Soilless culture systems.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Soilless Cultivation

Abstract Soilless cultivation involves growing plants in containers, beds, trays, chambers or channels of a liquid or solid soilless medium. Soilless culture encompasses a wide range of horticultural production methods. These range from potted nursery crops in solid substrates or drip-irrigated greenhouse vegetable crops, to water culture methods. The latter is true 'hydroponics'. In modern times, hydroponics has become the term used to cover many forms of soilless production, both where a solid medium is used to support the plant and where only solution culture is employed.

scholarly journals ABOUT FOOD VALUES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF FRESH GREEN VEGETABLE CROPS - SALADS

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
A. P. Captel ◽  
E. A. Pyrkova ◽  
N. L. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
And Storage

The production of green crops, primarily salads, is one of the promising areas of greenhouse vegetable growing. The grounds for this are: year-round demand in the market for fresh greens, high profitability of production, the presence of a wide range of varieties and hybrids belonging to different varieties, an increased level of food culture of the population. The article describes the nutritional value of fresh vegetable greens - lettuce, describes the requirements for consumer characteristics, imposed by the enacted State Standard 33985-2016 “Lettuce. Endive curly, endive Eskariol fresh. Technical conditions”, features of packing, transportation and storage of lettuce are presented. It is established that the leaves of lettuce contain a significant amount of malic, citric and succinic acids, about 2% carbohydrates, 1.5% protein, 0.5% fiber. A large number of trace elements such as manganese, cobalt, copper, iodine and zinc, an excellent ratio in the salad of potassium and sodium. Pigments are represented, including carotene and xanthophyll (from 2.0 to 2.7 mg / 100 g), anthocyanins are present in the colored varieties of lettuce. According to the content of phenolic compounds (represented by cinnamic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids), leaf varieties are distinguished - up to 192 mg / 100 g, rosette leaves of a head of lettuce - 113-127 mg / 100 g depending on the commercial grade, described unacceptable defects of vegetable greens, methods of laying and specific uniformity of lettuce in the packaging unit.

A new wood fibre substrate for hydroponic tomato and pepper crops

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Ehret ◽  
T Helmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Pepper Plants

The use of red cedar sawdust as a growing substrate for hydroponic tomato and pepper production was tested by comparison with yellow cedar sawdust and coir. In experiments with 14-d-old transplants, growth inhibition was observed in response to red cedar compared with yellow cedar sawdust. However, growth of plants transplanted at 28 d was better in red cedar than in yellow cedar, and those planted at 38 d were unaffected by sawdust type. Additionally, tomato and pepper plants grown to maturity under conditions similar to commercial production systems showed no negative effects of red cedar on fruit yield or quality when compared with plants grown in either yellow cedar or coir. There were also no differences in plants grown in either new or old red cedar sawdust. The data suggest that western red cedar should be considered as a viable substrate for production of greenhouse vegetable crops. Key words: Western red cedar, tomato, pepper, hydroponics, soilless culture, yellow cedar, coir, greenhouse

Possession and Repetition

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lay Buddhists ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
And Function ◽  
To Receive

This article demonstrates the need for the iconic status and function of Buddhist scripture to receive more attention by illuminating how lay Korean Buddhists try to appropriate the power of sutras. The oral and aural aspects of scripture, explained by Wilfred Cantwell Smith, provide only a limited understanding of the characteristics of scripture. It should be noted that, before modern times, most lay people, not only in Buddhist cultures but also in Christian and other traditions, neither had the chance to recite scriptures nor to listen to their recitations regularly. Several clear examples demonstrate contemporary Korean Buddhists’ acceptance of the iconic status of sutras and their attempt to appropriate the power and status of those sacred texts. In contemporary Korea, lay Buddhists try to claim the power of scriptures in their daily lives by repeating and possessing them. Twenty-first century lay believers who cannot read or recite in a traditional style have found new methods of repetition, such as internet programs for copying sacred texts and for playing recordings of their recitations. In addition, many Korean Buddhists consider the act of having sutras in one’s possession to be an effective way of accessing the sacred status and power of these texts. Hence, various ways of possessing them have been developed in a wide range of products, from fancy gilded sutras to sneakers embroidered with mantras.

scholarly journals Angolan vegetable crops have unique genotypes of potential value for future breeding programmes

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Domingos ◽  
Ana M. Fita ◽  
María B. Picó ◽  
Alicia Sifres ◽  
Isabel H. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Dependence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract A survey was carried out in Angola with the aim of collecting vegetable crops. Collecting expeditions were conducted in Kwanza-Sul, Benguela, Huíla and Namibe Provinces and a total of 80 accessions belonging to 22 species was collected from farmers and local markets. Species belonging to the Solanaceae (37 accessions) and Cucurbitaceae (36 accessions) families were the most frequently found with pepper and eggplant being the predominant solanaceous crops collected. Peppers were sold in local markets as a mixture of different types, even different species: Capsicum chinense, C. baccatum, C. frutescens and C. pubescens. Most of the eggplant accessions collected belonged to Solanum aethiopicum L. Gilo Group, the so-called ‘scarlet eggplant’. Cucurbita genus was better represented than the other cucurbit crops. A high morphological variation was present in the Cucurbita maxima and C. moschata accessions. A set of 22 Cucurbita accessions from Angola, along with 32 Cucurbita controls from a wide range of origins, was cultivated in Valencia, Spain and characterised based on morphology and molecularity using a set of 15 microsatellite markers. A strong dependence on latitude was found in most of the accessions and as a result, many accessions did not set fruit. The molecular analysis showed high molecular variability and uniqueness in the collected accessions, as shown by their segregation from the set of global controls. In summary, the material collected is quite valuable because of its uniqueness and the potential of the breeding characteristics it possesses.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hira Mannan ◽  
Qurban Ali Nahiyoon ◽  
Jilian Li
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pre Treatment

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an essential vegetable crop with good nutritional significance. Insect pests are the major threat for poor production of the okra crop. Thrips of vegetable crops are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops. The present field study was carried out to know the efficacy of different insecticides (acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww), lambda 25% ww, colarphipare 32% ww, lambda 2.5% ww and abamectin 1.3% ww) against Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on okra crop during the year 2019, and observations against T. tabaci (Lindeman) were recorded after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of thrips on okra was non-significant (P > 0.05); while the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against thrips was significant (P < 0.01). It was noted that all the insecticides showed their highest efficacy after 7 days of spray and acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww) was more efficient to combat the T. tabaci as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 73.92 and 74.91% against thrips after 7 days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% ww, was reasonably successful, yielding 53.81 and 56.66% field efficacy against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray. Also, moderately effective was colarphipare 32% ww, which developed field effectiveness of 56.41 and 61.49% against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray, respectively.

Domain size, layer number and morphology control for graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1730003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiwen Xue ◽  
Irfan H. Abidi ◽  
Zhengtang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Wide Range

Over the past a few years, high-quality graphene preparation has been evolved from low-yield micromechanical exfoliation in including a wide range of production methods, in particular by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here, we review the state-of-the-art on synthesis of graphene using CVD method and the strategies to control the graphene grain size, number of layers and morphology, mainly focusing on the graphene growth that uses Cu as substrate. We highlight the success of the past research in the field and provide a review of the methods that were used for such controlled synthesis.

scholarly journals Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Barbosa ◽  
Ana Joyce Coutinho ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se

The use of marine-origin polysaccharides has increased in recent research because they are abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These features motivate their application in nanotechnology as drug delivery systems; in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, or wound dressing; in biosensors; and even water treatment. Given the physicochemical and bioactive properties of fucoidan and chitosan, a wide range of nanostructures has been developed with these polysaccharides per se and in combination. This review provides an outline of these marine polysaccharides, including their sources, chemical structure, biological properties, and nanomedicine applications; their combination as nanoparticles with descriptions of the most commonly used production methods; and their physicochemical and biological properties applied to the design of nanoparticles to deliver several classes of compounds. A final section gives a brief overview of some biomedical applications of fucoidan and chitosan for tissue engineering and wound healing.

scholarly journals Isolation of emerging Campylobacter species in working farm dogs and their frozen home-killed raw meat diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krunoslav Bojanić ◽  
Anne C. Midwinter ◽  
Jonathan C. Marshall ◽  
Patrick J. Biggs ◽  
Els Acke
Keyword(s):  
Meat Sample ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
Filtration Enrichment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

We applied 7 culture methods to 50 working farm dog fecal samples and 6 methods to 50 frozen home-killed raw meat diet samples to optimize recovery of a wide range of Campylobacter spp. Culture methods combined filtration, enrichment broths, and agars at 37°C and 42°C in conventional and hydrogen-enriched microaerobic atmospheres. Overall, a prevalence of 62% (31 of 50) and 6% (3 of 50) was detected in dog and meat samples, respectively, based on Campylobacter genus PCR. A total of 356 Campylobacter spp. isolates were recovered from dogs, with successful isolation by individual methods ranging from 2 to 25 dogs. The species detected most commonly were C. upsaliensis and C. jejuni, and less commonly C. coli and C. lari. Species isolated that are rarely reported from dogs included C. rectus, C. lari subsp. concheus, C. volucris, and Helicobacter winghamensis. Six isolates from dogs positive by Campylobacter genus PCR were confirmed, using 16S rRNA sequencing, as Arcobacter cryaerophilus (1) and Arcobacter butzleri (5). C. jejuni multi-locus sequence typing results revealed a diversity of sequence types in working dogs, with several uncommonly reported from other C. jejuni sources in New Zealand. Overall, 20 isolates from 3 meat samples were positive by Campylobacter genus PCR; 1 meat sample was positive for C. jejuni, 1 for C. rectus, and 1 isolate was subsequently identified as A. butzleri. The method using Campylobacter enrichment broth in a hydrogen-enriched environment on nonselective agar resulted in significantly reduced recovery of Campylobacter spp. from both sample types.

Response of plants to calcium concentration in solution culture

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Loneragan ◽  
K Snowball ◽  
WJ Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range

Calcium concentrations required in solution for growth of 30 grasses, cereals, legumes, and herbs were defined for a wide range of concentrations which were maintained constant in Bowing culture solutions of pH 5.7. Contrary to published results obtained with standard nutrient culture techniques, some legumes and herbs grew much better at low concentrations of calcium (2.5 and 10µM ) than many Gramineae. The minimal concentration required to produce maximum growth of plants and eliminate calcium deficiency symptoms varied widely (2.5–1000 µM) within each group; it varied over the same range for Gramineae as for legumes and herbs. At 100 µM all plants grew well without symptoms of calcium deficiency. Increasing the concentration to 1000 µM increased growth in only a few species. At concentrations < l µM , severe deficiency symptoms developed on the tops of all species. The growth of legumes and herbs was more quickly and more severely affected than that of Gramineae. The roots of many legumes and herbs also degenerated rapidly. In the same solutions the roots of all Gramineae appeared healthy for some time. However, the advantage of Gramineae in these solutions was transitory, since the high relative growth rate in their early growth stages fell rapidly. It is suggested that distinct processes dominate the plants' behaviour at each range of calcium concentrations. At extremely low concentrations (< l µM ) , to which legumes and herbs are more sensitive than Gramineae, the dominant process may involve ion exchange equilibria between calcium in the environment and in the cell walls or membranes. At higher concentrations (2.5–1000 µM), to which Gramineae are as sensitive as legumes and herbs, processes of absorption of calcium from solution and translocation to plant tops are probably dominant.

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