Protein expression in dairy cows with and without subclinical hypocalcaemia

The present study investigated the role of IGF1 in lactating lean and non-lactating obese dairy cows by injecting 1 μg IGF1 into the ovaries prior to superovulation. This amount of IGF1 has been linked with pregnancy loss in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and was associated with impaired bovine oocyte competence in vitro. Transcript abundance and protein expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and the IGF system were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of IGF1 and leptin, and IGF1 in uterine luminal fluid (ULF), were also measured. IGF1 treatment decreased embryo viability in lean cows to the levels observed in obese cows. Obese cows were not affected by IGF1 treatment and showed elevated levels of IGF1 (in both plasma and ULF) and leptin. Blastocysts from lean cows treated with IGF1 showed a higher abundance of SLC2A1 and IGFBP3 transcripts. IGF1 treatment reduced protein expression of tumor protein 53 in blastocysts of lean cows, whereas the opposite was observed in obese cows. IGF1 in plasma and ULF was correlated only in the control groups. Blastocyst transcript abundance of IGF1 receptor and IGFBP3 correlated positively with IGF1 concentrations in both plasma and ULF in lean cows. The detrimental microenvironment created by IGF1 injection in lean cows and the lack of effect in obese cows resemble to a certain extent the situation observed in PCOS patients, where IGF1 bioavailability is increased in normal-weight women but reduced in obese women, suggesting that this bovine model could be useful for studying IGF1 involvement in PCOS.

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Identification of novel pathways in pathogenesis of ketosis in dairy cows via iTRAQ/MS

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.1515/jvetres-2016-0047 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shi Shu ◽

Chuchu Xu ◽

Cheng Xia ◽

Xinhuan Xiao ◽

Gang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

The Novel ◽

Absolute Quantitation ◽

Subclinical Ketosis ◽

Isobaric Tag ◽

Production Increase ◽

Protein Expression Profiles ◽

New Evidence

AbstractIntroduction: To identify novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ketosis, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation/mass spectrometry was used to define differences in protein expression profiles between healthy dairy cows and those with clinical or subclinical ketosis.Material and Methods: To define the novel pathways of ketosis in cattle, the differences in protein expression were analysed by bioinformatics. Go Ontology and Pathway analysis were carried out for enrich the role and pathway of the different expression proteins between healthy dairy cows and those with clinical or subclinical ketosis.Results: Differences were identified in 19 proteins, 16 of which were relatively up-regulated while the remaining 3 were relatively down-regulated. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) were up-regulated in cattle with ketosis. SORD and G3PD promoted glycolysis. These mechanisms lead to pyruvic acid production increase and ketone body accumulation.Conclusion: The novel pathways of glycolysis provided new evidence for the research of ketosis.

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Changes of macrominerals and calcitropic hormones in serum of periparturient dairy cows subject to subclinical hypocalcaemia

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029918000031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chuanjiang Cai ◽

Yezi Kong ◽

Dianjun Wu ◽

Jianguo Wang

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Serum Calcitonin ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Calcitropic Hormones ◽

Peripartum Period ◽

Subclinical Hypocalcaemia

The aims of the study reported in the Research Communication were to evaluate changes of macrominerals and major calcitropic hormone concentrations in 51 healthy dairy cows over the peripartum period, and to compare those cows with 51 cows subject to subclinical hypocalcaemia (SCH) on calving day. The results showed that serum calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations were lowest in the healthy periparturient dairy cows at parturition, while sodium (Na) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were highest. Serum magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were highest 1 wk prepartum, however, the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] was highest 1 wk postpartum. The dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia (SCH) had significantly lower serum levels of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cl, 1,25(OH)2D3 and glucose and had significantly higher levels of serum P, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) than their healthy counterparts on calving day. However, the serum calcitonin and PTH concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. These data demonstrated that the concentrations of macrominerals and major calcium regulating hormones of cows change dramatically over the peripartum period. Furthermore, SCH was associated with a risk of the development of ketosis and fatty liver.

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Effects of body condition and diet in late gestation on the subsequent health and performance of dairy cows

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05198 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. R. Stockdale

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Grazed Pasture ◽

Milk Fever ◽

And Performance ◽

Cow Health ◽

Subclinical Hypocalcaemia

The objective of the experiment reported here was to compare the effects of a total mixed ration (TMR) with a pasture hay diet on the healthy transition from late gestation to early lactation of dairy cows with different body condition scores [BCS; 4.2 (thin) and 5.8 (fat) units on an 8-point scale]. It was hypothesised that providing the dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD) of the two diets were similar, more clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia would be recorded in fat cows than in thin cows, and that this would not be affected by type of diet. The design of the experiment included 72 cows in a 2 × 2 factorial (two BCS × two types of diet fed for the 4 weeks before expected calving date) where cows were fed individually indoors before calving, and grazed pasture and fed concentrates after calving. The calculated DCAD of the two diets were similar (22.1 v. 18.4 meq/100 g DM for the hay and TMR diets) as were the precalving urine pH levels (7.73 and 7.74) of the cows. Intakes of hay and TMR during late gestation were on average 8.8 and 9.3 kg DM/cow.day, respectively, but the patterns of intake varied, with hay intake declining over the 3 weeks before calving and that of TMR remaining relatively constant until just before parturition. Cows fed hay had higher (P < 0.05) non-esterified fatty acid (0.90 v. 0.64 mmol/L), β-hydroxybutyrate (0.61 v. 0.43 mmol/L) and calcium (2.50 v. 2.24 mmol/L) concentrations, and lower (P < 0.05) glucose (3.03 v. 3.21 mmol/L) concentrations, than the cows fed the TMR before calving. Immediately after calving, most of these differences had disappeared. Average blood serum calcium concentrations within 12 h of calving were similar (P > 0.05) in cows fed each diet (1.94 and 1.79 mmol/L for hay and TMR, respectively). At calving, concentrations of serum calcium and urea were greater (P < 0.05) in the thin cows than the fat cows. Only fat cows had clinical hypocalcaemia (serum calcium concentrations <1.40 mmol/L) or needed to be treated for milk fever either at calving or in the week following calving, whereas there tended to be more thin cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia (serum calcium concentrations of 1.40–2.00 mmol/L). Subclinical ketosis (serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of 1.00–3.00 mmol/L) was more prevalent in fat cows than in thin cows; otherwise health disorders were evenly spread across treatments. In the first 5 weeks of lactation, there were no significant (P > 0.05) effects of late gestation diet on any aspect of production. In contrast, there were positive (P < 0.05) effects of BCS on milk yield and concentrations of fat and protein in milk. The hypothesis concerning the amount and severity of hypocalcaemia in fat cows was only partially supported by the results, but type of diet had no effects on cow health or subsequent production.

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Adipokines as biomarkers of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cows

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-20-0183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 160 (3) ◽

pp. 417-430

Author(s):

Gonçalo Pereira ◽

Ricardo Bexiga ◽

João Chagas e Silva ◽

Elisabete Silva ◽

Christelle Ramé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Gene Transcription ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Uterine Fluid ◽

Subclinical Endometritis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cellular Pellet

Adipokines emerged as regulators of metabolism and inflammation in several scenarios. This study evaluated the relationship between adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin and visfatin) and cytological (subclinical) endometritis, by comparing healthy (without), transient (recovered by 45 days postpartum (DPP)) and persistent (until 45 DPP) endometritis cows (n = 49). Cows with persistent endometritis had higher adiponectin concentrations in plasma (at 21 DPP, P < 0.05 and at 45 DPP, P < 0.01) and in uterine fluid (at 45 DPP, P < 0.001), and higher chemerin concentrations in plasma (P < 0.05) and uterine fluid (P < 0.01) at 45 DPP than healthy cows. Cows with persistent endometritis had higher gene transcription in the cellular pellet of uterine fluid and protein expression in the endometrium of these adipokines and their receptors than healthy cows. Adiponectin plasma concentrations allowed to discriminate healthy from persistent endometritis cows, in 87% (21 DPP) and 98% (45 DPP) of cases, and adiponectin and chemerin uterine fluid concentrations at 45 DPP allowed for this discrimination in 100% of cases. Cows with concentrations above the cutoff were a minimum of 3.5 (plasma 21 DPP), 20.4 (plasma 45 DPP), and 33.3 (uterine fluid 45 DPP) times more at risk of evidencing persistent endometritis at 45 DPP than cows with concentrations below the cutoff. Overall, results indicate a relationship between adipokine signalling and the inflammatory status of the postpartum uterus of dairy cows, evidencing that adipokines represent suitable biomarkers of subclinical endometritis, able to predict the risk of persistence of inflammation.

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Insulin suppresses the AMPK signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in primary cultured hepatocytes of dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202991800016x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xinwei Li ◽

Yu Li ◽

Hongyan Ding ◽

Jihong Dong ◽

Renhe Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Type Ii ◽

Gene And Protein Expression ◽

Element Binding Protein ◽

Triglyceride Content ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Vldl Assembly

Dairy cows with type II ketosis display hepatic fat accumulation and hyperinsulinemia, but the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. This study aimed to clarify the regulation of lipid metabolism by insulin in cow hepatocytes. In vitro, cow hepatocytes were treated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 nm insulin in the presence or absence of AICAR (an AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) activator). The results showed that insulin decreased AMPKα phosphorylation. This inactivation of AMPKα increased the gene and protein expression levels of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which downregulated the expression of lipogenic genes, thereby decreasing lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, AMPKα inactivation decreased the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), which upregulated the expression of lipid oxidation genes, thereby increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, insulin decreased the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly. Consequently, triglyceride content was significantly increased in insulin treated hepatocytes. Activation of AMPKα induced by AICAR could reverse the effect of insulin on PPARα, SREBP-1c, and ChREBP, thereby decreasing triglyceride content. These results indicate that insulin inhibits the AMPKα signaling pathway to increase lipid synthesis and decrease lipid oxidation and VLDL assembly in cow hepatocytes, thereby inducing TG accumulation. This mechanism could partly explain the causal relationship between hepatic fat accumulation and hyperinsulinemia in dairy cows with type II ketosis.

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