽  
Gabriele Bilotta ◽  
Talia Capozzolo ◽  
Angela Amorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma ◽  
Serum Ratio

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically involved in functions like sperm maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, but their excess is involved in male infertility. Antioxidants in seminal plasma (SP) are an important factor balancing physiologic and harmful ROS activities. In this study, we determined and compared the full profiles of the water- and fat-soluble antioxidants in SP and serum of 15 healthy fertile subjects (ranging between the ages of 35 and 42 years). Ejaculates were obtained after 2–5 days of sexual abstinence. After liquefaction and withdrawal of an aliquot for the sperm count, samples were centrifuged to obtain SP. Thirty min after semen donation, a venous blood sample was collected from each subject. Donors with lower SP concentrations of ascorbic acid (n = 5) or α-tocopherol (n = 5) received a 4 week oral administration of either vitamin C (100 mg/day) or vitamin E (30 mg/day). They were then re-assayed to determine the SP and serum levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. SP and serum samples were properly processed and analyzed by HPLC methods suitable to determine water (ascorbic acid, glutathione (GSH) and uric acid) and fat-soluble (all-trans-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids and coenzyme Q10) antioxidants. Data demonstrate that only ascorbic acid is higher in SP than in serum (SP/serum ratio = 4.97 ± 0.88). The other water-soluble antioxidants are equally distributed in the two fluids (GSH SP/serum ratio = 1.14 ± 0.34; uric acid SP/serum ratio = 0.82 ± 0.12). All fat-soluble antioxidants are about 10 times less concentrated in SP than in serum. In donors treated with vitamin C or vitamin E, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol significantly increased in both fluids. However, the SP/serum ratio of ascorbic acid was 4.15 ± 0.45 before and 3.27 ± 0.39 after treatment, whilst those of α-tocopherol were 0.11 ± 0.03 before and 0.10 ± 0.02 after treatment. The results of this study, by showing the peculiar composition in water- and fat-soluble antioxidants SP, indicate that it is likely that still-unknown mechanisms allow ascorbic acid accumulation in SP against a concentration gradient. SP mainly relies its defenses on water- rather than fat-soluble antioxidants and on the mechanisms ensuring their transfer from serum.

scholarly journals Both IL-1β and TNF-α Regulate NGAL Expression in Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Arena ◽  
Giovanna Stassi ◽  
Daniela Iannello ◽  
Domenica Gazzara ◽  
Maria Calapai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background. NGAL is involved in modulation of the inflammatory response and is found in the sera of uremic patients. We investigated whether hemodiafiltration (HDF) could influence the ability of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMGs) to release NGAL. The involvement of interleukin- (IL-)1β and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)α on NGAL release was evaluated.Methods. We studied end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients at the start of dialysis (Pre-HDF) and at the end of treatment (Post-HDF) and 18 healthy subjects (HSs). Peripheral venous blood was taken from HDF patients at the start of dialysis and at the end of treatment.Results. PMGs obtained from ESRD patients were hyporesponsive to LPS treatment, with respect to PMG from HS. IL-1β and TNF-α produced by PMG from post-HDF patients were higher than those obtained by PMG from pre-HDF. Neutralization of IL-1β, but not of TNF-α, determined a clear-cut production of NGAL in PMG from healthy donors. On the contrary, specific induction of NGAL in PMG from uremic patients was dependent on the presence in supernatants of IL-1β and TNF-α.Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that in PMG from healthy subjects, NGAL production was supported solely by IL-1β, whereas in PMG from HDF patients, NGAL production was supported by IL-1β, TNF-α.

Hematological Status of Male Runners in Relation to the Extent of Physical Training

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Robertson ◽  
Ronald J. Maughan ◽  
Ann C. Milne ◽  
Ronald J.L. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Blood biochemical indices of iron status were measured in venous blood from 20 runners and 6 control subjects. All subjects were.male, ages 20 to 40 years, and stable with regard to body weight and degree of physical activity. Dietary analysis was undertaken using a 7-day weighed food intake. There was no evidence of iron deficiency: hemoglobin concentrations and serum femtin levels were within the normal population range for all individuals. However, serum ferritin was negatively correlated with the amount of training. Daily iron intake appeared to be adequate; iron intake was correlated with protein intake but not related to training or energy intake. Serum ferritin, an indicator of iron status, was significantly correlated with vitamin C intake but not iron intake. Serum transferrin concentration was higher in the group of athletes undertaking a high weekly training load compared with the control subjects, suggesting an alteration in iron metabolism although there was no evidence of increased erythropoiesis. The biological significance of this is unclear.

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY ON ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Jamdar ◽  
Sailen Mookerjea
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Growth Impairment ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Liver Enlargement ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

In rats showing impaired growth and liver enlargement from riboflavin deficiency there was a decrease in the weights of thymus and spleen and a slight increase in the weight of adrenals, but these were also shown by control rats with the same degree of growth impairment from inanition. There was no effect upon the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals, and a questionable effect upon their cholesterol content. There was some decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes. There was a decrease in the catalase activity of the liver, but this was complicated by a relationship to the amount of dietary protein. These observations oppose the concept that in riboflavin deficiency adrenal cortical function is impaired, and suggest that it is slightly stimulated.

scholarly journals The Homozygous Hemoglobin EE Variant Is Associated with Poorer Riboflavin Status in Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950
Author(s):  
Brock A Williams ◽  
Kelsey M Cochrane ◽  
Jordie A J Fischer ◽  
Abeer M Aljaadi ◽  
Liadhan McAnena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Hemoglobin E ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Activation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Riboflavin Status

ABSTRACT Background Riboflavin is required for erythropoiesis, which is increased in people with hemoglobinopathies due to increased hemolysis and erythrocyte turnover. Dietary intake and status of riboflavin is poor in Cambodia, where hemoglobinopathies are common. Objective We assessed the association between genetic hemoglobin disorders and riboflavin status in women of reproductive age in Cambodia. Methods Venous blood samples from 515 Cambodian women of reproductive age, 18–45 y, were analyzed for biomarker status of riboflavin [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac)], genetic hemoglobin (Hb) disorders, and hematological indices. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the association between EGRac with Hb, ferritin, and Hb genotypes. EGRac was log transformed in the analyses, and the regression coefficients represent the geometric mean differences. Results Genetic Hb disorders were present in 57% of the population, with the homozygous hemoglobin E variant (Hb EE) occurring in ∼10% of women (n = 53). Deficient (EGRac ≥1.40) or marginal riboflavin status (EGRac ≥1.30 and <1.40) was observed in 92% (n = 475) of women. The variant Hb EE genotype was associated with 18% (95% CI: 9%, 28%) higher geometric mean EGRac values than the normal Hb AA genotype (P < 0.001). Conclusions Although riboflavin biomarker deficiency or marginal status is widely prevalent in Cambodian women, lower riboflavin status was observed more frequently in women with the Hb EE genotype than in women with normal Hb AA. The relation between genetic Hb disorders and riboflavin warrants further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01593423 and NCT02481375.

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY ON ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Jamdar ◽  
Sailen Mookerjea
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Growth Impairment ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Liver Enlargement ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

In rats showing impaired growth and liver enlargement from riboflavin deficiency there was a decrease in the weights of thymus and spleen and a slight increase in the weight of adrenals, but these were also shown by control rats with the same degree of growth impairment from inanition. There was no effect upon the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals, and a questionable effect upon their cholesterol content. There was some decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes. There was a decrease in the catalase activity of the liver, but this was complicated by a relationship to the amount of dietary protein. These observations oppose the concept that in riboflavin deficiency adrenal cortical function is impaired, and suggest that it is slightly stimulated.

scholarly journals Riboflavin deficiency: early effects on post-weaning development of the duodenum in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Yates ◽  
Gareth S. Evans ◽  
Hilary J. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Activation Coefficient ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Riboflavin Deficient ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Riboflavin Status

The aim of this present study was to identify the earliest point at which riboflavin deficiency affects post-weaning bowel development in rats. After weaning, eighty Wistar rats were weight-matched as pairs, one animal being fed a normal synthetic diet and the other being fed the same diet but deficient in riboflavin. Body weight, feeding and rates of growth were monitored and eight pairs of animals were taken for analysis at 45, 69, 93, 117 and 141 h. Riboflavin status was monitored by determining the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC), and hepatic flavins were measured by a fluorescence assay. Changes to the number and dimensions of villi and crypts in the duodenum were determined, as well as crypt division (bifurcation) and the DNA synthesis index of the crypt epithelium by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling. Riboflavin deficiency was established in the experimental rats, as demonstrated by a significant increase in EGRAC after 45 h (P<0·001) and decreased liver flavins after 96 h (P<0·001). After 96 h a significant increase in the size and cellularity of the crypts (P<0·001 in both cases) was seen in these riboflavin-deficient animals, with a decreased incidence of bifurcating crypts and of BrdU-labelled cells. No changes to villus number or size were observed. The present study has demonstrated that developmental changes to the duodenal crypt arise shortly after circulating riboflavin measurements show evidence of deficiency. These changes primarily affect cell proliferation and crypt bifurcation, and precede long-term changes such as the reduction of villus number.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Fertilization of Boron, Zinc and Iron on Fruit Quality and Leaf Nutrients Content of Peach cv. Shan-e-Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Besmellah Muradi ◽  
Anil Kumar Godara
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soluble Solids

Aims: To study the effect of different micronutrients and number of foliar spray on fruit quality and leaf nutrient content of peach. Study Design: The experiment comprised of seven treatments and conducted on seven years old plants in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the experimental orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2018. Methodology: The treatments included in the study consisted of three micro-nutrients [T1- ZnSO4 @ 0.2%, T2- ZnSO4 @ 0.3%, T3- FeSO4 @ 0.2%, T4- FeSO4 @ 0.3%, T5- Boric acid @ 0.1%, T6- Boric acid @ 0.2%, T7- Control (water spray)] each applied as foliar spray at different concentration as single and double spray. Results: The results showed that foliar spray of micronutrients significantly improved quality and leaf nutrient status in peach cv. Shan-e-Punjab. The foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 0.2% (T3) found to be the best treatment with respect to TSS (11.06%), ascorbic acid (8.18 mg/100 g pulp) and leaf iron content (345.51 ppm). The highest TSS: ratio (23.88), leaf zinc content (35.42 ppm) and lowest acidic fruits (0.45%) was observed from the plants sprayed with T1 (ZnSO4 @ 0.2%), whereas, highest leaf boron content (91.02 ppm) was recorded with T6 (Boric acid @ 0.2%). Double foliar spray of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and B) at first week of March + April significantly TSS, TSS: acidity, ascorbic acid, leaf zinc, iron, and boron content and reduced acidity fruits then single foliar spray in first week of March. Conclusion: The foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.2% (T1) proved to be best treatment in terms of quality. A double spray of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and B) significantly increased total soluble solids, TSS: acidity, ascorbic acid, leaf (zinc, iron, and boron) content and reduced fruit acidity as compared to single spray.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT PROCESSES IN CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L., GROWN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH BIOSTIMULANTS

10.23856/3414 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Oksana Lupak
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

The effect of plant growth biostimulants «Vermymag», «Vermyiodis» and «Vermystym» on the content of enzymes of antioxidant protection and metabolites of the prooxidant-antioxidant system of C. officinalis flowers of the cultivated variety «Poliova Krasunia» cultivated in the soil and climatic conditions of the Precarpathian region has been analyzed. It was shown that applying biostimulants during cultivation of C. officinalis flowers contributed to the increase (p<0.05-0.01) of antioxidant enzymes activity compared with control plants. In particular, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was higher with applying biostimulants «Vermymag» and «Vermyiodis». The biostimulant «Vermymag» had a positive influence on the peroxidase activity, contributing to the increase of enzyme content up to 21% comparing with the control. The content of ascorbic acid increased under the influence of all biostimulants in plant cells. The use of stimulants positively influenced the redox state of C. officinalis cells, contributing to suppressing lipoperoxidation processes and increasing the resistance of plants to the action of stress factors. It is found out that growth biostimulants promote the balance of prooxidant-antioxidant processes in C. officinalis plants.

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