Effects of foliar spray of two kinds of zinc oxide on the growth and ion concentration of sunflower cultivars under salt stress

Soil salinity is the major limiting factor restricting plant growth and development. Little is known about the comparative and combined effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) seed priming and foliar application on maize under salt stress. The current study determined the impact of different application methods of GA3 on morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of maize seedlings under three salinity stress treatments (no salinity, moderate salinity-6 dS m−1, and severe salinity-12 dS m−1). The GA3 treatments consisted of control, hydro-priming (HP), water foliar spray (WFS), HP + WFS, seed priming with GA3 (GA3P, 100 mg L−1), foliar spray with GA3 (GA3FS, 100ppm) and GA3P + GA3FS. Salt stress particularly at 12 dS m−1 reduced the length of shoots and roots, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, K+ ion accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while enhanced the oxidative damage and accumulation of the Na+ ion in maize plants. Nevertheless, the application of GA3 improved maize growth, reduced oxidative stress, and increased the antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidant genes expression, and K+ ion concentration under salt stress. Compared with control, the GA3P + GA3FS recorded the highest increase in roots and shoots length (19-37%), roots fresh and dry weights (31-43%), shoots fresh and dry weights (31-47%), chlorophyll content (21-70%), antioxidant enzymes activities (73.03-150.74%), total soluble protein (13.05%), K+ concentration (13-23%) and antioxidants genes expression levels under different salinity levels. This treatment also reduced the H2O2 content, and Na+ ion concentration. These results indicated that GA3P + GA3FS could be used as an effective tool for improving the maize growth and development, and reducing the oxidative stress in salt-contaminated soils.

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Foliar Spray of Alpha-Tocopherol Modulates Antioxidant Potential of Okra Fruit under Salt Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1382

Author(s):

Maria Naqve ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Muhammad Shahbaz ◽

Sajid Fiaz ◽

Wardah Naqvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Free Proline ◽

Better Than

As an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) protects plants from salinity-induced oxidative bursts. This study was conducted twice to determine the effect of α-Toc as a foliar spray (at 0 (no spray), 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1) to improve the yield and biochemical constituents of fresh green capsules of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under salt stress (0 and 100 mM). Salt stress significantly reduced K+ and Ca2+ ion concentration and yield, whereas it increased H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+, glycine betaine (GB), total free proline, total phenolics, and the activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and protease in both okra varieties (Noori and Sabzpari). Foliar application of α-Toc significantly improved the yield in tested okra varieties by increasing the activity of antioxidants (CAT, GPX, SOD, and ascorbic acid), accumulation of GB, and total free proline in fruit tissues under saline and non-saline conditions. Moreover, α-Toc application as a foliar spray alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress by reducing Na+ concentration, MDA, and H2O2 levels and improving the uptake of K+ and Ca2+. Among the tested okra varieties, Noori performed better than Sabzpari across all physio-biochemical attributes. Of all the foliar-applied α-Toc levels, 200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1 were more effective in the amelioration of salinity-induced adverse effects in okra. Thus, we concluded that higher levels of α-Toc (200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1) combat salinity stress more effectively by boosting the antioxidant potential of okra plants.

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Impact of foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the photosynthesis of Pisum sativum L. under salt stress

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.039 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hisham A. Elshoky ◽

Ekaterina Yotsova ◽

Mohamed A. Farghali ◽

Khaled Y. Farroh ◽

Kh El-Sayed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Pisum Sativum L

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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 584

Author(s):

Omnia M. Elshayb ◽

Khaled Y. Farroh ◽

Heba E. Amin ◽

Ayman M. Atta

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Yield Component ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

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Nano Zinc-Oxide Enhanced Photosynthetic Apparatus and Photosystem Efficiency of Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Sandy-Acidic Soils

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1236243/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Wiqar Ahmad ◽

Jaya Nepal ◽

Xiaoping Xin ◽

Zhenli He

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Plant Height ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Nano Zno ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments ◽

Spad Value ◽

Application Methods

Abstract Conventional Zinc (Zn) fertilization (e.g., zinc sulfate) often leads to poor availability in soils. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) can be a potential solution, but their effect on crop photosynthetic activity isn’t well documented. The effects of nano ZnO (50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1) and application methods (seed-coating, soil-drench, and foliar-spray) in comparison with ZnSO4 recommended dose were evaluated for plant height, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and photosystem efficiency in a greenhouse pot experiment. 100 mg L-1 of nano ZnO significantly increased the chlorophyll (Chl.) a, b, a+b, carotenoids (x+c), a+b/x+c, SPAD, leaf Chl., total chlorophyll content plant-1, plant height and total biological yield (by 18-30%, 33-67%, 22-38%, 14-21%, 14-27%, 12-19%, 12-23% 58-99%, 6-11% and 16-20%, respectively) and reduced Chl. a/b (by 6-22%) over the other treatments (p<0.01) irrespective of application methods. Nano ZnO applied at 100 mg L-1 significantly increased photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII) compared to 150 and 200 mg L-1 regardless of application methods. The positive correlations between Chl. a and Chl. b (r2 0.90), Chl. a+b and x+c (r2=0.71), SPAD and Chl. a (r2=0.90), SPAD and Chl. b (r2=0.94) and SPAD and Chl. a+b (r2=0.93) indicates a uniform enhancement in chlorophyll pigments; SPAD value, qP, EPSII, and growth and yield parameters. This elucidates that the application of nano ZnO at 100 mg L-1 promotes corn biochemical health and photosynthesis, irrespective of the application method. These findings have a great propounding for improving plant growth through nano ZnO bio-fortification in acidic Spodosols.

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Effect of foliar spray with sulfosalicylic acid on morphological and yield traits of chickpea under salinity conditions

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2018.7.4.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 2139

Author(s):

Savita J. ◽

Somveer Jakhar

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Crop Production ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Special Importance ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Significant Concentration

Salinity is one of the limiting environmental factors for crop production. Chickpea has special importance among the legumes especially in arid and semi-arid regions and is sensitive to salinity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to make a plan to mitigate the salinity effect on this plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra to investigate the role of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) at different concentrations (10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 M) in overcoming salinity stress imposed on chickpea plants in natural conditions. Different salinity levels (0, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM) were applied and caused a significant reduction in morphological and yield parameters. Our main findings are as follows: (1) Salt stress has detrimental effects on growth and physiology of plants. (2) Application of SSA at 10-5 M was the most significant concentration in modulating the inhibitory effects of salt stress.

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Physiological Evaluation of Different Rice Genotypes to Two Salinity Level during Seedling Stage under Hydroponic System

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i830317 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-56

Author(s):

S. Lakshmi ◽

V. Ravichandran ◽

L. Arul ◽

K. Krishna Surendar

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Ion Absorption ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Rice Genotypes

Hydroponics study was conducted to screen eight rice genotypes (CO 51, ADT 53, ADT 37, IR 64, CO 43, ASD 16, Pokkali; TRY 3) under salinity stress on early seedling stage. Two Saline treatments (75 and 100 mM NaCl) were given at 15 days old seedling; observations were recorded at 10 days after salt stress. Results showed that shoot length, root length, total fresh and dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and root- shoot ratio were reduced under saline conditions compared to control. Na+ ion Concentration and Na+/ k+ ratio was higher in saline treatments than control. However, K+ ion absorption decreased with increasing salinity level. Electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential had increasing trend with increasing level of salinity. In this study, rice genotypes Pokkali, TRY 3 and CO 43 perform as tolerant; CO 51, ADT 53 and ASD 16 perform as moderately tolerant; ADT 37 is susceptible and IR 64 is highly susceptible. This type of study is required to develop salt tolerant genotypes at salt stress during seedling stage; to increase the growth and yield of rice there by satisfy the need of country’s requirement.

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