The state and internal conflict

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jackson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENYELESIAN SENGKETA INTERNAL LEMBAGA NEGARA (STUDI KASUS PELANTIKAN PIMPINAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2019)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Yanzah Bagas Nugraha ◽  
Dwi Andayani Budisetyowati
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Leadership Tenure ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Republic

The establishment of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia so called Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD-RI) at least has two objectives. The first is to enhance justice for the people in the region. Secondly, to expanding and increasing the participation of local communities in national life. The process to form this state institution is done by amending the 3rd amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic Indonesia. However, in doing that  amendment there was an internal conflict within the body of DPD-RI involving the old and the new leaders of this institution last year. The length of leadership tenure which was initially made 5 years was amended to became 2.5 years. The different length of leadership tenure was then canceled by the Supreme Court and it was decided to be the same as other institution such as The People’s Consultative Assembly and The House of Representative in that the leadership tenure should be in accordance with the electoral cycle of 5 years. However, although the regulation of DPD-RI has been canceled, the Supreme Court keeps sending its representative to guide the oath of position of the new DPD-RI leadership. The only regulation that has been introduced by the state was regulation toward conflict between state institutions and this conflict can merely be resolved by the Constitutional Court. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the state to seek solution to solve this problem to prevent the same thing happened to other state institution in the future.

Two Competing Ideals for a Third Reich

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Benezra Strote
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
Younger Generation

This chapter examines the radical efforts of National Socialists and their supporters to create order out of the “chaos” of Weimar-era dissensus, as well as the difficulty they faced because of a fundamental internal conflict within the movement itself. The project to create a common German way of life out of the “worldview chaos” of Weimar was hampered by the persistence of competing visions of Germany's future among the younger generation of Nazis and conservatives. In particular, minds divided on the question of the Christianization of the state. The clash of visions became more apparent when the nation's economic situation revealed itself as less sustainable than previously thought. At that point, it became clear that the leaders of the Nazi regime, despite running a dictatorship, were not necessarily better equipped to bridge the deep divisions among Germans than the founders of the liberal democracy in Weimar had been.

State Structures in New Nations: the Case of Primary Agricultural Marketing in Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up

There are nations and there are states. There is, for example, an Armenian nation but no state, and it is the aim of some Armenian nationalists to set up a state. This example follows a liberal European paradigm; that a sense of nationhood creates unity of purpose that allows the state to come into existence, and creates a consensus of popular acceptance that enables it to function. The state may be carved out of something larger, as in the Greek case, or out of smaller units, as in the German case. There is plenty of evidence, ancient and modern, that without a consensus of acceptance, it is very difficult for a state to prosper economically or to be free of repression and crippling internal conflict.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE POLICY OF THE ILKHANATE KHANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Heyirbek S. Gasimov ◽  
Dilaver M. Azimli
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Freedom Of Action

The Ilkhanate included large territories in the Near and the Middle East, where a process of mutual influence of many peoples, tribes and cultures took place. When the Hulagu khan Ahmed Tekuder (1282-1284) converted to Islam, the Muslims of Azerbaijan, who constituted the absolute majority of the country's population, welcomed this move. After the assassination of Ahmed Tekuder, Arghun (1284-1291), Gaykhatu (1291-1295) and Baydu (1295) took the Hulagu throne by turn. This period went down in history as a time of violent internal conflict in the House of Hulagu, freedom of action for representatives of all religions, except Islam, persecution of Muslims, religious, financial and economic, administrative experiments of Hulagu khans. In 1295, Ghazan Khan took the Hulagu throne. He radically changed the attitude of official authority towards Islam. Even before his accession to the throne (June 16, 1295), Ghazan-khan converted to Islam and then was called by the Muslim name Mahmud. The conversion to Islam by Ghazan Khan ensured the prevailing position of the Ilkhanate in the system of international relations of the Near and Middle East. For manageable, strong, stable socio-economic and political life of a huge empire, the optimal choice of unifying state ideology was extremely important. Ghazan Khan successfully completed the way started by Ahmed Tekuder. Since the reign of Ghazan Khan (Mahmud), the Ilkhanate began to claim leadership in the Muslim world. The problem of the "legitimacy" of the Ilkhanate also found its solution. The Ilkhanate bordered the largest states of that time: with the state of nomadic Mongols, governed by the descendants of Juchi Khan, the eldest son of Genghis Khan (known in Russian historiography as the Golden Horde); with the state of the Mamluks sultans of Egypt; with the Mongolian nomadic tribes in Central Asia, descendants of Chaghatai - the son of Genghis Khan.

scholarly journals Психологический образ сотрудника милиции как представителя власти в фильме «Холодное лето пятьдесят третьего»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Koblenkov ◽  
P.V. Remizov
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

Формирование положительного имиджа сотрудников правоохранительных органов одна из важнейших задач Министерства внутренних дел России. Кинематограф является искусством, способным наглядно продемонстрировать, как изменилось общественное мнение в связи с преобразованием милиции в полицию. Важно вспомнить положительные моменты служебной деятельности сотрудников милиции, их способность к самопожертвованию ради борьбы с преступностью. Целью работы является попытка оценить влияние кинематографа на формирование образа российского полицейского как продолжателя традиций милиционера бескорыстного, смелого и думающего борца с правонарушителями. Для ее достижения проведен анализ реальных исторических событий, художественно изображенных в фильме Холодное лето пятьдесят третьего , в результате которого авторы приходят к выводу о предпосылках формирования нового поколения российских полицейских, являющихся наследниками менталитета, психологии и традиций советской милиции.The formation of a positive image of law enforcement officers is one of the most important tasks of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia. Cinema is an art that can demonstrate how public opinion has changed with the transformation of the militsiya into the police. It is important to recall the positive aspects of the activities of militsiya officers, their ability to sacrifice themselves for the sake of combating crime. The aim of the work is to assess the influence of cinema on the formation of the image of the Russian police officer as a successor of the traditions of the militsiya one: a selfless, brave and thinking fighter against offenders. To achieve the aim, real historical events, artistically depicted in the film The Cold Summer of 1953, are analysed. Conclusions about the prerequisites for the formation of a new generation of Russian police officers, who are the heirs of the mentality, psychology and traditions of the Soviet militsiya, are made. The historical period considered in the film is characterised by a whole series of the most important social and political events that influenced the fate of a huge number of people in the USSR: the death of I.V. Stalin, the fiercest struggle for leadership in the party and power in the country, the surviving 1937 Syndrome, including a campaign to find and identify the Trotskyists, the enemies of the people and the traitors of the Motherland. The amnesty of the prisoners of labour correctional camps led to a sharp surge in crime, numerous victims among citizens and militsiya officers. The feature film The Cold Summer of 1953 shows a system of relationships between people from different social groups in one of the most difficult periods of the post-war state formation. The film focuses on the attitude of the population, local authorities and militsiya officers to former political prisoners. One of the most striking characters in the work is the precinct officer Mankov, a front-line soldier, a participant in the Great Patriotic War. The events of the film show that Mankov, as a representative of the authorities, is not a thoughtless cog of the state machine. He sincerely perplexes and reflects on the current events, tries to comprehend and evaluate the policy of the countrys leadership. The film presents an internal conflict in the consciousness and understanding of the militsiya officer and the confrontation between the government official and criminals intoxicated by freedom. Sacrificing his life, Mankov managed to instill hope and return the understanding of human values in the confrontation of the state, society and criminals. The image of the militsiya officer Mankov is a vivid illustration of loyalty to professional duty, respect for ordinary people, ability to reflect, and not to mindlessly carry out the received orders, which is especially valuable during the period of repression and suppression of attempts at dissent.

scholarly journals Antipersonnel landmines in the Colombian internal conflict: implications for technology development

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (212) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Jesus Antonio Vega Uribe ◽  
Hichem Sahli ◽  
Alain Gauthier Sellier
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Humanitarian Demining ◽  
Antipersonnel Landmines ◽  
Antipersonnel Mines ◽  
Design And Construction

The effort of universities, companies, and the state in Colombia to face home-made AP landmines has generated useful solutions and studies for many projects developed in the last decade, including demining processes in Colombia. Antipersonnel mines have changed in the last 15 years, due to the intermittent nature of our internal conflict. For example, as Descontamina Colombia mentions on its website, non-state armed groups cut the detonator containing the primary explosive to decrease the metal in the mine. This paper shows the aspects of the conflict that have affected humanitarian demining in Colombia, which help in the design and construction of technological devices. This article does not attempt to describe each of the typical technologies in humanitarian demining processes, but rather to show the characteristics considered in the design of two detection devices aimed at detecting home-made AP landmines.

scholarly journals Poetiks of L. Andreev’s play «The dog's walse»

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
New Drama

In article is devoted to the thorough analysis of poetics and genre peculiarities of L. Andreev’s play « The dog's walse ». The study showed that the important role in this work play modernistic principles of representation of world and person as neomythologism, intertextuality, motifity, dominating of symbolical types and characters, irony, grotesque. This is the “new drama” which moves behind the scene external conflict and the action, the key role is played by internal conflict and subtext, which is finding realization in neomifological storyline. The study of L. Andreev drama’s chronotop in various periods of his work, along with variability, demonstrates his apparent conceptual uniformity. The local framework, where he transfers the action in the play " The dog's walse ", represents only spatial variations of the locuses of early dramas and plays of the second half of the 1900s, the invariant of which can be considered the room where the Life of Man flows in the work of the same name. Furthermore, in the play, aside from the spaceless chronotope offered to the spectator, it is steadily found, often dominating the open "space" chronotope, acquiring the symbolic spatial outlines of petersburg's topos. In this regard, the transformation undergoes an author's interpretation of the mythopoetic motive of the mask, which is an important attribute of the Andreev’s drama art system. Instead of sketchiness and hypertrophied mannequins, mask characters of the "conditional" drama came more deeply, at the level of subtext, grotesque images, in which the writer combines the motive of the mask with the motives of the game, duality, and again appeals to the traditional model of character of his mirrors for his work, which at different angles reflect not only the ideological doctrines and actions of the heroes, but also the state of their deformed consciousness and the psyche. The results of our research refute the conception, that approves the evolutional type of Andreev’s dramaturgy from early realistic to “conventional” symbolico-expressionistic drams and drams ‘panpsihe”. Type of the conflict, which lies in its basis, and also all levels of its structure revealed the modernistic nature and isomorphism with Andreev’s prose. Apparently, both in prose, and in dramaturgy of the writer there was no evolution, the accents in the author’s concept only changed and the appropriate art means and image forms merely varied. Already in the first dramas all was put that only came to light, deepened and became more obvious.

scholarly journals Professional focus of psychological well-being of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
N. Volynets
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Professional Self

In the article the results of an empirical research of the professional focus of psychological well-being of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are represented. The author's position on the content of the phenomenon of psychological well-being of the border guards is to study it as a holistic global subjective reflexive experiencing of the border guards of the positivity and significance of their own «I-existence» as a whole and through the prism of their life in the environment of professional activity, representing an integrated assessment of professional life, positive affections in relation to the work performed, the organizational environment and, consequently, life in general, and, secondly, as a subjective experiencing-living of situational experience in the context of professional activity as a harmonious combination of efforts to accomplish work, achieved goals and profits (rewards, recognition, prospects, etc.). The peculiarities of manifestation of indicators of professional focus of psychological well-being, which promote the growth of psychological well-being of border guards (professional self-acceptance, satisfaction professional achievements, professional development, availability of professional goals, satisfaction level of competence, positive relations in the community, autonomy in professional work, professional growth, subjective assessment and experience of professional demand, the attitude of other people (colleagues, leadership, etc.), self-assessment, self-rating of personal growth, professional credibility, evaluation of professional activities, serving as an opportunity to further the work of the ideals and values self-efficacy, belonging to a professional community satisfaction with the implementation of professional capacity, professional competence, self in the profession, self-esteem, a conscious choice of challenges and their solving and overcoming obstacles for the sake of victory, stability in work, self-confidence, self-affirmation, orientation towards the integration of the efforts of oneself and others people and responsible for the final result of professional identity and the needs for recognition and self-improvement) and indicators that reduce to lower psychological well-being of border guards (self-abasement, internal conflict as an objective professional self-attitude inconsistency professional requirements and individual capabilities and resources of border guards, self-prosecution, stability of residence, the need for social contacts as a desire to work in a team, to communicate with a lot of people, belief and close ties with colleagues) are ascertained.

scholarly journals The Shia armed groups and the future of Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Kardo Rached ◽  
Ahmed Bali
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
The Future ◽  
Weberian Theory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe rising and acceleration of the Shia armed group in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Lebanon require a deep understanding of the root of the multi-dimensional conflicts in the Middle East. An appropriate and sufficient approach to the research about these militias would be from a viewpoint of an internal conflict rather than an external conflict. The legitimization of the existence of the majority of these militias, if not all of them, is the fight and the struggle against an entity which is the Sunni sect, that would assimilate them rather than integrating them peacefully. In this article, we try to identify the impact of the Shia militias in Iraq on the formation of the future of this country. We maintain that these armed groups will be a destabilizing factor for Iraq and its neighbors, and they will worsen and deepen the sectarian division in the Middle East. We assess these different groups from different perspectives, for example, using the Weberian theory that the state is the only entity that has a monopoly of violence; Ariel Ahram’s model of state-sponsored and government-sponsored militias; and finally the devolution of violence to these armed groups.

Accounting Principles, Internal Conflict and the State: The Case of the ICAEW, 1948-1966

Abacus ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Noguchi ◽  
John Richard Edwards
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Accounting Principles
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