Flower Bud Dormancy inCoffea ArabicaL. I. Studies of Gibberellin in Flower Buds and Xylem Sap and of Abscisic Acid in Flower Buds in Relation to Dormancy Release

1973 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud

scholarly journals Analysis of Evolution, Expression and Genetic Transformation of TCP Transcription Factors in Blueberry Reveal That VcTCP18 Negatively Regulates the Release of Flower Bud Dormancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Li ◽  
Shuang An ◽  
Qiangqiang Cheng ◽  
Yu Zong ◽  
Wenrong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Dormancy Release

Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors have versatile functions in plant growth, development and response to environmental stress. Despite blueberry’s value as an important fruit crop, the TCP gene family has not been systematically studied in this plant. The current study identified blueberry TCP genes (VcTCPs) using genomic data from the tetraploid blueberry variety ‘Draper’; a total of 62 genes were obtained. Using multiple sequence alignment, conserved motif, and gene structure analyses, family members were divided into two subfamilies, of which class II was further divided into two subclasses, CIN and TB1. Synteny analysis showed that genome-wide or segment-based replication played an important role in the expansion of the blueberry TCP gene family. The expression patterns of VcTCP genes during fruit development, flower bud dormancy release, hormone treatment, and tissue-specific expression were analyzed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The results showed that the TB1 subclass members exhibited a certain level of expression in the shoot, leaf, and bud; these genes were not expressed during fruit development, but transcript levels decreased uniformly during the release of flower bud dormancy by low-temperature accumulation. The further transgenic experiments showed the overexpression of VcTCP18 in Arabidopsis significantly decreased the seed germination rate in contrast to the wild type. The bud dormancy phenomena as late-flowering, fewer rosettes and main branches were also observed in transgenic plants. Overall, this study provides the first insight into the evolution, expression, and function of VcTCP genes, including the discovery that VcTCP18 negatively regulated bud dormancy release in blueberry. The results will deepen our understanding of the function of TCPs in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Durner ◽  
Thomas J. Gianfagna
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Heat Requirement

The heat requirement for flower bud growth of container-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. Redhaven and Springold] in the greenhouse varied inversely and linearly with the length of the cold-storage period (SC) provided to break bud dormancy. Ethephon reduced the rest-breaking effectiveness of the 5C treatment. Buds from ethephon-treated trees grew more slowly than buds from untreated trees upon exposure to 20 to 25C, resulting in later bloom dates. The effect of ethephon on flower bud hardiness in field-grown trees of `Jerseydawn' and `Jerseyglo' was studied using exotherm analysis after deacclimation treatments. Bud deacclimation varied with reacclimating temperature (7 or 21 C), cultivar, ethephon treatment, and sampling date. All buds were more susceptible to injury in March than in January or February. Buds reacclimated more rapidly at 21C than at 7C. `Jerseyglo' reacclimated more rapidly than `Jerseydawn'. Untreated buds were less hardy and also reacclimated more rapidly than treated buds. Ethephon enhanced flower bud hardiness in three distinct ways: 1) it decreased the mean low-temperature exotherm of pistils, 2) it increased the number of buds that supercooled after exposure to reacclimating temperatures, and 3) it decreased the rate of deacclimation, especially at 21C. Ethephon prolongs flower bud dormancy by increasing the chilling requirement. The rate at which flower buds become increasingly sensitive to moderate temperatures in late winter and spring is thus reduced by ethephon. Thus, ethephon delays deacclimation during winter and delays bloom in the spring. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Comparative proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to address the active role of GA4 in Japanese apricot flower bud dormancy release

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. 4953-4966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibing Zhuang ◽  
Zhihong Gao ◽  
Liangju Wang ◽  
Wenjun Zhong ◽  
Zhaojun Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Japanese Apricot ◽  
Bud Dormancy Release

scholarly journals Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates grape bud dormancy, and dormancy release stimuli may act through modification of ABA metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1527-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanlin Zheng ◽  
Tamar Halaly ◽  
Atiako Kwame Acheampong ◽  
Yumiko Takebayashi ◽  
Yusuke Jikumaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Jojoba flower buds: effects of preconditioning temperature.

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Dunstone
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature

The environmental factors which control the reproductive cycle of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis [Link] Schneider), were studied under controlled conditions. Plants were placed under a warm pretreatment temperature which resulted in the growth of new shoots bearing dormant flower buds. The plants were later moved to lower treatment temperatures which have been shown to break flower bud dormancy. Pretreatment temperature affected the percentage of nodes which produced flower buds. Both the pretreatment and the treatment temperature affected flowering percentage, there being an optimum pretreatment effect at 30/25�C day/night temperatures. Flowering percentage responded to absolute treatment temperature rather than to the drop in temperature from pretreatment to treatment. Flowering percentage increased with decrease in treatment temperature down to 15/10�C (male clone) and 12/7�C (female clone). The lowest pretreatment-treatment temperature combination was associated with the production of female flower parts on the male inflorescences.

Dehardening in flower buds of saskatoon-berry, Amelanchier alnifolia, in relation to temperature, moisture content, and spring bud development

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olavi Junttila ◽  
Cecil Stushnoff ◽  
Lawrence V. Gusta
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Water Treatments

Flower-bud dehardening of saskatoon-berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. ‘Smoky’ and ‘Pembina’) was studied under natural and controlled conditions. Flower buds were hardy to −45 °C until the middle of March, after which hardiness gradually declined to −12 °C by the beginning of May. Petal expansion was associated with a loss of hardiness, even though bud moisture content decreased slightly. Hardiness of unopened flower buds was closely correlated with bud moisture content (r = 0.94) and under outdoor conditions there was a significant positive correlation between cumulative degree days (base 0 °C) and bud moisture content. Imbibition in gibberellic acid (GA3) increased water uptake and reduced hardiness of excised flower buds compared with imbibition in water. Treatments with abscisic acid and salicylic acid had no significant effect on hardening. Budbreak, in the postrest period, required only 73 degree day (base 2 °C) heat units. Low-temperature exotherms were not detected in intact flower buds but were present in hardy excised florets.

scholarly journals (106) Delay of Flower Bud Phenology of Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberries With Soybean Oil and Abscisic Acid

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039A-1039
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Jim R. Ballington ◽  
John C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Bloom Date

`Legacy' southern highbush blueberry plants at the Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center were sprayed on 22 Feb. 2005 with 0%, 6%, 9%, or 12% soybean oil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with five replications. Flower bud abortion was evaluated by sampling 25 flower buds/plant on 21 Mar., dissecting, and visually examining buds for browning of ovaries. Flower bud phonology was rated periodically until first bloom and then percentage of open bloom was rated every 2 to 3 days. Fruit were harvested for yield and 50-berry samples taken weekly for the first 4 weeks to determine berry size. Sprays of 6%, 9%, and 12% soybean oil delayed the 50% open bloom date of `Legacy' by 2, 4, and 9 days, respectively, but also caused 9%, 35% and 87% mortality of flower buds. `Legacy' bushes sprayed with 0%, 6%, 9% and 12% soybean yielded 11.6, 13.7, and 10.3, and 4.5 lb/bush, respectively. Berry size was increased by 14% to 23% by oil sprays. In a second experiment, `Climax' blueberries in a commercial planting in Spring City, Tenn., were sprayed on 4 Mar. with water, 5% TNsoy14 (96% soybean oil, a.i.), 500 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) (Valent BioSciences Corp., Long Grove, Ill.), or the combination of oil and ABA (seven replications). Flower bud development and bloom were rated as previously described. Spraying 5% TNsoy14 or 500 ppm ABA delayed the 50% open bloom date by 1 day and the combination of the two delayed bloom by an additional day. On 5 Apr., `Climax' bushes sprayed with 5% TNsoy14, 500 ppm ABA, and 5% TNsoy14 plus 500 ppm ABA had 49%, 41%, and 20% open bloom compared to 70% open bloom on control plants. The 5% oil, 500 ppm ABA, and the oil plus ABA treatments did not significantly affect crop load or berry size.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document