Use of integrated weed management tools in crop rotations with grass seed production

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kryger Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Grass Seed

Weed Problems in Uruguayan Agriculture: Evolution and Current Situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
M. Alejandro Garcia ◽  
Lucia V. Meneses ◽  
Tiago Edu Kaspary
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Species Frequencies ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Uruguayan agriculture has undergone dramatic changes in the last 50 years driven by the adoption of new agricultural production systems that incorporate zero tillage and herbicide resistant crops. This has resulted in a shift in weed species frequencies and the dispersion of introduced herbicide resistant weed populations. Finally, integrated weed management tools are being developed by research and extension services to manage herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds better and to reduce environmental impact of herbicides.

Influence of corn (Zea mays) population and row spacing on corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) yield

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reduced Light

Research was conducted to determine the optimum population and row spacing for corn production and for suppressing velvetleaf growth and seed production. Corn was grown in a factorial arrangement of three populations targeted at 64,000 (1 ×), 96,000 (1.5 ×), or 128,000 (2 ×) plants ha−1and two row spacings of 38 or 76 cm. Influences on corn were determined in weed-free plots, and influences on velvetleaf were determined for target plants established at 1.5–m intervals along the center of corn interrows. Four velvetleaf plantings were made at weekly intervals beginning at corn planting. Corn row spacing had little influence on corn or velvetleaf. Corn yield exhibited a parabolic response to population with a maximum of approximately 90,000 plants ha−1in one year, no response to population in another year, and a linear decline with increasing population in a dry year. Velvetleaf seed production was reduced 69 to 94% by the 1.5 × population and 99% by the 2 × population compared to the standard 1 × population when velvetleaf emerged with corn. Velvetleaf seed production was eliminated when velvetleaf emerged at or later than corn leaf stages 3, 5, and 6 for corn populations of 2 ×, 1.5 ×, and 1 ×, respectively. Reduced velvetleaf seed production was correlated with lower positioning of plants in the corn canopy and reduced light availability. Results suggest that higher corn populations could aid integrated weed management strategies by reducing seed production and limiting the build-up of weed populations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Herbicide Application and Defoliation on Barley Grass (Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum) Management in Mixed Pasture Legumes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Jane Kelly ◽  
Allison Chambers ◽  
Paul Weston ◽  
William Brown ◽  
Wayne Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Hordeum Murinum ◽  
The Impact

Barley grass (Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum.) is an annual weed associated with grain revenue loss and sheep carcass damage in southern Australia. Increasing herbicide resistance led to a recent investigation into effective integrated weed management strategies for barley grass in southern Australia. Field studies in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales (NSW) during 2016 and 2017 examined the effect of post-emergent herbicide applications and strategic defoliation by mowing on barley grass survival and seed production in a mixed legume pasture. Statistically significant differences between herbicide-only treatments in both years showed propaquizafop to be more than 98% effective in reducing barley grass survival and seed production. Paraquat was not effective in controlling barley grass (58% efficacy), but led to a 36% and 63.5% decrease in clover and other weed biomass, respectively, after 12 months and increased lucerne biomass by over three-fold after 24 months. A single repeated mowing treatment resulted in a 46% decline in barley grass seedling emergence after 12 months and, when integrated with herbicide applications, reduced other weed biomass after 24 months by 95%. Resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides observed in local barley grass populations led to additional and more focused investigation comparing the efficacy of other pre- and post-emergent herbicides for barley grass management in legume pastures. Haloxyfop-R + simazine or paraquat, applied at early tillering stage, were most efficacious in reducing barley grass survival and fecundity. Impact of defoliation timing and frequency on barley grass seedlings was also evaluated at various population densities, highlighting the efficacy of repeated post-inflorescence defoliations in reducing plant survival and seed production. Results highlight the importance of optimal environmental conditions and application timing in achieving efficacious control of barley grass and improving pasture growth and biomass accumulation.

scholarly journals A “Stressed” Alfalfa-Based Cropping System Leads to the Selection of Quizalofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Collavo ◽  
Silvia Panozzo ◽  
Antonio Allegri ◽  
Maurizio Sattin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl ◽  
Selection Of

Italian ryegrass populations investigated in this study were harvested in an alfalfa-based cropping system. In that system, the agronomic practices and chemical weed management, based on the use of aryloxyphenoxy-propionates herbicides (i.e., quizalofop ethyl ester), were optimized to obtain a dual seed–forage production. Five of seven populations tested were confirmed resistant to quizalofop ethyl ester with resistance indexes ranging from 4.5 to >209. Both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were most likely involved. Three allelic variants were detected (Ile-1781–Leu, Trp-2027–Cys, and Ile-2041–Asn) in four resistant populations, whereas no known mutations were found in one resistant population. The herbicide treatment on Italian ryegrass plants at different phenological stages suggested that to control regrowth, it is necessary to use two to fives times the herbicide dose suitable for younger plants. This situation is encountered in fields when Italian ryegrass plants need to be controlled to maximize the alfalfa seed production, and it is comparable to using a sublethal herbicide dose, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. In such a situation, the cropping system is not sustainable, and integrated weed management should be implemented to deplete the soil weed seed bank and prevent new weed seed production.

Integrated Management of Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Using Biological Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Herrera-Reddy ◽  
Raymond I. Carruthers ◽  
Nicholas J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
Mature Seeds

AbstractIntegrated weed management strategies (IWM) are being advocated and employed to control invasive plants species. In this study, we compared three management strategies (biological control alone [BC], BC with fire [BC + F], and BC with mowing [BC + M]) to determine if physical controls reduce seed production by Scotch broom and interfere with the action of the biological control agent—the Scotch broom seed weevil. We measured seed production and seed predation by the weevil at both pod and plant scale, and seed bank density over two field seasons. We found no difference in the number of seeds per pod among management strategies. However, combining management strategies (BC + M and BC + F) resulted in significant reductions in pods per plant, mature seeds per plant, and seed bank density relative to biological control alone. We did not find differences among management strategies in number of weevils per pod or proportion of seeds predated by the weevil at either pod or whole-plant scale. However, combining management strategies (BC + M and BC + F) resulted in a significant reduction in healthy mature seeds per plant relative to biological control alone. Although both integrated strategies outperformed biological control alone in reducing seed production and the seed bank, with no statistical difference between them, we propose that short-rotation prescribed fire could prove to be a more effective strategy for long-term management of Scotch broom due to its potential for slightly greater depletion of the seed bank.

Weed Community Response to Crop Rotations in Western South Dakota

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson ◽  
Clair E. Stymiest ◽  
Bruce A. Swan ◽  
John R. Rickertsen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Proso Millet

Producers in the semiarid Great Plains are exploring alternative crop rotations, with the goal of replacing winter wheat–fallow. In 1993, a study was established to compare performance of eight rotations comprised of various combinations with winter wheat (W), spring wheat (SW), dry pea (Pea), safflower (Saf), corn (C), sunflower (Sun), proso millet (M), or fallow (F). After 8 years, we characterized weed communities by recording seedling emergence in each rotation. Seventeen species were observed, with downy brome, kochia, horseweed, and stinkgrass comprising 87% of the community. Rotations with the least number of weed seedlings were W–F and SW–W–C–Sun; in comparison, weed density was six-fold higher in W–M. Density of downy brome and kochia was highest in W–M compared with other rotations, whereas stinkgrass and green foxtail were prominent in proso millet of the W–M and W–C–M rotations. Horseweed established readily in safflower and dry pea. In the semiarid Great Plains, designing rotations in a cycle of four that includes cool- and warm-season crops can be a key component of integrated weed management.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Semileafless Field Pea Cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory E. Jacob ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Miles F. Dyck ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Cultivar Selection

The inclusion of competitive crop cultivars in crop rotations is an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool. However, competitiveness is often not considered a priority for breeding or cultivar selection by growers. Field pea (Pisum sativumL.) is often considered a poor competitor with weeds, but it is not known whether competitiveness varies among semileafless cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine if semileafless field pea cultivars vary in their ability to compete and/or withstand competition, as well as to identify aboveground trait(s) that may be associated with increased competitive ability. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at three locations in western Canada. Fourteen semileafless field pea cultivars were included in the study representing four different market classes. Cultivars were grown either in the presence or absence of model weeds (wheat and canola), and competitive ability of the cultivars was determined based on their ability to withstand competition (AWC) and their ability to compete (AC). Crop yield, weed biomass and weed fecundity varied among sites but not years. Cultivars exhibited inconsistent differences in competitive ability, although cv. Reward consistently exhibited the lowest AC and AWC. None of the traits measured in this study correlated highly with competitive ability. However, the highest-yielding cultivars generally were those that had the highest AC, whereas cultivars that ranked highest for AWC were associated with lower weed fecundity. Ranking the competitive ability of field pea cultivars could be an important IWM tool for growers and agronomists.

Weed Seed Demise in Soil in Weed-Free Corn (Zea mays) Production Across Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
Russell S. Moomaw ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Management Effort

An experiment was conducted at five locations in Nebraska to determine the extent of demise of weed seed in soil when seed production was eliminated from 1975 through 1979 in corn (Zea maysL.). Weed yields, weed seed production, and corn yields were determined under four weed management levels in 1980. Annual broadleaf weed seed were more prevalent than grass seed in cultivated soil throughout the study. The population of viable weed seed in soil declined 95% during the 5-yr period that weed seed production was eliminated. Weed seed buildup recovered to within 90% of the 1975 level during 1980 at Concord and Clay Center but remained low at Lincoln, North Platte, and Scottsbluff. Thus, seed longevity in soil was sometimes sufficient to withstand modern weed control methods and still reinfest a field after 5 yr of eliminating weed seed production. Corn yields were maintained 1 yr with minimum weed management effort following 5 yr of no weed seed production.

Crop Seeding Rate Influences the Performance of Variable Herbicide Rates in a Canola–Barley–Canola Rotation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Jeff C. Newman ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Yield Responses

Glyphosate-resistant canola was seeded at Vegreville, Alberta, in 1997 and 1999 and barley in rotation with the canola in 1998 at three seeding rates. The effects, at each crop seeding rate, of variable glyphosate (canola) and tralkoxydim plus bromoxynil plus MCPA (barley) rates on crop yield, net economic return and seed production by wild oat, wild mustard, and wild buckwheat, and the amount of weed seed in the soil seed bank was determined. Crop seeding rate influenced the response of canola and barley yield and weed seed production to herbicide rate. At the lowest crop seeding rates, yield responses tended to be parabolic with yields increasing up to one-half and three-quarters of the recommended herbicide rates and trends toward reduced yields at the full rates. This response was not evident at the higher crop seeding rates, where, in most cases the yield reached a maximum between one-half and the full recommended rate. The effects of the herbicides on weed seed production, especially at the lowest rate, were often superior at the higher crop seeding rates. The results indicate that seeding canola and barley at relatively high rates may reduce risk associated with lower crop yields and increased weed seed production at lower than recommended herbicide rates. However, the current cost of herbicide-resistant canola seed may preclude the adoption of this integrated weed management practice by growers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document