Flower initiation, fruit production and vegetative development in non-induced strawberry plants exposed to outdoor conditions in Scotland

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Wahdan ◽  
P. D. Waister
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Vegetative Development

scholarly journals Pollen Donor Position and Climate Factor Affecting Fruit Production of Nutmeg

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi Purwiyanti ◽  
NFN Sudarsono ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro Kusumo ◽  
Otih Rostiana
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Climate Factor ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Distance Position

<em>The quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production.  Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield.  The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x.  Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level.  Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25<sup>o </sup>C)   during  the  pollination  period  (8-7  months  before  harvesting)  were <em>positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production.  However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield.  Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production.</em></em>

scholarly journals Phenology and potential reproduction of turi (Sesbania grandiflora) at Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dida Syamsuwida ◽  
Aam aminah
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
A Value ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
June July

Abstract. Syamsuwida D, Aminah A. 2020. Phenology and potential reproduction of turi (Sesbania grandiflora) at Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 13-20. Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.) is one of a prospectus energy woody species to be developed in establishing renewable energy base forest plantation. The development of this species cannot be separated from the basic information of its reproductive biology. The study was aimed to evaluate flowering phenology and reproductive potency of S. grandiflora so that information could be elaborated to estimate the fruit production potential produced. The research method was carried out by direct observation of samples of flowering trees. Data were analyzed descriptively. The number of tree samples observed for flower and fruit development and reproductive success of 10 trees, from each tree were observed three flowering branches distinguished from the west and east branches. The results showed that S. grandiflora did not experience generative bud dormancy so that flower initiation was thought to occur throughout the year and could flower and bear fruit throughout the year. S. grandiflora at the observation location has a flowering-fruiting development cycle of about 3-4 months which begins with the emergence of generative bud at the time of the observation in April and developed into flower shoot in the same month. Blooming flower (anthesis) in May, develop into young fruit in June. Mature fruits can be harvested in June-July. The reproductive potency of S. grandiflora was low with a value of fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) at the eastern and western branches were 19% ± 0.07 and 17%±0.06 and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) of 87% ± 0.12 and 83% ± 0.16, respectively. Reproductive success was 18% ± 0.07 for the eastern branches and 17% ± 0.05 for the western branches. Most reproductive variables of S. grandiflora did not show a significant difference between the eastern and western branches (P>0.05), except for fruit number (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Growing Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) in Cut-over Peatlands

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-499
Author(s):  
Julie Bussières ◽  
Stéphanie Boudreau ◽  
Guillaume Clément–Mathieu ◽  
Blanche Dansereau ◽  
Line Rochefort
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Positive Effect

This project was established to evaluate the feasibility of black chokeberry [Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.] culture on Canadian cut-over peatlands and to define its appropriate production practices. We tested the effects of different fertilizer rates, application methods, and mulches on the vegetative development and berry production of seedlings over a 6-year period (2000 to 2006). Fertilization was essential for survival of the plants. A low fertilizer rate (131 g/plant of 1.7N–4.1P–12K) ensured adequate vegetative development for good establishment. Applying such a rate for 2 consecutive years proved to be more beneficial than a single dose of fertilizer for increasing plant height, crown width, and height growth. However, fruit yield was best when fertilized with the highest dose tested (550 g/plant of 3.4N–8.3P–24.2K). Black plastic mulch had a positive effect on height, width, and growth of the plants. More weeds were observed when the fertilizer was applied to the surface as compared with soil incorporation. However, this study revealed that black chokeberry is tolerant of weeds. Based on these results, black chokeberry is a promising plant for the management of cut-over peatlands for both vegetative growth and fruit production.

scholarly journals Tetraploid Induction by Colchicine Treatment and Crossing with a Diploid Reveals Less-Seeded Fruit Production in Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Jahidul Hassan ◽  
Ikuo Miyajima ◽  
Yukio Ozaki ◽  
Yuki Mizunoe ◽  
Kaori Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Trichosanthes Dioica ◽  
Pointed Gourd ◽  
Mature Seeds

Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) (2n = 2x = 22) is a dioecious cucurbit vegetable and green fruit that is edible after cooking. Consumers prefer to consume seedless or less-seeded fruit because seeds are unpalatable due to their hard coats. Therefore, the cross compatibility between the diploid and induced tetraploid will be helpful for seedless or less-seeded fruit production. Thus, the present study was conducted using mature seeds that were immersed in 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5% colchicine for 24, 48, and 72 h to induce tetraploids. These tetraploids were used as parents (male or female) in the inter-ploidy and intra-ploidy crosses. A flow cytometric analysis confirmed the induction of three tetraploids at 0.5% colchicine for 48 and 72 h soaking periods. Among these, two (2) females and one (1) male were differentiated after flower initiation. Crossing between the tetraploid’s maternal and diploid paternal parent (4x × 2x), which were revealed to be compatible, resulted in a similar fruit set rate and shape as those of the diploid. In addition, a seed number of 4x × 2x produced fruits that were drastically reduced to 1.8 seeds per fruit, whereas the natural diploid fruits had 26.4 seeds per fruit. These findings suggest that colchicine-induced tetraploid females are important genetic resources for less-seeded fruit production. The genetic stability of tetraploid clones can easily and effectively be maintained by vine cutting for advanced uses.

scholarly journals Vegetative development of Turiaçu pineapple under two ecological conditions in Maranhão, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Moura Ramos ◽  
Fabrício de Oliveira Reis ◽  
José Ribamar Gusmão Araujo ◽  
Isaias dos Santos Reis ◽  
Rawlisson Silva Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu are important for the fruit production sector in the state of Maranhão (MA), Brazil, because of their fruit quality and local social and economic value. The objective of the present work was to evaluate characteristics of pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu at vegetative and propagative stages in two places, using two fertilization sources. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Turiaçu and São Luís, MA, using mineral and organic fertilizations. The plants were evaluated for number of leaves and leaf dry weight; stem diameter, length, and dry weight; width, length, and fresh and dry weights of the D leaf; and number of suckers (plantlets). Plants grown in Turiaçu under mineral fertilization had higher number of leaves (up to 162.5% higher) and higher number of suckers (up to 233.3% higher) than those grown in São Luís under organic fertilization. The results of the study indicate that the more favorable climate conditions in the municipality of Turiaçu were decisive for the success of the cultivar, and the organic fertilizer used was not adequate.

scholarly journals EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE MARACUJÁ-AMARELO EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽  
Ramon Amaro de Sales ◽  
Franciele Pereira Rossini ◽  
Yago Tonini da Vitória ◽  
Sávio Da Silva Berilli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit ◽  
Coffee Roasting

EMERGÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE MARACUJÁ-AMARELO EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS   LAÍS GERTRUDES FONTANA SILVA1; RAMON AMARO DE SALES2; FRANCIELE PEREIRA ROSSINI3; YAGO TONINI DA VITÓRIA1 E SÁVIO DA SILVA BERILLI1   1Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo – Campus Itapina, BR 259, KM 70, Colatina-ES, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570 900, Viçosa - MG, Brasil, [email protected] 3Departamento de Cultura de Tecidos, UFES – campus São Mateus, Rodovia Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, 29932-540, São Mateus - ES, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: O Brasil domina a produção do maracujazeiro-amarelo, abastecendo o mercado nacional e internacional com a sua fruta e polpa. Dentro da cadeia produtiva do maracujá, na etapa de produção de mudas, um fator importante que deve ser levado em consideração é o uso da matéria orgânica na composição dos substratos, devido as diversas características benéficas que o mesmo condiciona as mudas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar a emergência e o desenvolvimento de mudas de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa cultivadas em substratos com diferentes fontes de matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com seis repetições e seis tratamentos, contendo cinco fontes de matéria orgânica para a composição do substrato: lodo de curtume, resíduo de torrefação de café, esterco bovino curtido, resíduo de laticínio e composto urbano, além dos tratamentos sem uso de matéria orgânica (solo com e sem adubação). Foram avaliadas características de emergência e desenvolvimento das mudas, observando-se que houve maior índice de velocidade de emergência no tratamento com resíduo de torrefação de café, além de que todos os tratamentos com fontes orgânicas apresentaram respostas satisfatórias favorecendo o desenvolvimento vegetativo do maracujá-amarelo sendo recomendadas para a produção de mudas.   Palavras-chaves: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Resíduos orgânicos, Sustentabilidade   YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PLANTLETS EMERGENCY AND DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES   ABSTRACT: Brazil dominates yellow passion fruit production, supplying national and international market. In the stage of seedling production  an important factor that must be taken into account is the use of organic matter in substrates composition, due to several beneficial characteristics it brings to plantlest development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the emergence and development of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa grown on different substrates with organic matter sources. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized block design, with six treatments and (tannery sludge, coffee roasting residue, tanned bovine manure, dairy and urban compost and the control - soil with and without fertilization) six replicates,. It was evaluated the emergence and emergence characteristics of the seedlings. The results showed that there was a higher rate of emergence speed in the treatment with coffee roasting residue, besides that all treatments with organic sources presented satisfactory responses favored the yellow passion fruit vegetative development being recommended for plantlets production.   Keywords: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Organic waste, Sustainability

scholarly journals VIABILITY OF THE USE OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY WITH CUPUASSU TREE IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM (AFS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Moysés Alves ◽  
Saulo Fabrício da Silva Chaves ◽  
Abel Jamir Ribeiro Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Productive Phase

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to study the behavior of cupuassu trees intercropped with African mahogany in order to define the viability of using these species in AFS and to evaluate the performance of African mahogany itself, aiming its application in reforestation projects. Both species were tested in the municipality of Tomé Açu - PA, between 2005 and 2016. In addition to these two species, banana and black pepper were also part of the AFS initially. Four levels of influence of mahogany on cupuassu trees were evaluated, defined by the proximity between plants. The vegetative development of both species was measured, as well as the production of eight harvests and the mortality rate of the cupuassu trees. The results showed that the competition exerted by African mahogany did not affect the vegetative development of cupuassu trees. In the productive phase, up to the fourth harvest, the competition was not harmful as it didn’t reduce production. However, from the fifth harvest on, cupuassu trees closest to African mahogany trees showed a significant reduction in fruit production and, from the sixth harvest on, all plants were affected, regardless of proximity. On the other hand, consistent vegetative development of African mahogany was observed, which allows its use in silvicultural projects in this region. We concluded that African mahogany had a negative influence on cupuassu trees. Further studies are needed to assess whether the development of African mahogany economically compensates for the decline in cupuassu production.

scholarly journals Effect of Fruiting and Biennial Bearing Potential on Spur Quality and Leaf Gas Exchange in Apple

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mokhles A. Elsysy ◽  
Michael V. Mickelbart ◽  
Peter M. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

Uniform annual apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit production is highly dependent on consistent flower formation from year to year, as inconsistent flowering can lead to the biennial bearing observed in some high-value cultivars. The presence of fruit on a spur has been considered the main cause of the expression of biennial bearing and the inhibition of flower initiation, with a number of theories being introduced to explain the phenomenon. In the current experiment, individual spurs of annual bearing cultivars (Gala, Ruby Jon, and Pink Lady) and biennial bearing cultivars (Honeycrisp, Fuji, and Golden Delicious) were thinned to a single fruit or completely defruited at petal fall. Spurs were sampled at the end of the growing season. Effects of fruiting on spur characteristics such as spur and bourse leaf area, stomatal density, leaf gas exchange, and flower formation were determined. Across all cultivars, the presence of fruit on a spur did not affect spur characteristics or flower formation compared with nonfruiting spurs. Similarly, flowering was unaffected by those factors associated with greater spur carbohydrate status, such as bourse leaf area and assimilation rate. Cultivars with greater transpiration and stomatal conductance (gs) rates had lower rates of flower formation. Future studies should focus on xylem flow and expression of genes regulating flowering and plant growth regulators in annual and biennial bearing cultivars.

Klasifikasi Tahap Kematangan Pisang Ambon Berdasarkan Warna Menggunakan Naive Bayes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Yulianto ◽  
Retno Nugroho Whidhiasih ◽  
Maimunah Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Classification Image ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT   Banana fruit is a commodity that contributes a great value to both national and international fruit production achievement. The government through the National Standardization Agency establishes standards to maintain the quality of bananas. The purpose of this Project is to classify the stages of maturity of Ambon banana base on the color index using Naïve Bayes method in accordance with the regulations of SNI 7422:2009. Naive Bayes is used as a method in the classification process by comparing the probability values generated from the variable value of each model to determine the stage of Ambon banana maturity. The data used is the primary data image of 105 pieces of Ambon banana. By using 3 models which consists of different variables obtained the same greatest average accuracy by using the 2nd model which has 9 variable values (r, g, b, v, * a, * b, entropy, energy, and homogeneity) and the 3rd model has 7 variable values (r, g, b, v , * a, entropy and homogeneity) that is 90.48%.   Keywords: banana maturity, classification, image processing     ABSTRAK   Buah pisang merupakan komoditas yang memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap angka produksi buah nasional maupun internasional. Pemerintah melalui Badan Standarisasi Nasional menetapkan standar untuk buah pisang, menjaga mutu  buah pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi tahapan kematangan dari buah pisang ambon berdasarkan indeks warna menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes  sesuai dengan SNI 7422:2009. Naive bayes digunakan sebagai metode dalam proses pengklasifikasian dengan cara membandingkan nilai probabilitas yang dihasilkan dari nilai variabel penduga setiap model untuk menentukan tahap kematangan pisang ambon. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer citra pisang ambon sebanyak 105. Dengan menggunakan 3 buah model yang terdiri dari variabel penduga yang berbeda didapatkan akurasi rata-rata terbesar yang sama yaitu dengan menggunakan model ke-2 yang mempunyai 9 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, *b, entropi, energi, dan homogenitas) dan model ke-3 yang mempunyai 7 nilai variabel (r, g, b, v, *a, entropi dan homogenitas) yaitu sebesar 90.48%.   Kata Kunci : kematangan pisang,  klasifikasi, pengolahan citra

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