Untangling the Relationship between Partisanship, Gender Stereotypes, and Support for Female Candidates

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole M. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Intersecting race and gender stereotypes: Implications for group-level attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis E. Phills ◽  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Jennifer M. Wolff ◽  
Ashley Smith ◽  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies examined the relationship between explicit stereotyping and prejudice by investigating how stereotyping of minority men and women may be differentially related to prejudice. Based on research and theory related to the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008), we hypothesized that stereotyping of minority men would be more strongly related to prejudice than stereotyping of minority women. Supporting our hypothesis, in both the United Kingdom (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), when stereotyping of Black men and women were entered into the same regression model, only stereotyping of Black men predicted prejudice. Results were inconsistent in regard to South Asians and East Asians. Results are discussed in terms of the intersectional invisibility hypothesis (Purdie-Vaughns & Eibach, 2008) and the gendered nature of the relationship between stereotyping and attitudes.

When All Parties Nominate Women: The Role of Political Gender Stereotypes in Voters’ Choices

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-772
Author(s):  
Zoe Lefkofridi ◽  
Nathalie Giger ◽  
Anne Maria Holli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Actual Impact ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
The U.S

AbstractDo political gender stereotypes exist in egalitarian settings in which all parties nominate women? Do they matter for candidate selection in systems of proportional representation with multiparty competition and preferential voting? To date, these questions remain unanswered because related research is limited to the U.S. case. Our pioneering study examines political stereotypes in one of the “least likely” cases, Finland—a global forerunner in gender equality. We find, first, that stereotypes persist even in egalitarian paradises. Second, when testing across settings of candidate choice, we find that the effect varies greatly: political gender stereotypes are powerful in hypothetical choices, but they work neither in favor of nor against female candidates when many “real,” viable, experienced, and incumbent female candidates are competing. Although in open-list systems with preferential voting, gender stereotypes can directly affect female candidates’ electoral success, in Finland, their actual impact in real legislative elections appears marginal.

scholarly journals Mathematics Anxiety in Pre-Service Elementary Teachers and its Impact on their Teaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Basso
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Traditional Teaching Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Anxiety in pre-service elementary teachers (PSETs) often affects their views of mathematics as well as the practices and teaching methods they choose to use. Due to this, many PSETs often choose to use traditional teaching methods in the classroom which can have counteractive effects on their math anxiety (Harper & Daane, 1998; Olson & Stoehr, 2019; Tooke & Lindstrom, 1998). The goal of this paper is to better comprehend and discover the ways in which math anxiety in PSETs impacts their teaching and whether there are ways to limit these negative emotions about mathematics. Much of the research on this topic look at either PSETs’ beliefs/views or their teaching practices. The focus of this paper will be to analyze the relationship between their beliefs/views and their teaching such to look at how one influences the other or if they have a symbiotic relationship as well as looking at how one’s individual psychology influences these beliefs/views. Using a symbolic interactionist lens, the arguments provide evidence from the literature that looks at the relationships between people and others. Moreover, in touching upon these relationships, this paper also delves into gender issues and stereotypes that have influenced these relationships. The implications of this paper deal primarily with the impact of gender stereotypes on teaching and anxiety as well as what teaching practices are most favourable when looking at reducing anxiety levels in PSETs.

scholarly journals Voter Support for Women Candidates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn Cooperman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Opinion Polling ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Elected Office

Voter support for women candidates in American politics may best be summed up by the often-repeated phrase, “when women run, women win.” This statement indicates that when compared to male candidates running in a similar capacity, such as candidates for open seats in which no incumbent is present, female candidates are equally likely to win elected office. Voters, therefore, seem equally likely at face value to support female candidates. However, the literature on voter support for women candidates suggests that this voter support may be more conditional in nature. A central research thread on voters and women candidates is how voters perceive women candidates and, in turn, their electability. Research on gender stereotypes and candidates examines voter perceptions of the traits they typically associate with men and women, candidates, and officeholders and the circumstances under which these traits make gender and political candidacy more or less attractive. The literature on political party and voter support for women candidates explores how gender and party affect levels of voter support and is offered as one explanation for the party imbalance in women’s representation with female Democrats significantly outnumbering female Republicans as candidates and officeholders. Researchers have also examined how voters evaluate other components of women’s candidacies, including their party affiliation, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. In addition to personal characteristics, scholars have explored how the type or level of office impacts voter support of women candidates with certain types of elected positions often considered more or less well suited for women candidates. More recently, a thread of research on voter support for women candidates has focused on women’s absence from the nation’s highest elected position—the US presidency. Scholars, and the candidate herself, have assessed voter support for or opposition to Hillary Clinton’s unsuccessful presidential bids in 2008 and 2016. This line of research includes public opinion polling that measures both the abstract idea of electing a woman president as well as electing a specific woman president, namely Clinton.

scholarly journals THE CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A GENDER-ORIENTED APPROACH TO BUDGETING IN UKRAINE: WHAT CAN BE IMPROVED?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Anna Karpych ◽  
Nataliia Miedviedkova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Financial Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Approach

The purpose of this article is to identify the obstacles which emerge on the way of the implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in Ukraine and hinder the promotion of this approach within the public financial system as well as to give recommendations on the possible ways to eliminate them from Ukrainian public financial management. Methodology. The article is based on a review of existing academic literature and on the analysis of secondary sources (mainly, government and non-government reports and publications). The results of the research show that the main barriers for the application of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in Ukraine are, among others, dominance of gender stereotypes, the lack of funds for gender initiatives, insufficient understanding of the relationship between gender equality and public policy, the low level of awareness of civil servants and officials regarding the policy of gender equality. The overview of the best international practices in the integration of gender aspects in budgeting helped authors identify prior tasks for ensuring effectiveness of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in modern conditions. Based on the obtained findings, the recommendations were provided; they include the measures to reduce gender gaps and suggested methods for modification of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. Research limitations/implications. The authors did not study the underlying reasons for the emerging problems for the application of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. Also, the research was based only on the review and analysis of secondary sources, thus, primary data collection techniques were omitted. Practical implications. The findings are likely to be useful for researchers and public sector practitioners both in Ukraine and abroad to gain knowledge on the implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting. The developing countries may investigate the case of Ukraine and prepare for the similar challenges and problems adjusting the practice of implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting according to their conditions and model of public management system. Value/originality. The article contributes to the discussion about the challenges for the effective implementation of a gender-oriented approach to budgeting in order to strengthen the public financial management in modern Ukraine.

scholarly journals Gender Bias in the Media: The Case of Iceland

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Valgerður Jóhannsdóttir ◽  
Þorgerður Einarsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Media Monitoring ◽  
The Relationship

The news media are the most influential sources of information, ideas and opinion for most people around the world. Who appears in the news and who is left out, what is covered and what is not and how people and events are portrayed matter. Research has consistently shown that women are underrepresented in the news and that gender stereotypes are reinforced in and through the media. The 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action recognised the relationship between women and media as a major area of concern in achieving gender equality in contemporary societies. This article presents Nordic findings from the 2015 Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP), which is the largest and longest-running study on gender in the world’s media. The findings show that women account for only 1 in 5 of the people interviewed or reported on by Icelandic news media and that women’s overall presence in the news has declined compared to the last GMMP study in 2010. The proportion of women as news subjects is also considerably lower than in other Nordic countries. We argue that the number of women who are journalists, managers in the media industry and decision makers in society has increased, but this shift has not automatically changed the representation of women in the news, either in numbers or in their portrayal. This discrepancy indicates that the relationship between gender and the news media is complicated and needs to be approached from different perspectives.

Does Gender Matter in Elections?

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-39
Author(s):  
Robert G. Boatright ◽  
Valerie Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Campaigns And Elections ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
American Elections ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides the theoretical context for the study by exploring whether and how gender usually matters in campaigns and elections, and the ways in which the 2016 election was different in this regard. The chapter presents the literature on voter preferences for male and female candidates, the impact of gender stereotypes on voting, and the way campaigns and advertisers make use of these stereotypes when trying to promote their candidates or undermine their opponents. The chapter devotes particular attention to recent claims that women are not disadvantaged in contemporary American elections, and it explores ways in which this finding might be applied to the 2016 presidential election, the first to feature a female general election nominee.

scholarly journals The influence of sex and gender-role orientation in the decision to become an entrepreneur

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Perez-Quintana ◽  
Esther Hormiga ◽  
Joan Carles Martori ◽  
Rafa Madariaga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between sex, gender-role orientation (GRO) and the decision to become an entrepreneur. Because of the fact that gender stereotypes have influences on the preferences and choices of individuals in their career, this research proposes the following objectives: to determine the existence of gender stereotypes that have an influence on human behaviour and specially in this research context; to measure the GRO of each individual; and, finally, to analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention, the sex and the GRO of participants. Design/methodology/approach Based on a questionnaire, this study follows the Bem Sex-Role Inventory methodology to perform an analysis by means of the multiple regression model. This study uses two different samples of 760 students who attend business administration and management undergraduate programs. Findings The outcomes show that GRO is a better predictor of the decision to become an entrepreneur than biological sex. Moreover, the results for the whole sample confirm the relationship between masculine and androgynous GRO with entrepreneurial intention, whereas there is also evidence of feminine GRO when we consider only women. Research limitations/implications In line with previous studies that link GRO and entrepreneurship, in this paper, the authors have analyzed business administration students’ view to draw conclusions. The next step is to apply the gender perspective to advance in the analysis of the features that characterize business managers. Likewise, it is interesting to continue the study of gender social construction in entrepreneurship focusing on the discourse used by entrepreneurs or in the media. Practical implications The conclusions of this study are relevant for educators and trainers of future entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial archetype evolves from masculinity to androgyny. This may help women entrepreneurial intentions. Emphasizing androgynous traits is a way to disable male stereotype domination and threat. This possibility is open, not only for educators who have the ability to improve this perception but also for media, advertising companies and women to push and value female entrepreneurship. Social implications The implicit dynamism in GROs leads to the possibility of changes in workplace views and especially in entrepreneurship as a career option. In this way, it is possible that the general belief that the company owners are men may change. Improving women entrepreneurs’ social visibility, which acts as “role models” may increase female entrepreneur intention. Moreover, emphasis on the androgynous entrepreneur traits in forums at different levels of education, in entrepreneur training activities, will certainly increase the women entrepreneur intention if they perceive they have positively valued traits for entrepreneurship. Originality/value Selecting 31 items related with the entrepreneur person, this work tests empirically their gender categorization. This procedure allows to measure participants’ GRO following the four gender categories and classify them by sex. Finally, the authors analyze the influence the GRO and sex exert over entrepreneurial intention and provide empirical evidence in favour that GRO is a more robust variable to predict entrepreneurial intention than sex, and androgynous GRO is the most influential category on entrepreneurial intention.

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