scholarly journals The functional relationship of the interleukins.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Smith ◽  
L B Lachman ◽  
J J Oppenheim ◽  
M F Favata
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Disease States ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
T Cell Growth Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanism of the lymphoproliferative effect of the macrophage product lymphocyte-activating factor [LAF(IL1] appears to be mediated by the stimulation of the release of T cell growth factor [TCGF(IL2)] by T cells. The magnitude of the resultant T cell proliferative clonal expansion is thus dependent upon the quantity of both LAF(IL1) and TCGF(IL2) induced by antigen or lectin stimulation. These observations, coupled with the ability to measure the production and actions of these hormone-like lymphokines, should allow for increased insight into the mode of action of immunoenhancing and immunosuppressive agents, as well as for new therapeutic approaches to disease states involving T lymphocytes.

New therapeutic approaches for polymyositis and dermatomyositis

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (39) ◽  
pp. 1552-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Dankó ◽  
Melinda Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Proximal Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
First Line ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Line Of Therapy

Inflammatory myopathies are chronic, immune-mediated diseases characterized with progressive proximal muscle weakness. They encompass a variety of syndromes with protean manifestations. The aims of therapy are to increase muscle strength, prevent the development of contractures, and to manage the systemic manifestations of the disease. This is a complex treatment which requires routine and wide knowledge. The most important task is to recognize the disease and guide the patient to immunologic center. Although the first line of therapy continues to include corticosteroids, there are a multitude of agents available for treating patients with myositis. There are several different immunosuppressive agents which may be applied alone or in combination with each other, as well as an increasing number of novel and exciting biologic agents targeting molecules participating in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation in the remission period may significantly improve the functional outcome of patients with these disorders. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1552–1559.

New therapeutic approaches in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Hématologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Cécile Springael ◽  
Marine de Vicq ◽  
Athanassios Kolivras ◽  
Dominique Bron
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
T Cell Lymphomas

scholarly journals How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Hanna Kletkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Klimiuk ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Karol Dokladny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Neonatal Asphyxia ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in brain damage after neonatal asphyxia. In the early phase of asphyxia/reoxygenation, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity play a pivotal role in switching on and off the cascade of events that can kill the neurons. Hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) forces the brain to activate endogenous mechanisms (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) to compensate for the lost or broken neural circuits. It is important to evaluate therapies to enhance the self-protective capacity of the brain. In animal models, decreased body temperature during neonatal asphyxia has been shown to increase cerebral antioxidant capacity. However, in preterm or severely asphyxiated newborns this therapy, rather than beneficial seems to be harmful. Thus, seeking new therapeutic approaches to prevent anoxia-induced complications is crucial. Pharmacotherapy with deferoxamine (DFO) is commonly recognized as a beneficial regimen for H/I insult. DFO, via iron chelation, reduces oxidative stress. It also assures an optimal antioxidant protection minimizing depletion of the antioxidant enzymes as well as low molecular antioxidants. In the present review, some aspects of recently acquired insight into the therapeutic effects of hypothermia and DFO in promoting neuronal survival after H/I are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of the Fibronectin IGD Motif in Stimulating Fibroblast Migration

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (49) ◽  
pp. 35530-35535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Millard ◽  
Ian R. Ellis ◽  
Andrew R. Pickford ◽  
Ana M. Schor ◽  
Seth L. Schor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migration Stimulating Factor ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stimulation Of

The motogenic activity of migration-stimulating factor, a truncated isoform of fibronectin (FN), has been attributed to the IGD motifs present in its FN type 1 modules. The structure-function relationship of various recombinant IGD-containing FN fragments is now investigated. Their structure is assessed by solution state NMR and their motogenic ability tested on fibroblasts. Even conservative mutations in the IGD motif are inactive or have severely reduced potency, while the structure remains essentially the same. A fragment with two IGD motifs is 100 times more active than a fragment with one and up to 106 times more than synthetic tetrapeptides. The wide range of potency in different contexts is discussed in terms of cryptic FN sites and cooperativity. These results give new insight into the stimulation of fibroblast migration by IGD motifs in FN.

scholarly journals Homeostatic T Cell Proliferation after Islet Transplantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Monti ◽  
Lorenzo Piemonti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Alloreactive T Cell

Pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is performed under immunosuppression to avoid alloreactive T cell responses and to control the reactivation of autoreactive memory T cells. However, lymphopenia associated with immunosuppression and T cell depletion can induce a paradoxical expansion of lymphocyte subsets under the influence of homeostatic proliferation. Homeostatic T cell proliferation is mainly driven by the IL-7/IL-7 receptor axis, a molecular pathway which is not affected by standard immune-suppressive drugs and, consequently, represents a novel potential target for immuno-modulatory strategies. In this review, we will discuss how homeostatic T cell proliferation can support autoimmunity recurrence after islet transplantation and how it can be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.

New therapeutic approaches for adult T-cell leukaemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bazarbachi ◽  
David Ghez ◽  
Yves Lepelletier ◽  
Rihab Nasr ◽  
Hugues de Thé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals The i-Motif as a Molecular Target: More Than a Complementary DNA Secondary Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Susie L. Brown ◽  
Samantha Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Insight Into

Stretches of cytosine-rich DNA are capable of adopting a dynamic secondary structure, the i-motif. When within promoter regions, the i-motif has the potential to act as a molecular switch for controlling gene expression. However, i-motif structures in genomic areas of repetitive nucleotide sequences may play a role in facilitating or hindering expansion of these DNA elements. Despite research on the i-motif trailing behind the complementary G-quadruplex structure, recent discoveries including the identification of a specific i-motif antibody are pushing this field forward. This perspective reviews initial and current work characterizing the i-motif and providing insight into the biological function of this DNA structure, with a focus on how the i-motif can serve as a molecular target for developing new therapeutic approaches to modulate gene expression and extension of repetitive DNA.

Novel Mechanisms for Resolution of Liver Inflammation: Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Kaufmann ◽  
Agustina Reca ◽  
Andrea D. Kim ◽  
Ariel E. Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractTraditional concepts have classically viewed resolution of inflammation as a passive process yet insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has challenged this idea. Resolution has been revealed as a highly dynamic and active event that is essential to counteract the dysregulated inflammatory response that drives diverse disease states. Abrogation of the hepatic inflammatory response through the stimulation of proresolving mechanisms represents a new paradigm in the setting of chronic inflammatory-driven liver diseases. Elucidation of the role of different cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has highlighted the interplay between them as an important orchestrator of liver repair. A finely tuned interaction between neutrophils and macrophages has risen as revolutionary mechanism that drives the restoration of hepatic function and architecture. Specialized proresolving mediators have also been shown to act as stop signals of the inflammatory response and promote resolution as well as tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss the discovery and understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation is resolved and highlight novel proresolving pathways that represent promising therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Interhemispheric Relationship of Genetic Influence on Human Brain Connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Suyu Zhong ◽  
Long Wei ◽  
Chenxi Zhao ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
Zengru Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract To understand the origins of interhemispheric differences and commonalities/coupling in human brain wiring, it is crucial to determine how homologous interregional connectivities of the left and right hemispheres are genetically determined and related. To address this, in the present study, we analyzed human twin and pedigree samples with high-quality diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography and estimated the heritability and genetic correlation of homologous left and right white matter (WM) connections. The results showed that the heritability of WM connectivity was similar and coupled between the 2 hemispheres and that the degree of overlap in genetic factors underlying homologous WM connectivity (i.e., interhemispheric genetic correlation) varied substantially across the human brain: from complete overlap to complete nonoverlap. Particularly, the heritability was significantly stronger and the chance of interhemispheric complete overlap in genetic factors was higher in subcortical WM connections than in cortical WM connections. In addition, the heritability and interhemispheric genetic correlations were stronger for long-range connections than for short-range connections. These findings highlight the determinants of the genetics underlying WM connectivity and its interhemispheric relationships, and provide insight into genetic basis of WM connectivity asymmetries in both healthy and disease states.

scholarly journals The Key Roles of PTEN in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Martelli ◽  
Francesca Paganelli ◽  
Antonietta Fazio ◽  
Chiara Bazzichetto ◽  
Fabiana Conciatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Development

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer that comprises 10–15% of pediatric and ~25% of adult ALL cases. Although the curative rates have significantly improved over the past 10 years, especially in pediatric patients, T-ALL remains a challenge from a therapeutic point of view, due to the high number of early relapses that are for the most part resistant to further treatment. Considerable advances in the understanding of the genes, signaling networks, and mechanisms that play crucial roles in the pathobiology of T-ALL have led to the identification of the key drivers of the disease, thereby paving the way for new therapeutic approaches. PTEN is critical to prevent the malignant transformation of T-cells. However, its expression and functions are altered in human T-ALL. PTEN is frequently deleted or mutated, while PTEN protein is often phosphorylated and functionally inactivated by casein kinase 2. Different murine knockout models recapitulating the development of T-ALL have demonstrated that PTEN abnormalities are at the hub of an intricate oncogenic network sustaining and driving leukemia development by activating several signaling cascades associated with drug-resistance and poor outcome. These aspects and their possible therapeutic implications are highlighted in this review.

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