Physiological Evaluation of Different Rice Genotypes to Two Salinity Level during Seedling Stage under Hydroponic System

Hydroponics study was conducted to screen eight rice genotypes (CO 51, ADT 53, ADT 37, IR 64, CO 43, ASD 16, Pokkali; TRY 3) under salinity stress on early seedling stage. Two Saline treatments (75 and 100 mM NaCl) were given at 15 days old seedling; observations were recorded at 10 days after salt stress. Results showed that shoot length, root length, total fresh and dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and root- shoot ratio were reduced under saline conditions compared to control. Na+ ion Concentration and Na+/ k+ ratio was higher in saline treatments than control. However, K+ ion absorption decreased with increasing salinity level. Electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential had increasing trend with increasing level of salinity. In this study, rice genotypes Pokkali, TRY 3 and CO 43 perform as tolerant; CO 51, ADT 53 and ASD 16 perform as moderately tolerant; ADT 37 is susceptible and IR 64 is highly susceptible. This type of study is required to develop salt tolerant genotypes at salt stress during seedling stage; to increase the growth and yield of rice there by satisfy the need of country’s requirement.

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Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4059 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anita Mann ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽

Jogendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Early Seedling Growth ◽

Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

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Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2549

Author(s):

Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽

Md Sabibul Haque ◽

Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽

Md Nesar Uddin ◽

Md Alamgir Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ion Accumulation ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

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Mapping QTLs for tolerance to salt stress at the early seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a newly identified donor ‘Madina Koyo’

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-020-02689-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 216 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Nana Kofi Abaka Amoah ◽

Richard Akromah ◽

Alex Wireko Kena ◽

Baboucarr Manneh ◽

Ibnou Dieng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Interval Mapping ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Early Seedling

Abstract Salt stress is a menace to rice production and a threat to food security worldwide. We evaluated 308 F4 families from Sahel 317/Madina Koyo for tolerance to salt stress at the early seedling stage. To better understand genomic regions controlling tolerance in the population, we genotyped the progenies and the two parents using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and regressed the genotypic data on their phenotype to detect QTLs. An average reduction of 63.4% was observed for all fitness-related traits among the F4 families. A total of 46 progenies recorded an average salt injury score (SIS) between 1–3 and were rated as tolerant to salt stress at the early seedling stage. A high-density genetic map was constructed for the 12 rice chromosomes using 3698 SNP markers. Multiple interval mapping identified 13 QTLs for SIS, shoot length, shoot dry weight and root length on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 12, with trait increasing alleles coming from both parents. Two (qSDW2 and qRL2.2) and three (qSL2, qRL2.1 and qSIS2) QTLs at different regions on chromosome 2 and another two on chromosome 7 (qSDW7 and qSL7) were tightly linked. These QTLs could facilitate breeding for salt tolerance at the early seedling stage as direct selection for one, would mean indirectly selecting for the other. Fine mapping of these novel QTLs in a different genetic background is necessary to confirm their stability and usefulness in breeding for tolerance to salinity in rice.

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SALINITY TOLERANCE OF SEVERAL RICE GENOTYPES AT SEEDLING STAGE

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v18n2.2017.p63-68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Heni Safitri ◽

Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽

Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽

Sintho Wahyuning Ardie

Keyword(s):

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Future Research ◽

Nutrient Culture ◽

Two Factors ◽

Check Variety ◽

Rice Genotypes

<p class="abstrakinggris">Salinity is one of the most serious problems in rice cultivation. Salinity drastically reduced plant growth and yield, especially at seedling stage. Several rice genotypes have been produced, but their tolerance to salinity has not yet been evaluated. The study aimed to evaluate salinity tolerance of rice genotypes at seedling stage. The glasshouse experiment was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station, Bogor, from April to May 2013. Thirteen rice genotypes and two check varieties, namely Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt sensitive) were tested at seedling stage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors, namely the levels of NaCl (0 and 120 mM) and 13 genotypes of rice. Rice seedlings were grown in the nutrient culture (hydroponic) supplemented with NaCl at different levels. The growth and salinity injury levels of the genotypes were recorded periodically. The results showed that salinity level of 120 mM NaCl reduced seedling growth of all rice genotypes, but the tolerant ones were survived after 14 days or until the sensitive check variety died. Based on the visual injury symptoms on the leaves, five genotypes, i.e. Dendang, Inpara 5, Inpari 29, IR77674-3B-8-2-2-14-4-AJY2, and IR81493-BBB-6-B- 2-1-2 were tolerant to 120 mM salinity level, while Inpara 4 was comparable to salt sensitive IR29. Hence, Inpara 4 could be used as a salinity sensitive genotype for future research of testing tolerant variety. Further evaluation is needed to confirm their salinity tolerance under field conditions. </p>

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Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes at Germination and Early Seedling Stage for Their Tolerance to Salinity

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v8i2.7578 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MM Islam ◽

MA Karim

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Saline Condition ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Tolerance To Salinity ◽

Cacl2 Solution

An experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agronomy Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur from July-June, 2009-2010 to evaluate the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for their tolerance to salinity. One hundred rice genotypes and two check cultivars (Pokkali as tolerant and IR29 as susceptible) were exposed to solution of Electrical Conductivity (EC) of 10, 15, and 20 dSm-1 (5:1 molar concentration of NaCl and CaCl2 solution) at germination and early seedling stage. Based on visual salt injury symptoms at 15 dSm-1, 13 genotypes were found fairly tolerant to salinity. However, among the 13 genotypes, only Patnai23 showed higher germination index and seedling relative dry weight than the check salt tolerant Pokkali at 15 dSm-1. Beside these, performance of Awned-1, Nonasail and Soloi was also well at this level. The genotypes Patnai23, Awned-1, Nonasail and Soloi showed the best performance under saline condition. Keywords: Rice genotypes; germination; salinity; tolerance DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7578 The Agriculturists 8(2): 57-65 (2010)

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Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1227

Author(s):

Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽

Maria Batool ◽

Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽

Zongkai Wang ◽

Ahmed Khatab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

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Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v15i2.35147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 177-192

Author(s):

RR Saha ◽

A Hannan ◽

A Nessa ◽

MA Malek ◽

MR Islam

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Metabolic Efficiency ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Peg Treatment ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

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Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v16i1.37533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 44-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M M Islam ◽

E Kayesh ◽

E Zaman ◽

T A Urmi ◽

M M Haque

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Rice Genotypes

Drought stress is a major constraint to the production and yield stability of crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a drought-sensitive crop species. Within this species, there are considerable varietal differences in sensitivity to this environmental stress. An experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh during April to September 2016 to evaluate 100 rice genotypes for drought tolerance during germination and early seedling growth stage. The genotypes were tested against five levels of drought stress imposed by Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) @ 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replications. The results showed that with increasing water stress, germination in all the genotypes decreased from 95.8% in control to 6.6 % in highest stress (20% PEG) level. Seedling height and dry weight also decreased in all rice genotypes with the increase in water stress level. Based on Standard Evaluation System (SES),18 genotypes were selected primarily. Among the 18 genotypes, Ratoil and Chinisakkar showed higher germination index, relative seedling height and relative seedling dry weight than the check drought tolerant BRRI dhan43 at 20% PEG. Beside these, performance of Kumridhan, Pusur and Somondori was also well at this level compared to BRRI dhan43. The genotypes Ratoil, Chinisakkar, Kumridhan, Pusur and Somondori showed the best performance under drought condition. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(1) 44-54

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Meta-Analysis of Salt Stress Transcriptome Responses in Different Rice Genotypes at the Seedling Stage

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8030064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Weilong Kong ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Ziyun Gong ◽

Xinyi Fang ◽

Tong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Calvin Cycle ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide, while its growth and productivity are threatened by various abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. Unraveling how rice adapts to salt stress at the transcription level is vital. It can provide valuable information on enhancing the salt stress tolerance performance of rice via genetic engineering technologies. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of different rice genotypes at the seedling stage based on 96 public microarray datasets, aiming to identify the key salt-responsive genes and understand the molecular response mechanism of rice under salt stress. In total, 5559 genes were identified to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress, and 3210 DEGs were identified during the recovery process. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results revealed that the salt-response mechanisms of shoots and roots were different. A close-knit signaling network, consisting of the Ca2+ signal transduction pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, multiple hormone signals, transcription factors (TFs), transcriptional regulators (TRs), protein kinases (PKs), and other crucial functional proteins, plays an essential role in rice salt stress response. In this study, many unreported salt-responsive genes were found. Besides this, MapMan results suggested that TNG67 can shift to the fermentation pathway to produce energy under salt stress and may enhance the Calvin cycle to repair a damaged photosystem during the recovery stage. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the salt stress molecular response and introduce numerous candidate genes for rice salt stress tolerance breeding.

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