scholarly journals Multi-frequency impedance for the prediction of extracellular water and total body water

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
Anna Tagliabue ◽  
Frans J. M. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Measured Impedance ◽  
Total Body

The relationship between total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW), measured by deuterium oxide dilution and bromide dilution respectively, and impedance and impedance index (height2/impedance) at 1, 5, 50 and 100 kHz was studied. After correction for TBW, ECW was correlated only with the impedance index at 1 and 5 kHz. After correction for ECW, TBW was best correlated with the impedance index at 100 kHz. The correlation of body-water compartments with impedance values obtained with modelling programs was lower than with measured impedance values. Prediction formulas for ECW (at 1 and 5 kHz) and TBW (at 50 and 100 kHz) were developed. The prediction errors for ECW and TBW were 1·0 and 1·7 kg respectively (coefficient of variation 5%). The residuals of both ECW and TBW were related to the ECW/TBW value. Application of the prediction formulas in a population, independently measured, revealed a slight overestimation of TBW and ECW, which could be largely explained by differences in the validation group in body-water distribution and in body builds. The ratio of impedance at 1 kHz to impedance at 100 kHz was correlated with body-water distribution (ECW/TBW). The relation is however not strong enough to be useful as a predictor. It is concluded that an independent prediction of ECW and TBW, using impedance at low and high frequency respectively, is possible, but that the bias depends on the body-water distribution and body build of the measured subject.

scholarly journals Using Dilution Techniques and Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance to Assess Both Total Body Water and Extracellular Water at Baseline and During Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. H. Janssen ◽  
P. Deurenberg ◽  
F. Roelfsema
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rhgh Treatment

Abstract Due to the use of various, and mostly indirect, methods to estimate total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW), there is no agreement about whether body water distribution, i.e. the ECW to TBW ratio, is normal in GH-deficient (GHD) subjects at baseline and during recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment. We studied body water distribution in 14 patients with adult-onset GHD and in 28 healthy controls. We also investigated the effect of GH replacement therapy for 4 and 52 weeks on body water distribution. All patients started with a dose of 0.6 IU rhGH/day for the first 4 weeks. After 52 weeks, the dose varied between 0.6–1.8 IU/day. TBW and ECW were measured by dilution of deuterium and bromide, respectively. Both parameters were also estimated using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Patients with GHD had significantly lower ECW and TBW than healthy controls. In addition, the ECW to TBW ratio was significantly lower in GHD patients than in healthy controls. Four weeks of GH treatment significantly increased body weight, TBW, ECW, and ECW/TBW. A further increase in TBW, but not ECW, was found after 52 weeks of treatment. The mean increases in TBW and ECW from the baselines were 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.0 ± 0.3 L, respectively. The correlation coefficient and the estimated reliability between measured and estimated TBW and ECW at any time point were all high (>0.91 and >0.95, respectively). In general, both ECW and TBW were overestimated by multifrequency BIA in GHD adults. During treatment, the overestimation of both ECW and TBW diminished. The estimation error was correlated with the level of the body water compartment and the ratio of ECW to TBW. The estimated change in ECW with rhGH treatment was underestimated by multifrequency BIA. We conclude that GHD adults have lower ECW and TBW and a lower ECW to TBW ratio, as measured by dilution techniques. The ECW to TBW ratio can be normalized within 4 weeks of rhGH treatment at a dose of 0.6 IU/day. Finally, we conclude that multifrequency impedance measurements do not give valid estimates of body water compartments in the follow-up of patients with GHD.

BODY WATER COMPARTMENTS IN THE PREMATURE INFANT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME AND OF MATERNAL DIABETES AND TOXEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-889
Author(s):  
Wesley M. Clapp ◽  
L. Joseph Butterfield ◽  
Donough O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Normal values for both total body water and extracellular water have been determined in 86 premature infants aged 1 to 90 days and weighing 940 to 2,435 gm, with use of the techniques of deuterium oxide and bromide dilution. Nine full-term infants aged 1 to 6 days and weighing 2,590 to 4,985 gm were similarly studied. Nine infants with the respiratory distress syndrome and eight infants of toxemic mothers studied in the first 24 hours of life showed no significant difference in their body water compartments in comparison to a control group of normal infants matched for age and weight. Seven infants of diabetic mothers studied in the first 24 hours of life showed a significant decrease in total body water, expressed as percentage of body weight, with a normal intracellular to extracellular water ratio. These data indirectly support other evidence that there is an increase in body fat in these infants at birth. See Table in the PDF file

scholarly journals The Use of Infrared Spectrophotometry for Measuring Body Water Spaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Leslie Bluck ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
Marinos Elia
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Abstract Background: The conventional method of measuring total body water by the deuterium isotope dilution method uses gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is both expensive and time-consuming. We investigated an alternative method, using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), which uses less expensive instrumentation and requires little sample preparation. Method: Total body water measurements in human subjects were made by obtaining plasma, saliva, and urine samples before and after oral dosing with 1.5 mol of deuterium oxide. The enrichments of the body fluids were determined from the FTIR spectra in the range 1800–2800 cm−1, using a novel algorithm for estimation of instrumental response, and by IRMS for comparison. Results: The CV (n = 5) for repeat determinations of deuterium oxide in biological fluids and calibrator solutions (400–1000 μmol/mol) was found to be in the range 0.1–0.9%. The use of the novel algorithm instead of the integration routines supplied with the instrument gave at least a threefold increase in precision, and there was no significant difference between the results obtained with FTIR and those obtained with IRMS. Conclusion: This improved infrared method for measuring deuterium enrichment in plasma and saliva requires no sample preparation, is rapid, and has potential value to the clinician.

BODY WATER COMPARTMENTS IN CHILDREN: CHANGES DURING GROWTH AND RELATED CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
B. Friis-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Total Body ◽  
First Year Of Life

During growth of infants and children, certain characteristic changes are found. A rapid decrease of the relative volumes of total body water and of extracellular water occurs during the first year of life, followed by a smaller decrease of volume of extracellular water later in childhood. At the same time an increased heterogeneity of the extracellular water takes place. On the other hand, the volume of intracellular water increases a little during the first months of life and remains more or less constant from then on. Formulas and nomograms from which these body water compartments can be predicted are presented. Finally, data on the corresponding changes in the total body water and in body specific gravity are discussed.

scholarly journals P0310FLUID OVERLOAD AND MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE IN SEVERE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matyjek ◽  
Aleksandra Rymarz ◽  
Stanisław Niemczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background and Aims One of the major symptoms of severe nephrotic syndrome is fluid retention. Fluid overload can induce cardiovascular damage. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) and hsTnT (high sensitivity troponin T) are well known markers of this disorder. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between volumes of body water compartments and markers of cardiovascular damage in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome (SNS) defined as nephrotic range proteinuria and hypalbuminaemia ≤ 2.5 g/dl. Method 40 patients with SNS and eGFR >30 ml/min/1.73m2 formed the study group (SNSG) and 40 healthy volunteers without SNS matched according to age, sex, height, body mass and kidney function formed the control group (CG). In all participants serum creatinine, serum albumin concentration, daily proteinuria, hsTnT and NT-proBNP were measured. Body water compartments such as extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW), overhydration (OH) were assessed using Body Composition Monitor, Fresenius Medical Care. For statistical analysis Spearman’s correlation coefficients, chi2 or Mann-Whitney U tests were used (Statistica v 13.1). Results SNSG included 28 males (70%) and 12 females. Median age was 55 years (IQR 30-65), the mean daily proteinuria was 10.5 ±5.0 g. The characteristics of the study parameters in two groups are described in the table. Significantly higher hsTnT (18 vs 6 ng/l, p=0.0001) and NT-proBNP (294.8 vs 47.1 pg/ml, p=0.0003) levels were observed in the severe nephrotic syndrome group in comparison (SNSG) to CG. In SNSG extracellular water was significantly higher (20.9 ±5,2 vs 17.4 ±3.3 L, p=0.001) and intracellular water (ICW) was significantly lower (18.9 ±5.2 vs 21.4 ±4.8 L, p=0.034) in comparison to CG. Interestingly total body water (TBW) did not differ between the groups (39.8 ±8.6 vs 38.8 ±7.7 L, p=0.603). Also overhydration which is a derivative of ECW, was higher in SNSG (OH: 4.2 vs 0.3 L, p<0.0001) than in CG. Significant, positive correlation was observed between OH and NT-proBNP (R=0.56, p<0.0001) as well as hsTnT (R=0.60, p<0.0001). We did not observed significant correlation between ECW and NT-proBNP or hsTnT. Conclusion In the severe nephrotic syndrome group fluid retention was associated with the increase in ECW and the decrease in ICW whereas TBW was the same in both groups. Such constellation can indicate for intracellular underhydration which was not describe so far. Overhydration, which is a derivative of ECW, positively correlated with markers of cardiovascular damage and can be important for patients with resistant SNS and can influence their prognosis.

scholarly journals Deuterium and Bromide Dilution, and Bioimpedance Spectrometry Independently Show That Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults Have an Enlarged Extracellular Water Compartment Related to Intracellular Water

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt ◽  
Yvonne E. M. Snel ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer ◽  
Hans P. F. Koppeschaar
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Water Compartment ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gh Deficiency In Adults

Abstract GH has a strong influence on body composition. However, the effects of GH deficiency in adults on water compartments are not well understood. Therefore, extracellular water (ECW) and total body water were independently determined by deuterium and bromide dilution and by bioimpedance spectrometry in GH-deficient (GHD) adults and compared to those in controls, matched for age, sex, body weight, and height. The results show that the percent body fat was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and total body water and intracellular water (ICW) were significantly lower in GHD adults for males, females, and both sexes combined. ECW was not significantly different between the two groups. ECW/ICW in GHD adults (0.42 ± 0.03) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in controls (0.39 ± 0.02). There was a significant positive relation between the ECW/ICW ratio and the percent body fat. These results were confirmed by the bioimpedance spectrometry measurements.

BODY WATER OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Osler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ABSTRACT The total body water as well as the distribution of water in the extracellular and intracellular compartments was determined in 23 infants born to diabetic mothers (diab. infants) and 15 infants born to normal mothers (normal infants). The total body water was determined by the dilution method using heavy water, and the extracellular water by the dilution method using thiosulphate. Intracellular water was calculated as total water less extracellular water. The analytical methods are described. Diab. infants proved to have a mean total body water of 2.48 litres or 70.2 per cent of the body weight, a mean extracellular water content of 1.41 litre or 38.5 per cent of the body weight, and a mean intracellular water content of 1.16 litre or 31.8 per cent of the body weight. Normal infants had a mean total body water of 2.58 litres or 78.2 per cent of the body weight, a mean extracellular water content of 1.53 litre or 44.9 per cent of the body weight, and a mean intracellular water content of 1.12 litre or 33.5 per cent of the body weight. The reduction in total and extracellular water in the diab. infants is statistically significant, whereas that of intracellular water is more doubtful. The reduction in total body water means that diab. infants are obese. A marked decrease in total as well as extracellular water without a substantial decrease in intracellular water cannot be due to obesity alone, since fat is assumed to contain more extracellular than intracellular water. Increased deposition of glycogen, which binds water in the cells and constitutes an intermediate product in the transformation of glucose to fat, can explain, when also considering the obesity, the reduction in total and extracellular water without a simultaneous decrease of intracellular water. Considering the influence of insulin, corticosteroids and growth hormone on the body composition, the author concludes that the changes found in the body composition of newborn infants of diabetic mothers (obesity + presumably increased glycogen) may be assumed to be due to maternal hyperglycaemia with consequent foetal hyperglycaemia + hyperinsulinism, but not to an action of maternal growth hormone. In other words, the result supports the so-called hyperglycaemia hypothesis as the cause of the increased weight and changed body composition of the newborn infants of diabetic women.

BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES ON THE SUCKLING PIG: II. THE IN-VIVO DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BODY WATER

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. D. Groves ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sequential Studies ◽  
Good Agreement

The method of Keston et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 122, 227) for the in-vivo determination of total body water when applied to the growing piglet has been evaluated and found to produce values in good agreement with those obtained by desiccation of the same animals.The densitometric method for the determination of deuterium oxide provides results of sufficient precision when considered in relation to the other unavoidable errors involved in work with live animals. The relative simplicity of the techniques and equipment in the present investigation recommend them for more extensive use in sequential studies of the body composition of growing animals.

Single- and multifrequency models for bioelectrical impedance analysis of body water compartments

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gudivaka ◽  
D. A. Schoeller ◽  
R. F. Kushner ◽  
M. J. G. Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Total Body

The 1994 National Institutes of Health Technology Conference on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) did not support the use of BIA under conditions that alter the normal relationship between the extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) compartments. To extend applications of BIA to these populations, we investigated the accuracy and precision of seven previously published BIA models for the measurement of change in body water compartmentalization among individuals infused with lactated Ringer solution or administered a diuretic agent. Results were compared with dilution by using deuterium oxide and bromide combined with short-term changes of body weight. BIA, with use of proximal, tetrapolar electrodes, was measured from 5 to 500 kHz, including 50 kHz. Single-frequency, 50-kHz models did not accurately predict change in total body water, but the 50-kHz parallel model did accurately measure changes in ICW. The only model that accurately predicted change in ECW, ICW, and total body water was the 0/∞-kHz parallel (Cole-Cole) multifrequency model. Use of the Hanai correction for mixing was less accurate. We conclude that the multifrequency Cole-Cole model is superior under conditions in which body water compartmentalization is altered from the normal state.

scholarly journals The measurement of total body water in living pigs by deuterium oxide dilution and its relation to body composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Houseman ◽  
I. Mcdonald ◽  
K. Pennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

1. Deuterium oxide was used to estimate body water in twenty-four pigs of widely differing body composition and of average weight 83·9 kg.2. After infusion of the isotope, blood samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h. The resulting plasma was purified by a heat-distillation procedure, after which it was analysed for D2O by infrared spectroscopy.3. Approximately 24 h after infusion of the D2O each pig was killed, and its composition determined both by chemical analysis and physical dissection.4. Equilibration of D2O in the body was found to be complete within 2 h of injection of the tracer.5. The mean D2O space was found to be 8·6% greater than the mean empty body water space, but only 2·2% greater than the total body water space.6. Empty body water and total body water were estimated from the regression lines with residual standard deviations of 2·7 and 1·9% respectively. Similarly, the residual standard deviations of the regressions involving the other fat-free components were 6·3% for dissectible lean, 3·2% for fat-free mass, and 5·6% for crude protein.7. The residual standard deviations of the regressions in which the weights of dissectible fat and total body lipid were predicted were 6·0 and 6·7% respectively.

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