Contrastiue functional analysis as a starting point for corpus-based translation studies (CTS): Methodological considerations for analysing small transiational corpora

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Machniewski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Methodological Considerations

scholarly journals The Hitchhiker's guide to glycoproteomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Oliveira ◽  
Morten Thaysen-Andersen ◽  
Nicolle H. Packer ◽  
Daniel Kolarich
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
The Common

Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications that are essential for cell function across all domains of life. Changes in glycosylation are considered a hallmark of many diseases, thus making glycoproteins important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets. Glycoproteomics, the study of glycans and their carrier proteins in a system-wide context, is becoming a powerful tool in glycobiology that enables the functional analysis of protein glycosylation. This ‘Hitchhiker's guide to glycoproteomics’ is intended as a starting point for anyone who wants to explore the emerging world of glycoproteomics. The review moves from the techniques that have been developed for the characterisation of single glycoproteins to technologies that may be used for a successful complex glycoproteome characterisation. Examples of the variety of approaches, methodologies, and technologies currently used in the field are given. This review introduces the common strategies to capture glycoprotein-specific and system-wide glycoproteome data from tissues, body fluids, or cells, and a perspective on how integration into a multi-omics workflow enables a deep identification and characterisation of glycoproteins — a class of biomolecules essential in regulating cell function.

Defining patterns in Translation Studies

Target ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Hebenstreit
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Conceptual Construction ◽  
History Of

A definition can be seen as a central working tool for researchers, since it leads to a new conceptual construction. At the same time a multitude of definitions, especially if competing with each other, is quite often perceived as a typical symptom of fields of research that have not yet developed their theories to the necessary level of sophistication. A relatively young field of research, Translation Studies and its proponents have repeatedly been the target of criticism in that respect, i.e. working with concepts whose definitions do not comply with commonly accepted standards of definition. That kind of critique serves as the starting point for this paper, which tries to analyze definitions in two seminal publications in the history of German Übersetzungswissenschaft, representing two opposing approaches to translation, namely Zufall und Gesetzmäßigkeit in der Übersetzung by Otto Kade (1968) and Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie by Hans J. Vermeer and Katharina Reiß (1984). The paper gives an account of standards of definition, commonly found in philosophy of science and terminology, addresses central aspects of scientific concepts (theoryboundness, types of concepts, determinacy, vagueness) and presents the findings of a study focusing on defining patterns.

scholarly journals Construindo corpora de legendas: passo a passo metodológico para pesquisas baseadas em corpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-195
Author(s):  
Janailton Mick Vitor da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Star Trek ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o passo a passo metodológico para criação de corpora de legendas, retiradas de obras audiovisuais, como filmes e séries de TV, que pode servir a pesquisadores que trabalham no campo da Tradução Audiovisual e dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus. O ponto de partida para a descrição ora introduzida baseou-se na pesquisa de Silva (2018), na qual foram apresentados passos para compilação, edição e preparação de corpora de legendas da série de TV Star Trek: Enterprise, utilizando-se programas razoavelmente conhecidos, como o Google Chrome, Bloco de Notas, Subtitle Edit, Microsoft Word e Excel. No presente artigo, entende-se que os passos aqui apresentados se estabelecem como sugestões de futuros percursos metodológicos a serem seguidos em pesquisas nas áreas supramencionadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: construção de corpora de legendas; passos metodológicos; Tradução Audiovisual; Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus.   ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to describe the step-by-step process for the creation of subtitles corpora, extracted from audiovisual works, such as films and TV series, that may be useful for researchers in the field of Audiovisual Translation and Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The starting point for such description is based on the research of Silva (2018), in which steps for compiling, editing and preparing corpora subtitles of the TV Series Star Trek: Enterprise were presented, using such reasonably known programs as Google Chrome, Notepad, SubtitleEdit, Microsoft Word and Excel. In the present article, it isunderstood that the steps introduced hereinare suggestions intended as future methodological stepsto be followed in research done in the aforementioned areas. KEYWORDS: subtitles corpora compilation; methodological steps; Audiovisual Translation; Corpus-Based Translation Studies.

scholarly journals Social Semiotics: Paths towards Integrating Social and Semiotic Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Fomin ◽  
Mikhail V. Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
Entire Domain ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

This article outlines major trends in the development of social semiotics during the last four decades of its existence. The starting point was the interface between functional analysis of the semiotic system of language and the structural interpretation of language as a social system. Their convergence provided the basis for further developing an interdisciplinary domain of social semiotics. Michael Halliday’s book “Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning” (1978) gave an initial impetus to exploring the interface of semiotic and social. Ten years later his approach was reinterpreted by Bob Hodge and Gunther Kress in “Social Semiotics” (1988). They suggested that both the social and semiotic nature of language had a broader significance and extends to the entire domain of human activity and existence. Thus, social semiotic (in singular) of language was enhanced into all-embracing social semiotics (in plural). This article further examines linguistic as socio-semiotic, semiotic as social, semiotic as multimodal, socio-semiotic as functional, interpretative as socio-semiotic. The article outlines two frontiers of social semiotics, that of its subject matter and that of its methodological dimension. Finally, the article focuses on current challenges faced by social semiotics, particularly those relevant to sociology.

Design for Manufacture Using Functional Analysis and CAD Mould Simulation for Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela E. Lupeanu ◽  
Hadley Brooks ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
H. Kursat Celik ◽  
Corneliu Neagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Rapid Tooling ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Manufacturing ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Innovative Solutions

The pressure of time, quality and cost, together with increasing product variety, more customised products and worldwide competition is driving technology development and implementation in the area of Rapid Manufacturing (RM). Traditionally, the manufacture of tooling for both prototype parts and production components represents one of the longest and most costly phases in the development of most new products. The cost and time implications of the tooling process are particularly problematic for low-volume products aimed at niche markets, or alternatively for rapidly changing high-volume products. Rapid Prototyping (RP) and Rapid Tooling (RT) have the potential to dramatically shorten the time required to produce functional prototypes or products. Functional Analysis (FA) plays a key role in the design process of the actual tools, allowing for innovative solutions that can be achieved with RP and RT. This paper presents a FA methodology to design for manufacture (DFM) based on RP- and RT-specific characteristics, aimed at improving process efficiency, streamline energy consumption, use of volume material, usage of structural innovative lightweight materials, decrease overall costs and improve product quality. Design for Rapid Manufacturing (DFRM) allows for geometric freedom, leading to changes of the overall design process, thus enhancing the FA process. FA begins with stating the need, in a DFRM case that translates into diagnosis, the determination of the manufacturability of the present product and comparison with similar products on the market. Setting objectives, in terms of production costs, quality, flexibility, risk, lead-time, efficiency, and environment are other milestones in FA. Actual function definition involves defining the main functions of the product and their interactions. Clarifying the evaluation parameters, setting criteria levels and technical dimensioning is done for each of the main product functions. The conceptual design process then follows a top-down sequence: corporate, family, structural and component levels. Evaluation and selection of the optimal concept resulting from the FA consists of assessing the manufacturability of the proposed concepts in terms of the DFM objectives. The selected best fit concept is translated to design in the last stage, when the chosen concept is communicated to the development team. The detailed design is carried out in parallel to marketing and product development. Targeted FA is shown to enable generation of innovative solutions, while improving manufacturability. The present research stands as a starting point in the development of product design methodologies that use RP and RT applications for manufacturing physical products.

scholarly journals On Describing Similarity and Measuring Equivalence in English-Spanish Translation

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-159
Author(s):  
Marlén Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies

This article reports on a descriptive translation study that attempts to examine the notion of equivalence in translation in an empirical manner. In order to do that, the analysis focuses on the similarities and differences, considered as the components of any relation of equivalence, between the source texts and the target texts. In this particular case, the source texts are English Gerund-Participle (G-P) Adjuncts, and their target texts, the Spanish translational options found in so-called “ACTRES parallel corpus.” The study is interdisciplinary as it draws from contrastive functional analysis and descriptive translation studies, from a corpus-based approach. The study reveals different types of similarities between the English G-P Adjuncts and its Spanish equivalents, which are described in functional terms, taking into consideration functionality, meaning-form interface and frequency of usage. The descriptive parameters followed have prompted a grading system for measuring equivalence between the objects of study.

scholarly journals Paralysed: A Systemic Functional Analysis of James Joyce’s “Eveline”

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Monika Kavalir
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World

In homage to the work of Uroš Mozetič, the paper takes as its starting point previously developed suggestions about how the language of “Eveline” conveys a picture of the heroine as a passive, paralysed character. Using Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics as a model of stylistic analysis, it investigates the contribution of both the ideational and the interpersonal metafunctions to the meaning of the text. The results extend and amend some ideas from the literature, such as the supposed prevalence of stative verbs, and suggest that while the short story as a whole predominantly uses material processes, their potential for change is mitigated by Joyce’s aspect, tense, and usuality choices. Eveline as the main character crucially has the role of a Senser, observing and internally reacting to the world around her, and even the processes in which she acts upon things and people are modalised and shown to be either hypothetical or instigated by others.

scholarly journals The moulds from Velebit and European bronze age metal anvils

Starinar ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139-182
Author(s):  
Barbara Armbruster ◽  
Albrecht Jockenhövel ◽  
Aleksandar Kapuran ◽  
Rasko Ramadanski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
General Role ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Significant Class

During the first excavations of the cemetery dating from the Bronze Age and Early Antiquity in the village of Velebit near Kanjiza (Northern Serbia) one of the excavated artefacts was found to belong to a used and broken stone mould for casting anvils. However, without an expert archaeologist to supervise the recovery of this find, which remained unknown for decades after its discovery, as a starting point, the authors of this article present a synthesis that takes into account several aspects of this significant class of metalcraft object. This proceeds from the history of the excavation to the general role of European Bronze Age anvils in gold and bronze metalworking, and then further on to their typological, terminological, chronological and functional analysis and to their long-range distribution as a sign of an interregional network of craftsmen, including their social context and symbolism.

scholarly journals Translation, Systems and Research: The Contribution of Polysystem Studies to Translation Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ambiguous Position ◽  
Specific Profile

Abstract Translation, Systems and Research: The Contribution of Polysystem Studies to Translation Studies — The aim of this article is not at all to examine Polysystems theory nor Polysystems research as such, but rather to discuss the impact Polysystems research has had in the development of a new discipline, i.e. Translation Studies. The ambiguous position of PS research within Translation Studies is due to its interdisciplinary claims and, on the other hand, to the necessity to work in a real world of disciplines where institutionalization is inevitable and even needed. The starting point of PS theory is not translation at all, but rather the dynamic functions fulfilled by translation within (inevitably) heterogeneous cultures and societies. On the basis of such hypotheses about culture(s) a rich panorama of new questions for research on translation has been worked out, as well as methodological models, and individual and collective descriptive research has been started in many countries on many cultural situations. Hence it may be accepted that descriptive research on translation would hardly have existed without the programmatic PS contribution and that the establishment of Translation Studies as an academic discipline is greatly indebted to PS. The gradual extension through various countries and disciplines (film studies, media studies, social organization, etc.) has favoured combinations with other approaches while making less clear the specific profile of the PS approach. It may be said that PS has served research as such, much more than its own sake, but wasn't this exactly the goal it wanted to achieve?

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