The Role of the Border Region in Sino-North Korean Trading Networks: A Focus on Dandong, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kyungsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Trading Networks

scholarly journals Review: The Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling in Neural Crest Development in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Sutton ◽  
Robert N. Kelsh ◽  
Steffen Scholpp
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Neural Plate Border

The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent cell population in vertebrate embryos with extraordinary migratory capacity. The NC is crucial for vertebrate development and forms a myriad of cell derivatives throughout the body, including pigment cells, neuronal cells of the peripheral nervous system, cardiomyocytes and skeletogenic cells in craniofacial tissue. NC induction occurs at the end of gastrulation when the multipotent population of NC progenitors emerges in the ectodermal germ layer in the neural plate border region. In the process of NC fate specification, fate-specific markers are expressed in multipotent progenitors, which subsequently adopt a specific fate. Thus, NC cells delaminate from the neural plate border and migrate extensively throughout the embryo until they differentiate into various cell derivatives. Multiple signalling pathways regulate the processes of NC induction and specification. This review explores the ongoing role of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway during NC development, focusing on research undertaken in the Teleost model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We discuss the function of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in inducing the NC within the neural plate border and the specification of melanocytes from the NC. The current understanding of NC development suggests a continual role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in activating and maintaining the gene regulatory network during NC induction and pigment cell specification. We relate this to emerging models and hypotheses on NC fate restriction. Finally, we highlight the ongoing challenges facing NC research, current gaps in knowledge, and this field’s potential future directions.

scholarly journals The subcellular localization of di- and tri-peptide hydrolase activity in guinea-pig small intestine

1970 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Brush Borders

1. Two different subcellular fractionation techniques were applied to guinea-pig intestinal mucosa and the composition of the brush borders prepared by the two methods were compared. 2. By using a kinetic assay system the subcellular distribution of activity against ten dipeptides and five tripeptides was studied. 3. Only small amounts (5–10%) of activity against dipeptides were found in the brush-border region, the enzymes being concentrated in the cytosol. 4. Significant amounts (10–60%) of activity against tripeptides were found in the brush border with the remainder largely present in the soluble fraction. 5. The relevance of these studies to the localization in vivo and the possible role of peptidases in protein digestion is discussed.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Cultural Cooperation in European Border Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Giada Laganà ◽  
Timothy J. White
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Local Cultures

The growing interaction between local cultures and international organisations suggests the need for peacebuilders to act strategically when trying to overcome cultural differences and build trust in societies long divided by bloody conflicts. This task is more difficult because the mental barriers that divide people and cultures are exacerbated by borders and walls. Through an analysis of the evolving role of the European Union (EU) in peacebuilding in the border region of Ireland, this forum contribution examines the potential of international organisations to enhance reconciliation by creating new cultural opportunities for cooperation. Existing scholarship focuses mainly on policy initiatives, strategies, directives and funding bodies, often failing to mention how theories are deployed by practitioners especially in the realm of cultural programmes.

scholarly journals The changing role of border regions in the regional policies of the EU and Russia

Baltic Region ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Kuznetsov ◽  
Olga V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

This article analyses how the role of border regions has changed in the regional policies of Russia and European countries since the early 1990s. The study aims to estimate the efficiency of Russia’s regional policy with regard to border regions (its completeness, a focus on actual problems, etc.) and to compare it with that of European counterparts. The article relies on publications on the experience of EU countries, earlier contributions from Russian researchers, federal regulations, and statistics on the regional distribution of federal investment in fixed assets. It is shown that the federal border region policy is largely a reflection of the features and problems of Russia’s regional policy as a whole. Currently, the development of cross-border cooperation is affected more strongly by national security concerns than by economic growth considerations. Cross-border cooperation is no longer part of the regional policy. Border regions, however, have received an increasing proportion of federal investments in recent years, particularly, amid the reunification with the Crimea. The study calls for better coordination between different areas of the federal socio-economic policy on border regions and closer attention to border regions’ foreign economic ties, particularly, within the implementation of the Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Role of Transport Infrastructure in Development of Border Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Berezhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intensive Development

Social and economic development of regions is closely connected with transport industry functioning, which was proven by numerous academic works. However, the problem of transport infrastructure importance for border regions was actually neglected. In fact transport on state periphery plays an important role in regional development and in some cases becomes a key factor of realizing foreign-economic potential. This article on the basis of functional approach to the research object describes an attempt to substantiate the role of transport infrastructure in the development of border region through identifying its foreign-economic function. The essence of this function implies the capacity of transport infrastructure to build in-regional and inter-regional flows of goods, services and people travel and at the same time to carry out operations of international exchange of goods. The importance of infrastructure for border regions is demonstrated by dynamics of indicators of railway construction and investment into fixed funds of transport industry: growth rates of these indicators are much higher for border regions in comparison with internal regions. It proves the importance of intensive development of transport on border territories to provide integrity of the country and to realize the potential of foreign-economic links.

scholarly journals Fodbold i grænselandet. Kampen for ungdommen og illegalt arbejde i Tønder frem til 1945

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Hansen
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Border Region ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
State School ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Border Community

Artiklen beskriver fodboldspillets rolle i grænselandet, for fastholdelsen af det danske sindelag for en befolkning, der var udsat for såvel tysk som dansk kulturel sindelagspåvirkning. Jørn Hansen: Football in the border region. The struggle for the youth and illegal work in Tønder until 1945 On November 18th 1944 Aage Buhl Rosenkjær died in a German work-camp for prisoners of war in Svesing near Husum. In 1920 Rosenkjær had been appointed as a teacher at Tønder State School, one of the new Danish ‘gymnasiums’ or high schools that were established after 1920 in Danish market towns. It was Rosenkjær’s activities as a teacher of ball games and gymnastics and his community work as voluntary head of Tønder Sports Association and Tønder County Athletics Association that left significant marks on the small border community in Tønder. His interest in sport and his sympathies for Denmark lead to an involvement in work with young people, which during the course of the 1930s developed into a battle between proponents of Danish and German sympathies in the recruitment of young people. The article takes a closer look at the role of football and Rosenkjær in the border region in retaining and extending Danish sympathies in relation to a population that was exposed to both German and Danish national consciousness. This is an influence in which – as far as the formation of national identity is concerned – sports history has most often accorded a decisive role to gymnastics and German »turnen« (gymnastics). However, particular circumstances relating to the border region meant that football played a more decisive role for those who were to choose a national standpoint.

scholarly journals Governance in Imperial County and Mexicali at the U.S.–Mexico Border during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Kimberly Collins
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Border Population ◽  
The U.S

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the lives of those living in the United States–Mexico border. From the Imperial Valley–Mexicali region, along the California– Baja California border, we find two interesting cases in public management that were impacted by the border population—medical care and informal importation of consumer goods. A lack of federal policy and guidance to improve the quality of life for people in the region leads us to rethink the role of governments and governance in the border region. 

scholarly journals Making ways for ‘better education’: Placing the Shenzhen-Hong Kong mobility industry

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110427
Author(s):  
Maggi WH Leung ◽  
Johanna L Waters ◽  
Yunyun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
And Control

Tens of thousands of children living on Mainland China cross the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong for a ‘better education’ every day. A well-oiled industry is in place to manage, facilitate and control this education mobility field. It involves schools, diverse businesses and non-governmental organisations that, in articulation with the Chinese and Hong Kong states, stimulate and regulate the movement of people, materialities, ideas and practices. Drawing on our fieldwork and media analysis, this paper unpacks the transurban mobility industry to illustrate the role of the various players and how they work in conjunction to facilitate cross-border schooling, especially among the very young children. We map out and visualise with photos the workings of the schools, buses, escorts, tutoring centres, day care and boarding houses. We show how the mobility industry, intersecting with other business networks and mobility systems, links Shenzhen and Hong Kong, taking and making places in these cities, especially in the border region. Our paper illustrates the role of this mobility industry in the making of the political-economy and socio-culture of the border area, which constantly connects, divides and redefines the two cities and regions it bridges. We end with some reflections on the implications of the recent political challenges and COVID-19 pandemic on this cross-border education mobility system.

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