Flower bud dormancy inCoffea arabicaL. II. Relation of cytokinins in xylem sap and flower buds to dormancy-release

Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors have versatile functions in plant growth, development and response to environmental stress. Despite blueberry’s value as an important fruit crop, the TCP gene family has not been systematically studied in this plant. The current study identified blueberry TCP genes (VcTCPs) using genomic data from the tetraploid blueberry variety ‘Draper’; a total of 62 genes were obtained. Using multiple sequence alignment, conserved motif, and gene structure analyses, family members were divided into two subfamilies, of which class II was further divided into two subclasses, CIN and TB1. Synteny analysis showed that genome-wide or segment-based replication played an important role in the expansion of the blueberry TCP gene family. The expression patterns of VcTCP genes during fruit development, flower bud dormancy release, hormone treatment, and tissue-specific expression were analyzed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The results showed that the TB1 subclass members exhibited a certain level of expression in the shoot, leaf, and bud; these genes were not expressed during fruit development, but transcript levels decreased uniformly during the release of flower bud dormancy by low-temperature accumulation. The further transgenic experiments showed the overexpression of VcTCP18 in Arabidopsis significantly decreased the seed germination rate in contrast to the wild type. The bud dormancy phenomena as late-flowering, fewer rosettes and main branches were also observed in transgenic plants. Overall, this study provides the first insight into the evolution, expression, and function of VcTCP genes, including the discovery that VcTCP18 negatively regulated bud dormancy release in blueberry. The results will deepen our understanding of the function of TCPs in plant growth and development.

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Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.500 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 500-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Edward F. Durner ◽

Thomas J. Gianfagna

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Storage Period ◽

Bud Dormancy ◽

Late Winter ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Ethephon Treatment ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Peach Trees ◽

Heat Requirement

The heat requirement for flower bud growth of container-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. Redhaven and Springold] in the greenhouse varied inversely and linearly with the length of the cold-storage period (SC) provided to break bud dormancy. Ethephon reduced the rest-breaking effectiveness of the 5C treatment. Buds from ethephon-treated trees grew more slowly than buds from untreated trees upon exposure to 20 to 25C, resulting in later bloom dates. The effect of ethephon on flower bud hardiness in field-grown trees of `Jerseydawn' and `Jerseyglo' was studied using exotherm analysis after deacclimation treatments. Bud deacclimation varied with reacclimating temperature (7 or 21 C), cultivar, ethephon treatment, and sampling date. All buds were more susceptible to injury in March than in January or February. Buds reacclimated more rapidly at 21C than at 7C. `Jerseyglo' reacclimated more rapidly than `Jerseydawn'. Untreated buds were less hardy and also reacclimated more rapidly than treated buds. Ethephon enhanced flower bud hardiness in three distinct ways: 1) it decreased the mean low-temperature exotherm of pistils, 2) it increased the number of buds that supercooled after exposure to reacclimating temperatures, and 3) it decreased the rate of deacclimation, especially at 21C. Ethephon prolongs flower bud dormancy by increasing the chilling requirement. The rate at which flower buds become increasingly sensitive to moderate temperatures in late winter and spring is thus reduced by ethephon. Thus, ethephon delays deacclimation during winter and delays bloom in the spring. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

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Comparative proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to address the active role of GA4 in Japanese apricot flower bud dormancy release

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/ert284 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (16) ◽

pp. 4953-4966 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Weibing Zhuang ◽

Zhihong Gao ◽

Liangju Wang ◽

Wenjun Zhong ◽

Zhaojun Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Role ◽

Bud Dormancy ◽

Dormancy Release ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Japanese Apricot ◽

Bud Dormancy Release

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Jojoba flower buds: effects of preconditioning temperature.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9820649 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RL Dunstone

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Female Flower ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Bud Dormancy ◽

Simmondsia Chinensis ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Lower Treatment ◽

Pretreatment Temperature

The environmental factors which control the reproductive cycle of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis [Link] Schneider), were studied under controlled conditions. Plants were placed under a warm pretreatment temperature which resulted in the growth of new shoots bearing dormant flower buds. The plants were later moved to lower treatment temperatures which have been shown to break flower bud dormancy. Pretreatment temperature affected the percentage of nodes which produced flower buds. Both the pretreatment and the treatment temperature affected flowering percentage, there being an optimum pretreatment effect at 30/25�C day/night temperatures. Flowering percentage responded to absolute treatment temperature rather than to the drop in temperature from pretreatment to treatment. Flowering percentage increased with decrease in treatment temperature down to 15/10�C (male clone) and 12/7�C (female clone). The lowest pretreatment-treatment temperature combination was associated with the production of female flower parts on the male inflorescences.

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Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.447d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 447d-447

Author(s):

Meriam Karlsson ◽

Jeffrey Werner

Keyword(s):

Day Length ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Cyclamen Persicum ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Leaf Unfolding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

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Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3932

Author(s):

Jing Cao ◽

Qijiang Jin ◽

Jiaying Kuang ◽

Yanjie Wang ◽

Yingchun Xu

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Maximal Response ◽

Protein Kinase Activity ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Aba Content ◽

Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

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Identification of potential post‐ethylene events in the signaling cascade induced by stimuli of bud dormancy release in grapevine

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.14997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 1251-1268

Author(s):

Zhaowan Shi ◽

Tamar Halaly‐Basha ◽

Chuanlin Zheng ◽

Michal Sharabi‐Schwager ◽

Chen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bud Dormancy ◽

Signaling Cascade ◽

Dormancy Release ◽

Bud Dormancy Release

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SEVERAL SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND RHIZOME DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps66-022 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Walter J. Kender ◽

Franklin P. Eggert

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Effective Means ◽

Soil Management ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Rhizome Growth ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Rhizome Development

A field experiment using various soil management practices showed that the most effective means to increase blueberry plant spread was through the use of a surface mulch. Peat and sawdust were of equal suitability as a mulching material influencing vegetative growth, although sawdust did result in a reduction in the number of flower buds produced when compared with peat. Mulching was associated with a higher soil moisture content than non-mulched plots.Blueberry plants growing in nitrogen-treated plots had an increased flower bud number and rhizome growth in contrast with those growing in unfertilized plots. Nitrogen fertilization was of particular benefit when applied in association with surface organic mulches.Plants growing in an undisturbed soil were more vigorous than in a homogenized or tilled soil. Sawdust was found to be detrimental to the growth of lowbush blueberry plants when incorporated into a homogenized soil.

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