Restoring an adequate dietary fiber intake by inulin supplementation: a pilot study showing an impact on gut microbiota and sociability in alcohol use disorder patients

Pregnancy alters the inflammatory state, metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota composition. It is unclear if the lower abundance of dietary fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria observed in hypertension also occurs in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and the gut microbiota profile at 28 weeks gestation in women who developed HDP in late pregnancy (n = 22) or remained normotensive (n = 152) from the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING). Dietary fiber intake was classified as above or below the median of 18.2 g/day. Gut microbiota composition was examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The gut permeability marker zonulin was measured in a subset of 46 samples. In women with future HPD, higher dietary fiber intake was specifically associated with increased abundance of Veillonella, lower abundance of Adlercreutzia, Anaerotruncus and Uncl. Mogibacteriaceae and higher zonulin levels than normotensive women. Fiber intake and zonulin levels were negatively correlated in women with normotensive pregnancies but not in pregnancies with future HDP. In women with normotensive pregnancies, dietary fiber intake may improve gut barrier function. In contrast, in women who develop HDP, gut wall barrier function is impaired and not related to dietary fiber intake.

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High-Dietary Fiber Intake Alleviates Antenatal Obesity-Induced Postpartum Depression: Roles of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolite Short-chain Fatty Acid Involved

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (47) ◽

pp. 13697-13710

Author(s):

Zhigang Liu ◽

Ling Li ◽

Shaobo Ma ◽

Jin Ye ◽

Hongbo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Microbial Metabolite ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

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Association of dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota in healthy adults.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1569 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1569-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Lin ◽

Brandilyn Peters ◽

Rashmi Sinha ◽

James J. Goedert ◽

Richard Hayes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Community Composition ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

The Relationship

1569 Background: Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota alterations may play a role in colorectal cancer risk. Diet, particularly fiber intake, may modify gut microbiota composition, which may consequently impact cancer risk development. We investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota in healthy humans. Methods: Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assessed gut microbiota in fecal samples from 151 healthy adults in two independent study populations: Study A, n = 75 (healthy controls from a colorectal cancer case-control study), and Study B, n = 76 (polyp-free subjects from a cross-sectional colonoscopy study). We calculated energy-adjusted total dietary fiber intake of participants based on food frequency questionnaires. For each study population, we evaluated the relationship between quartiles of higher fiber intake as a continuous ordinal variable, and global gut microbiota community composition (via PERMANOVA of weighted UniFrac distance) and specific taxon abundance (via DESeq2). Results: We found that fiber intake was significantly associated with overall microbial community composition in Study B (p = 0.003) but not Study A (p = 0.68), after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, and cigarette smoking. In a taxonomy-based meta-analysis of these two study populations, higher fiber intake was associated with lower abundance of genus Actinomyces (fold change [FC] = 0.769, p = 0.003), and higher abundance of genera Faecalibacterium (FC = 1.153, p = 0.03), Lachnospira (FC = 1.167, p = 0.04), and SMB53 (FC = 1.201, p = 0.05). A species-level meta-analysis showed an association between higher fiber intake and higher abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FC = 1.165, p = 0.03) and lower abundance of Ruminococcus bromii (FC = 0.828, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher intake of dietary fiber may alter gut microbiota in healthy adults. Given the potentially modifiable nature of the gut microbiota through diet, these findings warrant further study of diet-microbiota based colorectal cancer prevention strategies.

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Effect of chicory inulin-type fructan–containing snack bars on the human gut microbiota in low dietary fiber consumers in a randomized crossover trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (6) ◽

pp. 1286-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raylene A Reimer ◽

Adriana Soto-Vaca ◽

Alissa C Nicolucci ◽

Shyamchand Mayengbam ◽

Heekuk Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Low Dose ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Moderate Dose ◽

Double Blind ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Gi Symptoms

Abstract Background The low intake of dietary fiber compared to recommended amounts has been referred to as the dietary fiber gap. The addition of fiber to snack foods could favorably alter gut microbiota and help individuals meet intake recommendations. Objectives Our objective was to examine the effect of low- and moderate-dose fiber-containing snack bars, comprising mainly chicory root inulin-type fructans (ITF), on gut microbiota in healthy adults with habitual low dietary fiber intake using 16S ribosomal RNA–based approaches. Methods In 2 separate 4-wk, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials, 50 healthy adults with low dietary fiber intake were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric snack bars of either moderate-dose fiber (7 g/d) or control in Trial 1 (n = 25) or low-dose fiber (3 g/d) or control in Trial 2 (n = 25), with 4-wk washout periods. Fecal microbiota composition and inferred function, fecal SCFA concentration, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, dietary intake, and quality of life were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the moderate-dose group showed significant differences across multiple microbial taxa, most notably an increased relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus from (mean ± SEM) 5.3% ± 5.9% to 18.7% ± 15.0%. With low-dose ITF, significant increases in Bifidobacterium were no longer present after correction for multiple comparisons but targeted analysis with qPCR showed a significant increase in Bifidobacterium. Predictive functional profiling identified changes in predicted function after intake of the moderate- but not the low-dose bar. Fecal SCFAs were affected by time but not treatment. There were no between-group differences in GI symptoms. Importantly, fiber intake increased significantly with the moderate- and low-dose bars. Conclusions In healthy adults, adding 3 or 7 g ITF to snack bars increased Bifidobacterium, a beneficial member of the gut microbial community. The addition of ITF to food products could help reduce the dietary fiber gap prevalent in modern life. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03042494.

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The Effect of Athletes’ Probiotic Intake May Depend on Protein and Dietary Fiber Intake

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12102947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2947 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joy Son ◽

Lae-Guen Jang ◽

Byung-Yong Kim ◽

Sunghee Lee ◽

Hyon Park

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Protein ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Beneficial Bacteria ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Microbial Environment ◽

Positive Effect

Studies investigating exercise-induced gut microbiota have reported that people who exercise regularly have a healthy gut microbial environment compared with sedentary individuals. In contrast, recent studies have shown that high protein intake without dietary fiber not only offsets the positive effect of exercise on gut microbiota but also significantly lowers the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. In this study, to resolve this conundrum and find the root cause, we decided to narrow down subjects according to diet. Almost all of the studies had subjects on an ad libitum diet, however, we wanted subjects on a simplified diet. Bodybuilders who consumed an extremely high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet were randomly assigned to a probiotics intake group (n = 8) and a placebo group (n = 7) to find the intervention effect. Probiotics, comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. helveticus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, were consumed for 60 days. As a result, supplement intake did not lead to a positive effect on the gut microbial environment or concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It has been shown that probiotic intake is not as effective as ergogenic aids for athletes such as bodybuilders with extreme dietary regimens, especially protein and dietary fiber. To clarify the influence of nutrition-related factors that affect the gut microbial environment, we divided the bodybuilders (n = 28) into groups according to their protein and dietary fiber intake and compared their gut microbial environment with that of sedentary male subjects (n = 15). Based on sedentary Korean recommended dietary allowance (KRDA), the bodybuilders′ intake of protein and dietary fiber was categorized into low, proper, and excessive groups, as follows: high-protein/restricted dietary fiber (n = 12), high-protein/adequate dietary fiber (n = 10), or adequate protein/restricted dietary fiber (n = 6). We found no significant differences in gut microbial diversity or beneficial bacteria between the high-protein/restricted dietary fiber and the healthy sedentary groups. However, when either protein or dietary fiber intake met the KRDA, gut microbial diversity and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria showed significant differences to those of healthy sedentary subjects. These results suggest that the positive effect of exercise on gut microbiota is dependent on protein and dietary fiber intake. The results also suggest that the question of adequate nutrition should be addressed before supplementation with probiotics to derive complete benefits from the intervention.

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Dietary Fiber, Genetic Variations of Gut Microbiota-derived Short-chain Fatty Acids, and Bone Health in UK Biobank

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

Tao Zhou ◽

Mengying Wang ◽

Hao Ma ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Yoriko Heianza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Bone Health ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Heel Ultrasound ◽

Genetically Determined

Abstract Context Dietary fiber intake may relate to bone health. Objective To investigate whether dietary fiber intake is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), and the modification effect of genetic variations related to gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Design The associations of dietary fiber intake with estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound and fractures were assessed in 224 630 and 384 134 participants from the UK Biobank. Setting UK Biobank. Main Outcome Measures Estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound Results Higher dietary fiber intake (per standard deviation) was significantly associated with higher heel-BMD (β [standard error] = 0.0047 [0.0003], P = 1.10 × 10–54). Similarly significant associations were observed for all the fiber subtypes including cereal, fruit (dried and raw), and vegetable (cooked and raw) (all P < .05). A positive association was found in both women and men but more marked among men except for dietary fiber in cooked vegetables (all Pinteraction < .05). A protective association was found between dietary fiber intake and hip fracture (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 0.89-0.99; P = 3.0 × 10–2). In addition, the association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was modified by genetically determined SCFA propionate production (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10–3). The protective association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was more pronounced among participants with lower genetically determined propionate production. Conclusions Our results indicate that greater intakes of total dietary fiber and subtypes from various food sources are associated with higher heel-BMD. Participants with lower genetically determined propionate production may benefit more from taking more dietary fiber.

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Obesity status may intervene in the relation between dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota diversity

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120004449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Noora Houttu ◽

Kati Mokkala ◽

Kirsi Laitinen

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Obese Women ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Microbiota Diversity

AbstractHigh diversity is considered a property of gut microbiota that is beneficial for human health. A higher dietary fiber intake has been shown to increase gut microbiota diversity. Similarly, there is preliminary evidence that an excess adiposity relates to low diversity. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota diversity whilst considering the overweight and obesity status. Overweight (n = 52, prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obese (n = 47, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women were studied in early pregnancy (a mean of 13 weeks of gestation). The mean daily fiber intake (g) was calculated from 3-day food diaries by computerized software. To evaluate the gut microbiota α-diversity we determined the divergence-based measure, phylogenetic diversity (PD), and the qualitative and quantitative species-based measures, Chao 1 and Shannon index, from 16S RNA gene sequencing using QIIME pipeline. Dietary fiber intake (mean ± SD: 19.7 ± 6.2 g) correlated directly with PD (rho = 0.33, P = 0.002) and Chao 1 index (rho = 0.31, P = 0.004), but not with Shannon index (rho = 0.20, P = 0.06) in all women. Instead, no correlation between BMI and microbiota diversity indexes were seen, except for obese women in whom the BMI correlated inversely with PD (rho = -0.31, P = 0.04). Interestingly, distinct associations between fiber intake and microbiota diversity were detected in overweight and obese women. Fiber intake correlated directly with PD (rho = 0.34, P = 0.02 vs. rho = 0.32, P = 0.04), the measure depicting the phylogenetic branch length, in both overweight and obese women, the correlation with Chao 1 (rho = 0.35, P = 0.02), which depicts the presence or absence of each taxon i.e. richness, was seen only in obese women. Nevertheless, no correlation was seen between fiber intake and Shannon index (rho = -0.004, P = 0.98 vs. rho = -0.18, P = 0.25), the measure depicting the presence and absence as well as the abundance of each taxon i.e. richness and evenness, either in overweight or obese pregnant women. We found direct correlations between dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota α-diversity but obesity status intervened in this relation. In contrast to overweight women, in obese women, the higher dietary intake was reflected in a higher gut microbiota diversity measured at the level of taxon richness, suggesting that particularly obese pregnant women may benefit from a higher dietary fiber intake.

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