Obesity and weight change related to parity and breast-feeding among parous women in Brazil

AbstractObjective:Studies on the independent role of parity in long-term body weight change in economically developing countries are scarce and inconclusive, and only a few studies have taken into account patterns of breast-feeding. This association was examined in a national cross-sectional survey representative of Brazilian parous women.Design and setting:The survey conducted in 1996 measured women's height and weight in the household and data on weight prior to the first pregnancy, parity and breast-feeding were recalled.Subjects:A sample of 2338 parous women, 15 to 49 years of age, 29 months after last delivery on average, had current body mass index (BMI, in kg m−2) modelled through hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. Explanatory variables included parity, days of predominant breast-feeding, BMI pre-pregnancy, socio-economic, geographic, demographic and other reproductive variables.Results:Prevalences of overweight (BMI=25.0–29.9 kg m−2) and obesity (BMI<=30.0 kg m−2) were 25.2% and 9.3%. The overall mean weight gain per year after the first pregnancy was 0.90 kg for an average time since first pregnancy of eight years. BMI pre-pregnancy modified the association between current BMI and parity. Therefore, weight change attributed to parity calculated for a woman of average height (1.56 m) was 0.60 kg greater for primiparous women with a BMI pre-pregnancy of 30 kg m−2, compared with women with BMI pre-pregnancy of 25 kg m−2. This greater weight retention among obese women was 1.21 kg for women with two children and 1.82 kg for women with three or more children. Parity reduced the effect of weight loss associated with lactation (1.75 kg for six months of lactation among primiparous women and 0.87 kg among women with three or more children). For the sub-sample of 793 primiparous women, a weight decrease of 300 g was associated with each month of predominant breast-feeding for all prior BMI levels.Conclusions:In this study, weight change associated to reproduction was highly dependent on BMI previous to pregnancy and the effects of parity and lactation were small.

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Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents

10.1101/2020.04.26.20080820 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sima Rugarabamu ◽

Mariam Ibrahim ◽

Aisha Byanaku

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Correct Score ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global health and societal emergency that requires the adoption of Unprecedented measures to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic. Residents’ adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the disease, therefore. This study was carried out to investigate KAP towards COVID-19 KAP among residents in Tanzania during the April –May 2020 period of the epidemic.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that involved a sample of online Tanzanian residents who was recruited randomly by sending an invitation asking to answer my survey”. Survey Monkey tool was used to develop a link and KAP questionnaire for data collection. Participants self-selected themselves when they choose to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics of participants, Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID. simple descriptive to complex analyses of multivariate was carried out using SPSS 17.ResultsFour hundred residents completed a survey. The mean age of study participants was 32 years, and majorities were females 216 (54.0%). There were no significant differences in demographic variables (p>0.3). Those who held a bachelor’s degree or above (60.3%) had a more correct score. Overall, (84.4%) of participants had good knowledge which was significantly associated with education level (p=0.001). Nearly all of the participants (96.0%) had confidence that COVID-19 will be eliminated. The majority of the respondents (77%) did not go to a crowded place in recent days. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male gender, age-group of 16-29 years, and education of secondary or lower were significantly associated with lower knowledge score.ConclusionOur findings revealed good knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Suggesting that a community-based health education program about COVID-19 is helpful and necessary to control the disease.

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Challenges Faced by Emergency Physicians in China: An Observation From the Perspective of Burnout

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.766111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shijiao Yan ◽

Xin Shen ◽

Rixing Wang ◽

Zhiqian Luo ◽

Xiaotong Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Workplace Violence ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Health Sector ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Emergency Physicians ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Large Sample

Background: Burnout is considered a global problem, particularly in the emergency health sector; however, no large-sample cross-sectional study has assessed the prevalence of burnout among emergency physicians and its associated factors.Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 15,243 emergency physicians was conducted in 31 provinces across China between July and September 2019. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of burnout.Results: The participants' mean scores were 25.8 (SD = 15.9) on the emotional exhaustion (EE) subscale, 8.1 (SD = 7.9) on the depersonalization (DP) subscale, and 26.80 (SD = 12.5) on the personal accomplishment (PA) subscale, indicating a pattern of moderate EE, moderate DP, and high PA. The results of the large-sample survey found that 14.9% of emergency physicians had a high level of burnout in China, with 46.8% scoring high for EE, 24.1% scoring high for DP, and 60.5% having a high risk of low PA. Having poor self-perceived health status and sleep quality, working in developed regions and governmental hospitals, having an intermediate professional title, experiencing depression, performing shift work and experiencing workplace violence made emergency physicians more likely to experience occupational burnout.Conclusion: Positive measures should be taken to reduce the burnout of emergency physicians and improve their work enthusiasm to maintain the quality of emergency medical services.

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A Survey of Iranian Primiparous Women’s Perceptions of Vaginal Examination During Labor

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/2150132720940517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 215013272094051

Author(s):

Samaneh Dabagh-Fekri ◽

Leila Amiri-Farahani ◽

Leila Amini ◽

Sally Pezaro

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Active Phase ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Women’S Perceptions ◽

The Mean ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Primiparous Women

Objective: To assess perceptions about vaginal examinations (VEs) during labor among women referred to the Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to May 2016. It included 200 primiparous women. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that collected both demographic and obstetric data from participants, as well as data in relation to women’s experiences according to a designated and validated scale, 24 hours after childbirth. Higher scores were indicative of a more positive perception in relation to a participant’s experience of VE. Results: The mean ± SD score for the perception of the VE and number of examinations in the active phase of labor was 62.9 ± 26.2 and 7.4 ± 2.44, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between perceived duration of examination (short, average [B = −1.03], long [B = 3.84]), feeling of comfort with the examiner (B = 2.73), and number of examiners (B = −0.81) with the mean scores of their perceptions ( P < .05). These 3 variables accounted for 8% of the changes in the women’s perceptions score of VE. Conclusion: The majority of participants in this study underwent excessive VEs during labor. If obstetrically safe, a reduction in the number of examinations during labor along with decreased duration based on women’s perceptions could improve women’s perceptions of VE overall. Additionally, should each VE be performed by the same clinician, women’s perceptions in relation to VEs may also improve.

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Evaluation of Community Perception towards Tourism Industry

International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management ◽

10.4018/ijsem.2015100103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 31-53

Author(s):

Yidnekachew Mare ◽

Emmanuel Gebreyohannes ◽

Yohannes Yebabe Tesfay

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Community Perception ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Factors

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the perception of Hawassa community towards the tourism industry using Factor Analysis, Multiple linear regression and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 591 from a target population of 24021 of Hawassa City. The Factor analysis estimation result identified five potential factors that affect the community's perception towards the tourism industry. These potential factors are economic, socio-cultural, environmental, community service and community attitude factors, which explained 77.5 percent of the total variation of the community's perception towards the tourism industry. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that length of residency, number of tourist contacts, number of recreational activities, job creation and tourism policy participation are found significant in explaining the variation in the underlined perceptions of the community towards tourism. Among the demographic characteristics, sub city, sex, educational level, working profession and monthly income of the respondents are found were statistically significant different for the mean scores of the perceptions towards tourism.

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THE EFFECT OF HOOKWORM INFECTION AND URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS ON BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN LIVING IN NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000300007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Verónica Casmo ◽

Gerito Augusto ◽

Rassul Nala ◽

Acácio Sabonete ◽

Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Hookworm Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Average Hemoglobin

This study aims to assess the association between schistosomiasis and hookworm infection with hemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in northern Mozambique. Through a cross-sectional survey, 1,015 children from five to 12 years old in the provinces of Nampula, Cabo Delgado and Niassa were studied. Hookworm infection and urinary schistosomiasis were diagnosed, through Ritchie and filtration methods, with a prevalence of 31.3% and 59.1%, respectively. Hemoglobin levels were obtained with a portable photometer (Hemocue®). The average hemoglobin concentration was 10.8 ± 1.42 g/dL, and 62.1% of the children presented levels below 11.5 g/dL, of which 11.8% of the total number of children had hemoglobin levels below 9 g/dL. A multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated negative interactions between hemoglobin levels and ancylostomiasis, this being restricted to the province of Cabo Delgado (β = -0.55; p < 0.001) where an independent interaction between hemoglobin levels and urinary schistosomiasis was also observed (β = -0.35; p = 0.016). The logistical regression model indicated that hookworm infection represents a predictor of mild (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.17-3.00) and moderate/severe anemia (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.50 - 4.89). We concluded that, in the province of Cabo Delgado, hookworm and Schistosoma haematobium infections negatively influence hemoglobin levels in schoolchildren. Periodical deworming should be considered in the region. Health education and improvements in sanitary infrastructure could achieve long-term and sustainable reductions in soil-transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis prevalence rates.

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Relationship Between Perceived Supervisor Support and Workplace Bullying in School Nurses in Virginia

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/10598405211025771 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105984052110257

Author(s):

Shashi Sharma ◽

Katherine Scafide ◽

Erin D. Maughan ◽

Reeshad S. Dalal

Keyword(s):

Workplace Bullying ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Supervisor Support ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

School Nurses ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Supervisor Support ◽

Virginia School ◽

Survey Responses

Workplace bullying among school nurses is a significant problem with supervisors either contributing to or preventing such behavior. This study aimed to determine if support from nursing and school supervisors is associated with workplace bullying among Virginia school nurses. In this analysis of a cross-sectional survey, responses from 159 school nurses with two supervisors to the Survey of Perceived Supervisor Support and Short-Negative Acts Questionnaire were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Findings demonstrated a significant, inverse relationship between perceived support from both supervisors and workplace bullying, accounting for 27.7% of the variance. No relationship was found between bullying and frequency of supervisor contact. The research suggests quality and not quantity of supervisor support may protect school nurses against workplace bullying.

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Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorder: As an Occupational Hazard in Dentistry

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1317 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 299-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Anne Gopinadh ◽

Kolli Naga Neelima Devi ◽

Sandeep Chiramana ◽

Prakash Manne ◽

Anche Sampath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽

Occupational Hazard ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Student’S T ◽

Dental Professionals

ABSTRACT Objective Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are commonly experienced in dentistry. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ergonomics and MSDs among dental professionals. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 170 dentists of different specialties. The questionnaire gathered information regarding demographic details, MSDs, work duration, working status, awareness of ergonomics, etc. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparison in mean scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the independent variables that significantly influenced the variance in the dependent variable (pain). Results It was found that 73.9% of the participants reported musculoskeletal pain and most common painful sites were neck and back. More than half of the participants, i.e. 232 (59.3%) were aware of correct ergonomic posture regarding dental. Almost percentage of pain increased significantly with increase in age and working time. Among all specialties, prosthodontics were found to have more prevalence of MSDs. Clinical significance The appearance of musculoskeletal symptoms among dental professionals was quite common. It suggested that ergonomics should be covered in the educational system to reduce risks to dental practitioners. How to cite this article Gopinadh A, Devi KNN, Chiramana S, Manne P, Sampath A, Babu MS. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorder: As an Occupational Hazard in Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):299-303.

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Association of Entrepreneurial Traits With Interest in Becoming a Pharmacist Provider Among Student Pharmacists

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190019882874 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089719001988287

Author(s):

Mona Nili ◽

Nazneen Fatima Shaikh ◽

Nilanjana Dwibedi ◽

S. Suresh Madhavan

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: With the emerging opportunities for pharmacists to gain provider status, the need for understanding interest to become a pharmacist provider has never been greater. Objective: To determine which entrepreneurial traits (locus of control, innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, achievement motivation, people liking, problem-solving, and leadership) are associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among second- and third-year student pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (principal components with varimax rotation) was used to determine any underlying dimensions. Significant differences in interest in becoming a pharmacist provider by demographic and other characteristics were determined using t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA; P ≤ .05). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. Results: A total of 137 completed questionnaires were received. Gender ( P = .003) and preference of workplace ( P < .001) were significantly associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. All factor loadings were more than 0.50 and Cronbach alpha values were more than .68. In the multiple linear regression analysis model, proactiveness ( P = .036) and achievement motivation ( P = .018) were positive predictors of interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. Females ( P = .006) and individuals who preferred to work in a hospital ( P < .001) or in specialty care ( P = .007) had a significantly greater interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. Conclusions: Proactiveness and achievement motivation can be predictors of interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.

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Patriarchal beliefs and perceptions towards women among Indian police officers: A study of Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Police Science & Management ◽

10.1177/1461355720905612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 232-241

Author(s):

Saumya Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Police Officers ◽

Work Experience ◽

Family System ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Based

The objective of this study was to explore the association between patriarchal beliefs and perceptions regarding gender equity among Indian police officers. Using convenience and systematic random sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 190 police officers from Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The survey collected information about patriarchal beliefs, perception regarding gender equity, as well as social demographic characteristics including age, education, gender, work experience, working shifts/hours, place of residence and family system. Multiple linear regressions were used to predict patriarchal beliefs, utilizing the independent variable of perceptions regarding gender equity. Police officials held a high degree of patriarchal belief and inequitable perceptions regarding the gender roles of women. Multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for key sociodemographic variables, demonstrated a statistically significant association between the police officers’ patriarchal beliefs and their perceptions of gender equity. These findings emphasize the need for greater representation of female police officers and gender-inclusive training for all police officers in providing services to women. Gender-sensitive interventions may help facilitate positive change for police officers that hold strong patriarchal perceptions towards women and who may make it more difficult for women to successfully submit gender-based complaints.

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Hope level and associated factors among parents of retinoblastoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03401-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Changjuan Zeng ◽

Wenting Cao ◽

Ting Zhao ◽

Li Li ◽

Lili Hou

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Background The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency. So far, only a limited number of studies have investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic on the mental health of parents having children with cancer. This study investigated the hope, and relevant influencing factors (depression, anxiety, demographic data) among parents whose children had retinoblastoma (RB) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey and a convenient sampling survey were conducted on 317 parents of RB children admitted to the Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, and Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University. The survey tools included Demographic Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index (HHI), The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ)-2. Results The hope level score of the parents of RB patients was (35.36 ± 4.42), which was at the medium level. The highest dimension of hope score was inner positive readiness and expectancy (12.07 ± 1.57), and the lowest dimension was interconnectedness with self and others (11.50 ± 1.64). The incidence rate of depression and anxiety was 29.97% (95/317) and 41.32% (131/317), respectively. Monoculus or binoculus disease, sleep status, health status, and depression /anxiety had statistically significant effects on the parental hope level (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that time since diagnosis, education level, treatment type and depression were independent influencing factors (p < 0.05), accounting for 22.60% of the variation in hope level. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff should formulate targeted intervention measures according to different characteristics of ocular disease, time since diagnosis, treatment type, parental educational level and emotional state in order to improve the level of parental hope.

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