Design parameters and control strategies for a combined passive heating and cooling system in Louisville, KY

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-1001
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Parsons ◽  
Keith Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Borowski ◽  
Piotr Mazur ◽  
Sławosz Kleszcz ◽  
Klaudia Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Control

The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.

A Survey of Methods Used to Detect Nosocomial Legionellosis Among Participants in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Fiore ◽  
Jay C. Butler ◽  
T. Grace Emori ◽  
Robert P. Gaynes
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
And Control

Objective:To help define the scope of nosocomial legionnaire's disease (LD) and to assess use of recommended diagnostic methods and transmission control practices.Methods:We surveyed 253 hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. The anonymous survey included questions about episodes of nosocomial LD, environmental sampling practices, maintenance of hospital water systems, and diagnostic techniques.Results:Of 192 hospitals that responded, 29% reported at least one episode of nosocomial ID from 1990 through 1996, and 61% of these reported at least two episodes. Of 79 hospitals with transplant programs, 42% reported nosocomial LD, compared with 20% of hospitals without transplant programs. Environmental sampling had been conducted by 55% of hospitals, including 79% of those reporting nosocomial LD.Legionellawere isolated in 34% that sampled potable water and 19% that sampled cooling system reservoirs. Supplemental potable-water decontamination systems were installed in 20% of hospitals. Only 19% routinely performed testing for legionellosis among patients at high risk for nosocomial LD.Conclusions:Nosocomial LD is relatively common among NNIS hospitals, especially those performing organ transplants. Environmental sampling forLegionellais a common practice among NNIS hospitals, andLegionellaoften are isolated from sampled hospital cooling towers and hospital potable-water systems. Hospitals have responded to suspected nosocomial LD infection with a variety of water sampling and control strategies; some have not attempted to sample or decontaminate water systems despite identified transmission.

Utilization of Expansion Work in Transcritical CO2 Heat Pumps in Combined Heating and Cooling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Stosic ◽  
Ian K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Twin Screw

The use of CO2 as a refrigerant in transcritical vapour compression cycles has significant advantages, for systems which require simultaneous heating and cooling at approximately equal rates. However, then need for a compressor, to operate across high pressure differences, and the large throttle losses associated with these pressure differences have limited its use. This paper describes a study carried out to evaluate the efficiency gains and cost benefits possible from such a system when a twin screw machine is used to both compress and expand the working fluid in a single unit. It also shows the values of the critical design parameters required to optimise the system’s potential advantages when used in larger combined heating and cooling systems in industrial process and heat generation plants. The results show that recovery of work from the expansion process improves the COP by 15 to 20%. For the design conditions specified in this paper, this implies that the expander is worth fitting if it can be installed for a cost of less than approximately €750/kW of shaft power input. Thus, depending on the operating conditions, transcritical CO2 heat pumps using a compressor-expander can produce hot water at 90°C with a COP of approximately 6, with thermal outputs of up to 1.5 MW. This could be extended with simple control strategies up to outputs of 10 MW.

scholarly journals An efficient leg with series–parallel and biarticular compliant actuation: design optimization, modeling, and control of the eLeg

2019 ◽  
pp. 027836491989376
Author(s):  
Wesley Roozing ◽  
Zeyu Ren ◽  
Nikos G Tsagarakis
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Actuation Scheme ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom ◽  
And Control ◽  
Series Elastic

We present the development, modeling, and control of a three-degree-of-freedom compliantly actuated leg called the eLeg, which employs both series- and parallel-elastic actuation as well as a bio-inspired biarticular tendon. The leg can be reconfigured to use three distinct actuation configurations, to directly compare with a state-of-the-art series-elastic actuation scheme. Critical actuation design parameters are derived through optimization. A rigorous modeling approach is presented using the concept of power flows, which are also used to demonstrate the ability to transfer mechanical power between ankle and knee joints using the biarticular tendon. The design principles and control strategies were verified both in simulation and experiment. Notably, the experimental data demonstrate significant improvements of 65–75% in electrical energy consumption compared with a state-of-the-art series-elastic actuator configuration.

Temperature Control Using MR Fan Clutch for Automotive Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Seok Kim ◽  
Jung Woo Sohn ◽  
Seung Bok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Bingham Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Clutch System ◽  
And Control

This paper presents temperature control of engine cooling system using a controllable magnetorheological (MR) fan clutch. An appropriate size of MR fan clutch is devised and modeled on the basis of Bingham model. Subsequently, an optimization to determine design parameters such as width of housing is undertaken by choosing the reciprocal of the controllable torque as an objective function. This has been performed using a finite element analysis. A sliding mode controller is then designed to control the angular velocity of the MR fan clutch using experimentally determined parameters. The designed controller is implemented and control performances of the MR fan clutch system are evaluated.

scholarly journals Stability and Control for Energy Production Parametric Dependence

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Carlini ◽  
Sonia Castellucci ◽  
Mirko Guerrieri ◽  
Tommaso Honorati
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

The activities of plant cultivation in Italy are provided by prefabricated structures that are designed to avoid any preliminary study of optical and thermal exchanges between the external environment and the green house. Designers mainly focused on the heating and cooling system to obtain climate beneficial effects on plant growth. This system involves rather significant operating costs which have driven the interests of designers, builders, and farmers to pursue constructive solutions such as the optimization and control of energy flows in the system. In this paper we take into account a model of greenhouse for plant cultivation to be located in Central Italy. For the optimal design of a greenhouse, simulations of heat exchange and flow of energy have been made in order to maximise the cooling system consumption of energy.

scholarly journals Energy flexibility of office buildings – Potential of different building types

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Mingzhe Liu ◽  
Hicham Johra ◽  
Per Kvols Heiselberg ◽  
Ivan Kolev ◽  
Kremena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Power Load

The objective of this study is to investigate and assess the energy flexibility performance of typical Danish office buildings constructed at different periods. Four building study cases have been compared with different heating demands, structural thermal masses, envelope insulation levels and infiltration rates. All cases are equipped with the same novel two-pipe heating and cooling system. Each case is divided in four subcases with variations of heat gains: people load, lighting load, equipment load, solar gain. Analyses and comparisons have been performed on different parameters, including power load shifting and grid adjustment, comfort level, and economical benefits. All investigated cases are tested with two control strategies: a normal reference control strategy and an energy flexibility control. The flexible controller adjusts the indoor temperature set points for heating and cooling depending on different energy price levels.

scholarly journals Variable-Load Heat Pumps: Impact of the Design and Control Parameters on the Actual Operation Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Alice Mugnini ◽  
Gianluca Coccia ◽  
Fabio Polonara ◽  
Alessia Arteconi
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays heat pumps (HPs) represent the main alternative to traditional heating systems for the transition to nearly zero-energy buildings. Though HPs are a well-known technology, the estimation of their actual energy performance is still under discussion. Indeed, the proper choice of the HP design parameters (e.g. size, rated supply temperature) and the adopted control strategy can assume a paramount role to cover the mismatch between declared and actual performance of the system. Objective of this work is to analyze this mutual dependence in an operating system to provide guidelines for the design of a residential heating system with a HP. Through a dynamic energy simulation tool, a variable-load air-to-water HP is used to cover the thermal demand of a residential building. The effect of the reciprocal influence of different design choices (e.g. rated heating capacity or design supply temperature) and control strategies (e.g. climatic regulation) is analyzed by simulating different scenarios. To complete the evaluation, the impact of a thermal energy storage is also assessed. The study allows to identify guidelines for the design of different system configurations and results seem to confirm the impact of the investigated parameters on the seasonal performance of the system.

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