Current status of large-scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. S871-S884 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kuroda ◽  
M Ohashi ◽  
S Miyoki ◽  
T Uchiyama ◽  
H Ishitsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Status

Recent Developments in the Downstream Processing of Phycobiliproteins from Algae: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayekpam Chandralekha Devi ◽  
G. K. Hamsavi ◽  
Simran Sahota ◽  
Rochak Mittal ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract: Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae. In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass. However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies (that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the present research area.

Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Foundations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Laser ◽  
Quantum Limits ◽  
Quantum Optomechanics ◽  
Quantum Ground State

The Les Houches Summer School 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 70s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, initially focusing on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world’s most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of their environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and a year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects—historical, theoretical, experimental—of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Essential reading for any researcher in the field.

Present status of large-scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. S1161-S1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Uchiyama ◽  
K Kuroda ◽  
M Ohashi ◽  
S Miyoki ◽  
H Ishitsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Large-Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope (LCGT)

2003 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikatsu Mio ◽  
the LCGT Collaboration
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Adherence and competence assessment in studies of CBT for psychosis: current status and future directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fowler ◽  
R. Rollinson ◽  
P. French
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Careful Assessment

All good quality trials of psychological interventions need to check formally that therapists have used the techniques prescribed in the published therapy manuals, and that the therapy has been carried out competently. This paper reviews methods of assessing adherence and competence used in recent large-scale trials of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for psychosis in the UK carried out by our research groups. A combination of the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale and specific versions of the Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis Adherence Scales provides an optimal assessment of adherence and competence. Careful assessment of the competence and adherence can help identify the procedures actually carried out with individuals within trials. The basic use of such assessments is to provide an external check on treatment fidelity on a sample of sessions. Such assessment can also provide the first step towards moving research towards making sense of CBT for psychosis as a complex intervention and identifying which techniques work for which problems of people with psychosis, at which stages of disorder?

Vulnerability and Importance of Arctic Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions for Sustainability in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisie Kåresdotter ◽  
Zahra Kalantari
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Arctic Wetlands

<p>Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions (NBS) provide multiple ecosystem services of local, regional, and global importance. Knowledge concerning location and vulnerability of wetlands, specifically in the Arctic, is vital to understand and assess the current status and future potential changes in the Arctic. Using available high-resolution wetland databases together with datasets on soil wetness and soil types, we created the first high-resolution map with full coverage of Arctic wetlands. Arctic wetlands' vulnerability is assessed for the years 2050, 2075, and 2100 by utilizing datasets of permafrost extent and projected mean annual average temperature from HadGEM2-ES climate model outputs for three change scenarios (RCP2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). With approximately 25% of Arctic landmass covered with wetlands and 99% being in permafrost areas, Arctic wetlands are highly vulnerable to changes in all scenarios, apart from RCP2.6 where wetlands remain largely stable. Climate change threatens Arctic wetlands and can impact wetland functions and services. These changes can adversely affect the multiple services this sort of NBS can provide in terms of great social, economic, and environmental benefits to human beings. Consequently, negative changes in Arctic wetland ecosystems can escalate land-use conflicts resulting from natural capital exploitation when new areas become more accessible for use. Limiting changes to Arctic wetlands can help maintain their ecosystem services and limit societal challenges arising from thawing permafrost wetlands, especially for indigenous populations dependent on their ecosystem services. This study highlights areas subject to changes and provides useful information to better plan for a sustainable and social-ecological resilient Arctic.</p><p>Keywords: Arctic wetlands, permafrost thaw, regime shift vulnerability, climate projection</p>

Toward functional proteomics of alveolar macrophages

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. L585-L595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng M. Wu ◽  
Ming Jin ◽  
Clay B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Impact

Alveolar macrophages (AM) belong to a phenotype of macrophages with distinct biological functions and important pathophysiological roles in lung health and disease. The molecular details determining AM differentiation from blood monocytes and AM roles in lung homeostasis are largely unknown. With the use of different technological platforms, advances in the field of proteomics have made it possible to search for differences in protein expression between AM and their precursor monocytes. Proteome features of each cell type provide new clues into understanding mononuclear phagocyte biology. In-depth analyses using subproteomics and subcellular proteomics offer additional information by providing greater protein resolution and detection sensitivity. With the use of proteomic techniques, large-scale mapping of phosphorylation differences between the cell types have become possible. Furthermore, two-dimensional gel proteomics can detect germline protein variants and evaluate the impact of protein polymorphisms on an individual's susceptibility to disease. Finally, surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry offers an alternative method to recognizing differences in protein patterns between AM and monocytes or between AM under different pathological conditions. This review details the current status of this field and outlines future directions in functional proteomic analyses of AM and monocytes. Furthermore, this review presents viewpoints of integrating proteomics with translational topics in lung diseases to define the mechanisms of disease and to uncover new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Cloud and Precipitation Parameterizations in Modeling and Variational Data Assimilation: A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 3766-3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Variational Data Assimilation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
General Question ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Moist Processes

Abstract This paper first reviews the current status, issues, and limitations of the parameterizations of atmospheric large-scale and convective moist processes that are used in numerical weather prediction and climate general circulation models. Both large-scale (resolved) and convective (subgrid scale) moist processes are dealt with. Then, the general question of the inclusion of diabatic processes in variational data assimilation systems is addressed. The focus is put on linearity and resolution issues, the specification of model and observation error statistics, the formulation of the control vector, and the problems specific to the assimilation of observations directly affected by clouds and precipitation.

scholarly journals Virgo and Gravitational-Wave Computing in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07050
Author(s):  
Stefano Bagnasco
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Observational Period ◽  
Compact Binaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Compact Binary ◽  
Continuous Waves ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wave Event

Advanced Virgo is an interferometer for the detection of gravitational waves at the European Gravitational Observatory in Italy. Along with the two Advanced LIGO interferometers in the US, Advanced Virgo is being used to collect data from astrophysical sources such as compact binary coalescences and is currently running the third observational period, collecting gravitational wave event candidates at a rate of more than once per week. Data from the interferometer are processed by running search pipelines for several expected signals, from coalescing compact binaries to continuous waves and burst events. Furthermore, detector characterisation studies are run. Some of the processing needs to be done with low latency, to be able to provide triggers for other observatories and make multi-messenger observations possible. Deep searches are run offline on external computing centres. Thus, data needs also to be reliably and promptly distributed from the EGO site to computer centres in Europe and the US for further analysis and archival storage. Two of the defining characteristics of Virgo computing are the heterogeneity of the activities and the need to interoperate with LIGO. A very wide array of analysis pipelines differing in scientific target, implementation details and running environment assumptions have to be allowed to run ubiquitously and uniformly on dedicated resources and, in perspective, on heterogeneous infrastructures. The current status, possible strategies and outlook of Virgo computing are discussed.

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