Fertilization state ofAscaris suumdetermined by electrorotation

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dalton ◽  
A.D. Goater ◽  
H.V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Response Modelling ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractElectrorotation is a non-invasive technique that is capable of detecting changes in the morphology and physicochemical properties of microorganisms. The first detailed electrorotation study of the egg (ovum) of a parasitic nematode, namelyAscaris suumis described to show that electrorotation can rapidly differentiate between fertilized and non-fertilized eggs. Support for this conclusion is by optical microscopy of egg morphology, and also from modelling of the electrorotational response. Modelling was used to determine differences in the dielectric properties of the unfertilized and fertilized eggs, and also to investigate specific differences in the spectra of fertilized eggs only, potentially reflecting embryogenesis. The potential of electrorotation as an investigative tool is shown, as undamaged eggs can be subjected to further non-destructive and destructive techniques, which could provide further insight into parasite biology and epidemiology.

scholarly journals Viability of Giardia intestinalis Cysts and Viability and Sporulation State of Cyclospora cayetanensis Oocysts Determined by Electrorotation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dalton ◽  
A. D. Goater ◽  
R. Pethig ◽  
H. V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Cyclospora Cayetanensis ◽  
Vital Dye ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Electrorotation is a noninvasive technique that is capable of detecting changes in the morphology and physicochemical properties of microorganisms. Electrorotation studies are reported for two intestinal parasites, Giardia intestinalis and Cyclospora cayetanensis. It is concluded that viable and nonviable G. intestinalis cysts can be differentiated by this technique, and support for this conclusion was obtained using a fluorogenic vital dye assay and morphological indicators. The viability of C. cayetanensis oocysts (for which no vital dye assay is currently available) can also be determined by electrorotation, as can their sporulation state. Modeling of the electrorotational response of these organisms was used to determine their dielectric properties and to gain an insight into the changes occurring within them. Electrorotation offers a new, simple, and rapid method for determining the viability of parasites in potable water and food products and as such has important healthcare implications.

Simulation of a Strategy for the Assessment of Damage in Human Bones by Using FEM and Signal Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
Marco Miniaci ◽  
Alessandro Marzani ◽  
Erasmo Viola
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Non Destructive

The aim of this work is to propose a non-invasive technique aimed at assessing the evolution of damage in elongated bones that could be caused, for instance, by metabolic diseases. The technique exploits signals related to mechanical guided waves traveling along the bone to characterize its mechanical properties in a total non-destructive manner. Such properties can be used as an indicator of the damage level present in the bone. The preliminary results motivate future studies

scholarly journals The effects of acute oxygen changes on heart rate in the freshwater crab Poppiana dentata (Randall, 1840)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Delezia Shivani Singh ◽  
Mary Alkins-Koo ◽  
Luke Victor Rostant ◽  
Azad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Insight Into

Heart rate is a key physiological feature that can be used to assess the response of organisms to changing environmental conditions in aquatic habitats, such as acute fluctuations in oxygen levels and hypoxic conditions. This experiment, therefore, investigated cardiac responses in a freshwater brachyuran species, Poppiana dentata, exposed to low oxygen levels. Heart rate was derived from beats per minute (bpm) signals (n = 576) using an infrared, non-invasive technique over a 96 h period, under different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. These involved three regimes: normoxic (6.8 ± 0.1 mg L-1), decreasing DO to hypoxic levels (6.2 to 1.7 mg L-1), and recovery with normoxic levels (6.3 ± 0.1 mg L-1). Changes in heart rates among the three regimes were significant (P < 0.05); reflecting the shift in heart rate during different conditions of oxygen availability, normoxic (59 to 61 bpm), declining DO (54 to 62 bpm) and recovery DO (53 to 64 bpm). Additionally, the normal rhythmicity of heart rates under the normoxic condition was not maintained throughout most of the declining DO and recovery periods. P. dentata has demonstrated cardiac compensations in heart rate during low oxygen levels, providing insight into the species cardiac physiology.

scholarly journals Infrared thermography analysis with a low-cost camera in plaster sculptures of museum collections

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Rui Bordalo ◽  
Salomé Carvalho ◽  
José Guilherme Abreu ◽  
Eduarda Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Active Infrared Thermography ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Suitable Technique

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-destructive and non-invasive technique that provides the possibility to investigate the surface of sculptures for the detection of subsurface features and anomalies such as delamination, layer structure, fillings, and defects. IRT has been widely used in buildings and large structures, as well as in works of art such as bronze sculptures and paintings. This article describes the application of active infrared thermography, using a portable low-cost IRT camera, in the examination of plaster sculptures, a material where it has not yet been applied to. In particular, it was used in two plaster sculptures by 19th-century Portuguese artist Soares dos Reis, within a wider project (GEO-SR) aimed at the study of his work. The results indicate that thermography is a suitable technique with a great potential to detect alterations under the surface of plaster, revealing a new look into its manufacturing and conservation.

scholarly journals Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6675
Author(s):  
Szymon Sieciński ◽  
Paweł S. Kostka ◽  
Ewaryst J. Tkacz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Microelectromechanical System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

Gyrocardiography (GCG) is a non-invasive technique of analyzing cardiac vibrations by a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) gyroscope placed on a chest wall. Although its history is short in comparison with seismocardiography (SCG) and electrocardiography (ECG), GCG becomes a technique which may provide additional insight into the mechanical aspects of the cardiac cycle. In this review, we describe the summary of the history, definition, measurements, waveform description and applications of gyrocardiography. The review was conducted on about 55 works analyzed between November 2016 and September 2020. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the current state of knowledge in gyrocardiography, especially the definition, waveform description, the physiological and physical sources of the signal and its applications. Based on the analyzed works, we present the definition of GCG as a technique for registration and analysis of rotational component of local cardiac vibrations, waveform annotation, several applications of the gyrocardiography, including, heart rate estimation, heart rate variability analysis, hemodynamics analysis, and classification of various cardiac diseases.

USING DOPPLER TO ASSESS THE FETAL HEALTH FOR THE PREDICTION OF GESTATIONAL OUTCOME

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Thi Linh Giang Truong ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Words Doppler

Background: Assessment of fetal health plays the most important role in prenatal care because of influence of the prediction of gestational outcome. One of the main aims of routine antenatal care is to identify the ‘ at risk ‘ fetus in order to apply clinical interventions which could results in reduced perinatal morbidity and mortality. Doppler ultrasound is a non invasive technique whereby the movement of blood is studied by detecting the change in frequence of reflected sound, Doppler blood flow velocity waves form of fetal side (umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery ...) and maternal side ( uterine arteries) are discussed and monograms for routine practice are presented. Recently this method is important tool for qualifying high risk pregnancies and help early forecasts the health of the babies and mothers disorder. Doppler sonography in obstetrics is a widely accepted functional method of examining the prediction of gestational outcome. Key words: Doppler, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Testing of Physical Systems Using Topological Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
María Higuera ◽  
José M. Perales ◽  
María-Luisa Rapún ◽  
José M. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Lamb Waves ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Topological Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Active Infrared Thermography ◽  
Non Destructive

A review of available results on non-destructive testing of physical systems, using the concept of topological sensitivity, is presented. This mathematical tool estimates the sensitivity of a set of measurements in some given sensors, distributed along the system, to defects/flaws that produce a degradation of the system. Such degradation manifests itself on the properties of the system. The good performance of this general purpose post-processing method is reviewed and illustrated in some applications involving non-destructive testing. These applications include structural health monitoring, considering both elastodynamic ultrasonic guided Lamb waves and active infrared thermography. Related methods can also be used in other fields, such as diagnosis/prognosis of engineering devices, which is also considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Photobiology of Photosynthetic Dinoflagellate Endosymbionts in the Nudibranch Berghia stephanieae

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Ruben X. G. Silva ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Ricardo Calado
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Over Time

Berghia stephanieae is a stenophagous sea slug that preys upon glass anemones, such as Exaiptasia diaphana. Glass anemones host photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts that sea slugs ingest when consuming E. diaphana. However, the prevalence of these photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts in sea slugs appears to be short-lived, particularly if B.stephanieae is deprived of prey that host these microalgae (e.g., during bleaching events impacting glass anemones). In the present study, we investigated this scenario, along with food deprivation, and validated the use of a non-invasive and non-destructive approach employing chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy to monitor the persistence of the association between sea slugs and endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates acquired through the consumption of glass anemones. Berghia stephanieae deprived of a trophic source hosting photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts (e.g., through food deprivation or by feeding on bleached E. diaphana) showed a rapid decrease in minimum fluorescence (Fo) and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) when compared to sea slugs fed with symbiotic anemones. A complete loss of endosymbionts was observed within 8 days, confirming that no true symbiotic association was established. The present work opens a new window of opportunity to rapidly monitor in vivo and over time the prevalence of associations between sea slugs and photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts, particularly during bleaching events that prevent sea slugs from incorporating new microalgae through trophic interactions.

scholarly journals The grades and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and weighing sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supakorn Harnsoongnoen ◽  
Nuananong Jaroensuk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Egg Freshness

AbstractThe water displacement and flotation are two of the most accurate and rapid methods for grading and assessing freshness of agricultural products based on density determination. However, these techniques are still not suitable for use in agricultural inspections of products such as eggs that absorb water which can be considered intrusive or destructive and can affect the result of measurements. Here we present a novel proposal for a method of non-destructive, non-invasive, low cost, simple and real—time monitoring of the grading and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and a weighing sensor. This is the first proposal that divides egg freshness into intervals through density measurements. The machine vision system was developed for the measurement of external physical characteristics (length and breadth) of eggs for evaluating their volume. The weighing system was developed for the measurement of the weight of the egg. Egg weight and volume were used to calculate density for grading and egg freshness assessment. The proposed system could measure the weight, volume and density with an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.26% and 99.02%, respectively. The results showed that the weight and freshness of eggs stored at room temperature decreased with storage time. The relationship between density and percentage of freshness was linear for the all sizes of eggs, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, 0.9999, 0.9996, 0.9996 and 0.9994 for classified egg size classified 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This study shows that egg freshness can be determined through density without using water to test for water displacement or egg flotation which has future potential as a measuring system important for the poultry industry.

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