Political Conflict and Public Perceptions of Government Surveillance on the Internet: An Experiment of Online Search Terms

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Best ◽  
Brian S. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Government Surveillance

Information-Seeking on the Internet

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Singaravelu ◽  
Anne Stewart ◽  
Joanna Adams ◽  
Sue Simkin ◽  
Keith Hawton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Negative Tone

Abstract. Background: The Internet is used by young people at risk of self-harm to communicate, find information, and obtain support. Aims: We aimed to identify and analyze websites potentially accessed by these young people. Method: Six search terms, relating to self-harm/suicide and depression, were input into four search engines. Websites were analyzed for access, content/purpose, and tone. Results: In all, 314 websites were included in the analysis. Most could be accessed without restriction. Sites accessed by self-harm/suicide search terms were mostly positive or preventive in tone, whereas sites accessed by the term ways to kill yourself tended to have a negative tone. Information about self-harm methods was common with specific advice on how to self-harm in 15.8% of sites, encouragement of self-harm in 7.0%, and evocative images of self-harm/suicide in 20.7%. Advice on how to get help was given in 56.1% of sites. Conclusion: Websites relating to suicide or self-harm are easily accessed. Many sites are potentially helpful. However, a significant proportion of sites are potentially harmful through normalizing or encouraging self-harm. Enquiry regarding Internet use should be routinely included while assessing young people at risk.

The Impact of a Highly Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Online Information Seeking

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Sebastian Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Celebrity Suicide ◽  
Online Information Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Research has already acknowledged the importance of the Internet in suicide prevention as search engines such as Google are increasingly used in seeking both helpful and harmful suicide-related information. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of a highly publicized suicide by a Hollywood actor on suicide-related online information seeking. Method: We tested the impact of the highly publicized suicide of Robin Williams on volumes of suicide-related search queries. Results: Both harmful and helpful search terms increased immediately after the actor's suicide, with a substantial jump of harmful queries. Limitations: The study has limitations (e.g., possible validity threats of the query share measure, use of ambiguous search terms). Conclusion: Online suicide prevention efforts should try to increase online users' awareness of and motivation to seek help, for which Google's own helpline box could play an even more crucial role in the future.

scholarly journals Beyond Google

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Carter
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Students First ◽  
Google Search

The internet is often students’ first choice when researching school assignments; however students’ online search strategies typically consist of a basic Google search and Wikipedia. The creation of library intranet pages providing a range of search tools and the teaching of customised information literacy lessons aim to better utilise library resources and improve students’ research skills and learning outcomes.

Privacy and the Internet

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Government Surveillance ◽  
Online Traffic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Power Needs ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 14 deals with privacy, surveillance, and the right to know in the context of the internet. Edward Snowden’s disclosures of thousands of classified documents from the US National Security Agency served as a wake-up call. People are beginning to realize that government surveillance is widespread and intrusive, and that this intrusive power needs to be subject to legal safeguards. The chapter considers the legal constraints governing UK legislation and the impact of the decision in the Digital Rights Ireland case that EU Directive 2006/24/EC, which provided for the mass retention and disclosure of individuals’ online traffic data, is invalid. It considers the recent English cases and concludes by examining the framework which has been suggested for regulating the turbulent digital age in which we now live, drawing on David Anderson QC’s report ‘A Question of Trust’ and the European Court’s decision in the Google Spain case.

scholarly journals Social Media Vaccine Websites: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Moderated Websites

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Ann Shoup ◽  
Komal J. Narwaney ◽  
Nicole M. Wagner ◽  
Courtney R. Kraus ◽  
Kathy S. Gleason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Discussion Boards ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Observation Period

The internet is an important source of vaccine information for parents. We evaluated and compared the interactive content on an expert moderated vaccine social media (VSM) website developed for parents of children 24 months of age or younger and enrolled in a health care system to a random sample of interactions extracted from publicly available parenting and vaccine-focused blogs and discussion forums. The study observation period was September 2013 through July 2016. Three hundred sixty-seven eligible websites were located using search terms related to vaccines. Seventy-nine samples of interactions about vaccines on public blogs and discussion boards and 61 interactions from the expert moderated VSM website were coded for tone, vaccine stance, and accuracy of information. If information was inaccurate, it was coded as corrected, partially corrected or uncorrected. Using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, we compared coded interactions from the VSM website with coded interactions from the sample of publicly available websites. We then identified representative quotes to illustrate the quantitative results. Tone, vaccine stance, and accuracy of information were significantly different (all p < .05). Publicly available vaccine websites tended to be more contentious and have a negative stance toward vaccines. These websites also had inaccurate and uncorrected information. In contrast, the expert moderated website had a more civil tone, minimal posting of inaccurate information, with very little participant-to-participant interaction. An expert moderated, interactive vaccine website appears to provide a platform for parents to gather accurate vaccine information, express their vaccine concerns and ask questions of vaccine experts.

scholarly journals Product Lineups: The More You Search, The Less You Find

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Sang Kyu Park ◽  
Aner Sela
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Inference Making ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
True Target ◽  
General Search ◽  
Similar Item ◽  
Correct Target ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Consumers often try to visually identify a previously encountered product among a sequence of similar items, guided only by their memory and a few general search terms. What determines their success at correctly identifying the target product in such “product lineups”? The current research finds that the longer consumers search sequentially, the more conservative and—ironically—inaccurate judges they become. Consequently, the more consumers search, the more likely they are to erroneously reject the correct target when it finally appears in the lineup. This happens because each time consumers evaluate a similar item in the lineup, and determine that it is not the option for which they have been looking, they draw an implicit inference that the correct target should feel more familiar than the similar items rejected up to that point. This causes the subjective feeling of familiarity consumers expect to experience with the true target to progressively escalate, making them more conservative but also less accurate judges. The findings have practical implications for consumers and marketers, and make theoretical contributions to research on inference-making, online search, and product recognition.

scholarly journals Searching the evidence: the clinically-effective nutritionist

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-776
Author(s):  
Helen Moore ◽  
Carolyn Summerbell
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Full Paper ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
On Line ◽  
Randomised Controlled

As a clinically-effective nutritionist faced with needing to find the answer to a clinical question quickly it is necessary to search the best evidence efficiently. The requirements are to: (1) avoid having lots of papers to read; (2) be able to access this information at one's place of work; (3) restrict reading to trials and systematic reviews of trials. If a decision has to be made while on the ward, the best resource is probably an easy-to-use book, Clinical Evidence. This resource is also available on-line, but there may not be access to the Internet on the ward. If a little more time is available, and access to the Internet, the following plan is suggested: (1) work out what the question is and highlight the search terms; (2) using the best search engine available, search MEDLINE from 1990 for titles and abstracts of papers containing the search terms, this is the search strategy (limit the search by publication type by requesting randomised controlled trials only, English language only and human only); (3) if more or less than approximately ten hits are obtained, alter the limits of the search (not the search strategy); (4) read the abstract, or full paper where available, of the relevant hits and appraise this evidence.

The career of radiography: information on the web

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Glennie ◽  
A. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Staff Shortage ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Good Score ◽  
The Government ◽  
Diagnostic Radiography ◽  
The Web

Purpose: To establish whether or not the quantity and quality of information available on the internet about the career of diagnostic radiography is of a good or satisfactory standard.Methods: Four search engines with four different search terms were used and the top twenty hits for each group were read. The applicable sites were scored to determine the quality of each site.Results: Only 12% (37) of the 320 sites read were applicable. Out of the 37 there were 4 sites that gained a good score from the scoring sheet and therefore were classed as high quality, but 21 out of 37 sites did gain half marks or over.Conclusions: In conclusion, the quantity and quality of sites about the career of radiography was not of a satisfactory standard and more attention from both the government and professional bodies is needed if the profession is to gain attention and the staff shortage problem is to be solved.

scholarly journals The Abortion Web Ecosystem: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Trustworthiness and Bias (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Han ◽  
Emily R Boniface ◽  
Lisa Yin Han ◽  
Jonathan Albright ◽  
Nora Doty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
News Article ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Pro Choice

BACKGROUND People use the internet as a primary source for learning about medical procedures and their associated safety profiles and risks. Although abortion is one of the most common procedures worldwide among women in their reproductive years, it is controversial and highly politicized. Substantial scientific evidence demonstrates that abortion is safe and does not increase a woman’s future risk for depressive disorders or infertility. The extent to which information found on the internet reflects these medical facts in a trustworthy and unbiased manner is not known. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to collate and describe the trustworthiness and political slant or bias of web-based information about abortion safety and risks of depression and infertility following abortion. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of internet websites using 3 search topics: (1) is abortion safe?, (2) does abortion cause depression?, and (3) does abortion cause infertility? We used the Google Adwords tool to identify the search terms most associated with those topics and Google’s search engine to generate databases of websites related to each topic. We then classified and rated each website in terms of content slant (pro-choice, neutral, anti-choice), clarity of slant (obvious, in-between, or difficult/can’t tell), trustworthiness (rating scale of 1-5, 5=most trustworthy), type (forum, feature, scholarly article, resource page, news article, blog, or video), and top-level domain (.com, .net, .org, .edu, .gov, or international domain). We compared website characteristics by search topic (safety, depression, or infertility) using bivariate tests. We summarized trustworthiness using the median and IQR, and we used box-and-whisker plots to visually compare trustworthiness by slant and domain type. RESULTS Our search methods yielded a total of 111, 120, and 85 unique sites for safety, depression, and infertility, respectively. Of all the sites (n=316), 57.3% (181/316) were neutral, 35.4% (112/316) were anti-choice, and 7.3% (23/316) were pro-choice. The median trustworthiness score was 2.7 (IQR 1.7-3.7), which did not differ significantly across topics (<i>P</i>=.409). Anti-choice sites were less trustworthy (median score 1.3, IQR 1.0-1.7) than neutral (median score 3.3, IQR 2.7-4.0) and pro-choice (median score 3.7, IQR 3.3-4.3) sites. Anti-choice sites were also more likely to have slant clarity that was “difficult to tell” (41/112, 36.6%) compared with neutral (25/181, 13.8%) or pro-choice (4/23, 17.4%; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) sites. A negative search term used for the topic of safety (eg, “risks”) produced sites with lower trustworthiness scores than search terms with the word “safety” (median score 1.7 versus 3.7, respectively; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS People seeking information about the safety and potential risks of abortion are likely to encounter a substantial amount of untrustworthy and slanted/biased abortion information. Anti-choice sites are prevalent, often difficult to identify as anti-choice, and less trustworthy than neutral or pro-choice sites. Web searches may lead the public to believe abortion is riskier than it is.

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