Relations between literacy-related abilities and the lexical quality of expository texts of Hebrew-speaking children (Relaciones entre habilidades relacionadas con el aprendizaje de la lengua escrita y la calidad léxica de los textos expositivos de niños hebreo-parlantes)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Batia Seroussi ◽  
Anat Stavans ◽  
Sara Zadunaisky-Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Expository Texts ◽  
Lexical Quality

Individual Differences in Lexical Quality of Newly Learned Words

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee Shaw ◽  
Alex P. Demos ◽  
Dana Arthur ◽  
James S. Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Lexical Quality

scholarly journals Tracking reading strategy utilisation through pupillometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Y. Wong ◽  
Jarrod Moss ◽  
Christian D. Schunn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Norepinephrine System ◽  
Comprehension Tests

Explicit reading strategies help low-knowledge readers make the inferences necessary to comprehend expository texts. Self-explanation is a particularly effective strategy, but it is challenging to monitor how well a reader is applying self-explanation without requiring the reader to externalise the self-explanations being generated. Studies have shown that different reading strategies vary in the amount of cognitive control required as well as the engagement of brain regions involved in internally-directed attention. Pupil diameter is related to task engagement and cognitive control via the brain’s locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system. Therefore, pupil diameter could be a method to unobtrusively measure a reader’s use of self-explanation. The current study assessed whether pupil diameter can be used to distinguish between the use of different reading strategies and whether it is linked to the quality and effectiveness of the strategy in terms of learning gains. Participants reread, paraphrased, and self-explained texts while pupil diameter was recorded, and completed comprehension tests. Average pupil diameter differed between all three reading strategies, and pupil diameter was related to learning gains and the quality of strategy use. The results suggest that pupil diameter could be used to track effective reading strategy utilisation.

scholarly journals Selective attention to question-relevant text information precedes high-quality summaries: Evidence from eye movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. León ◽  
José David Moreno ◽  
Inmaculada Escudero ◽  
Johanna K. Kaakinen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Selective Processing

Comprehension and summarizing are closely related. As more strategic and selective processing during reading should be reflected in higher quality of summaries, the aim of this study was to use eye movement patterns to analyze how readers who produce good quality summaries process texts. 40 undergraduate students were instructed to read six expository texts in order to respond a causal question introduced in the end of the first paragraph. After reading, participants produced an oral summary of the text. Based on the quality of the summaries, participants were divided into three groups: High, Medium and Low Quality Summaries. The results revealed that readers who produced High Quality Summaries made significantly more and longer fixations and regressions in the question-relevant parts of texts when compared to the other two summary groups. These results suggest that the summary task performance could be a good predictor of the reading strategies utilized during reading.

scholarly journals New Descriptors of Textual Records: Getting Help from Frequent Itemsets

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 355-372
Author(s):  
Ayoub Bokhabrine ◽  
Ismaïl Biskri ◽  
Nadia Ghazzali
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Frequent Itemsets ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Support Set ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lexical Quality ◽  
Textual Records

The analysis of numerical data, whether structured, semi-structured, or raw, is of paramount importance in many sectors of economic, scientific, or simply social activity. The process of extraction of association rules is based on the lexical quality of the text and on the minimum support set by the user. In this paper, we implemented a platform named “IDETEX” capable of extracting itemsets from textual data and using it for the experimentation in different types of clustering methods, such as [Formula: see text]-Medoids and Hierarchical clustering. The experiments conducted demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach for defining similarity between segments.

Vocabulary Learning in Children with Cochlear Implants in Signed and Spoken Modalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Daan Hermans ◽  
Lian van Berkel-van Hoof ◽  
Harry Knoors
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Lexical Quality ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
The Impact

The lexical quality hypothesis emphasizes the importance of the quantity and the quality of lexical knowledge for reading comprehension: children need to quickly and accurately access the meanings of the written words they encounter. This chapter discusses research on the quality and quantity of lexical representations in spoken language and in signed language in children with cochlear implants (CIs). It also describes the impact of three multimodal approaches that have been used to enhance the quantity and quality of lexical representations in deaf and hard-of-hearing children, including those with CIs: Cued Speech, orthographic information, and augmentative signs. The chapter argues that these three multimodal approaches are promising tools for enhancing the quality of lexical representations in spoken language in children with CIs.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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